See bacterial in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek βακτηρία (baktēría)\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nAncient Greek -ῐος (-ĭos)?\nAncient Greek -ιον (-ion)\nAncient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion)bor.\nNew Latin bactēriabor.\nEnglish bacteria\nEnglish -al\nEnglish bacterial\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"bactēria\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"staff, cane\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"βακτηρία\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ιον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"diminutive suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"βακτήριον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"New Latin\", \"term\" : \"bactērium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-new\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"bacteria\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"bacterial\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"bacterial\">\nFrom bacteria + -al.",
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{
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"tree": "1"
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek βακτηρία (baktēría)\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nAncient Greek -ῐος (-ĭos)?\nAncient Greek -ιον (-ion)\nAncient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion)bor.\nNew Latin bactēriabor.\nEnglish bacteria\nEnglish -al\nEnglish bacterial\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"bactēria\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"staff, cane\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"βακτηρία\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ιον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"diminutive suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"βακτήριον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"New Latin\", \"term\" : \"bactērium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-new\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"bacteria\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"bacterial\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"bacterial\">\nFrom bacteria + -al.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek βακτηρία (baktēría)\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nAncient Greek -ῐος (-ĭos)?\nAncient Greek -ιον (-ion)\nAncient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion)bor.\nNew Latin bactēriabor.\nEnglish bacteria\nEnglish -al\nEnglish bacterial\nFrom bacteria + -al.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "bacterial (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "bacterio-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English relational adjectives",
"English terms suffixed with -al",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Microbiology"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
156,
165
]
],
"ref": "2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845, archived from the original on 08 Mar 2023:",
"text": "[The researchers] noticed many of their pieces of [plastic marine] debris sported surface pits around two microns across. Such pits are about the size of a bacterial cell. Closer examination showed that some of these pits did, indeed, contain bacteria, […].",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, relating to, or caused by bacteria."
],
"links": [
[
"microbiology",
"microbiology"
],
[
"bacteria",
"bacteria"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(microbiology) Of, relating to, or caused by bacteria."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bækˈtɪəɹiəɫ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-bacterial.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bacterial.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bacterial.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bacterial.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bacterial.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "bakterieel"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "bacterianu"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "bakteryjálʹny",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "бактэрыя́льны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "bakterialen",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "бактериален"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "bacterià"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "bacterial"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "Wéishēngwù de",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "微生物的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "bakteriální"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "bakteriel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "bacterieel"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "bakteria"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "of",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"translation": "of",
"word": "bakteeri-"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "bakteriaalinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "caused by",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"translation": "caused by",
"word": "bakteeriperäinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "bactérien"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "bacteriano"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "bakteriell"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "jīvāṇvik",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "जीवाण्विक"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "bakteriális"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "bakteriala"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "baictéarach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "batterico"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "bakteriell"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "bakteriell"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "bakteryjny"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "bakteriálʹnyj",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "бактериа́льный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "bacteriano"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "bacterial"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "bakteriell"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "bakteriálʹnyj",
"sense": "of or caused by bacteria",
"word": "бактеріа́льний"
}
],
"word": "bacterial"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bacterial meaning in English (11.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.