See babushka in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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}
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "babushka doll"
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"3": "ба́бушка",
"4": "",
"5": "grandmother, granny"
},
"expansion": "Russian ба́бушка (bábuška, “grandmother, granny”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ба́бушка (bábuška, “grandmother, granny”), diminutive of ба́ба (bába, “old woman”).",
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"pos": "noun",
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "a Ukrainian grandmother",
"word": "babusya"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "possibly cognate",
"word": "bubbe"
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"ref": "1984, Eugenie Fraser, “Before the Storm”, in The House by the Dvina: A Russian Childhood, Mainstream Publishing, →ISBN, pages 126–127:",
"text": "Yet, much as I loved to listen to it, standing there in the heat of all the lighted candles and dressed in my heavy shuba and felt boots, I invariably, halfway through the service, would begin to feel an intolerable pain across my shoulders which would spread across my back, gradually getting worse, until in the end I was forced to go to the back of the church and find a corner on a bench especially placed there for all the old babushkas and dedushkas who were also unable to bear the strain of standing throughout the whole service.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"An old woman, especially one of Eastern European descent."
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"A stereotypical, Eastern European peasant grandmother-type figure."
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"An old woman, especially one of Eastern European descent.",
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"ref": "1899, Lyof N. Tolstoï, “The Dekabrists: A Romance”, in [unknown], transl., Master and Man; The Kreutzer Sonata; Dramas (The Novels and Other Works of Lyof N. Tolstoï), New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, page 231:",
"text": "[…] the old woman wore the same kind of attire as his babushka and the mother of his house did […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1980, Mike Davidow, Moscow Diary, Moscow: Progress Publishers, page 147:",
"text": "There they were, the devoted babushkas and dedushkas, mothers and fathers, sisters and brothers of Bobby’s companions, lugging their bags, their bulging packages and bundles.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, Nalini Singh, Alpha Night (Psy-Changeling Trinity), Berkley, →ISBN, page 205:",
"text": "“He and my babushka took an angry and confused teenager and taught her how to build herself up into a strong woman.”",
"type": "quote"
}
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"A Russian grandmother."
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{
"ref": "1966 March, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 5, in The Crying of Lot 49, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, published November 1976, →ISBN, page 79:",
"text": "“Say hello to old Stanley,” he called as she pattered down the steps into the street, flung a babushka over her license plate and screeched away down Telegraph.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 78:",
"text": "The crowd falls silent, momentarily stunned, while a heavyset woman in a babushka pushes her way through, broadcasting the news […].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"A traditional floral headscarf worn by an Eastern European woman, tied under the chin."
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"(Northern US) A traditional floral headscarf worn by an Eastern European woman, tied under the chin."
],
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "16 16 0 67 1",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "woman’s headscarf tied under the chin",
"word": "kopserp"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 16 0 67 1",
"code": "af",
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"word": "kaptuko"
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"_dis1": "16 16 0 67 1",
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"word": "ŝalo"
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"word": "kapfulardo"
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"code": "is",
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"tags": [
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],
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},
{
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"code": "is",
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"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skýluklútur"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 16 0 67 1",
"code": "is",
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"sense": "woman’s headscarf tied under the chin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skýlyklútur bundinn undir höku"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 16 0 67 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "woman’s headscarf tied under the chin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chusta"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 16 0 67 1",
"code": "ro",
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"sense": "woman’s headscarf tied under the chin",
"word": "batic"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 16 0 67 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "platók",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "плато́к"
},
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"_dis1": "16 16 0 67 1",
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"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šalʹ",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "шаль"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 16 0 67 1",
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"sense": "woman’s headscarf tied under the chin",
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],
"word": "косы́нка"
},
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"roman": "xústka",
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],
"word": "ху́стка"
}
]
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],
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"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bəˈbuːʃ.kə/",
"tags": [
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "babooshka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "baboushka"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "49 49 1 1 1",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "an old woman",
"word": "baboesjka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 49 1 1 1",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "an old woman",
"word": "oumatjie"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 49 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "baba",
"sense": "an old woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "баба"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 49 1 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lǎopópo",
"sense": "an old woman",
"word": "老婆婆"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 49 1 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "an old woman",
"word": "maljunulino"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 49 1 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "an old woman",
"word": "oldulino"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 49 1 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "an old woman",
"word": "maljuna virino"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 49 1 1 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "an old woman",
"word": "vanaeit"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 49 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bábuška",
"sense": "an old woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ба́бушка"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 49 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "starúxa",
"sense": "an old woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "стару́ха"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 49 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "starúška",
"sense": "an old woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "стару́шка"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 49 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an old woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "anciana"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 49 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an old woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "viejita"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 49 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an old woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "viejecita"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 49 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
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"tags": [
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"word": "vieja"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 49 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an old woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "señora mayor"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 49 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an old woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mujer vieja"
}
],
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"name": "bor"
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],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "babushkas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "babushki",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "+",
"2": "babushki"
},
"expansion": "babushka (plural babushkas or babushki)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "a Ukrainian grandmother",
"word": "babusya"
},
{
"word": "babcia"
},
{
"english": "possibly cognate",
"word": "bubbe"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1984, Eugenie Fraser, “Before the Storm”, in The House by the Dvina: A Russian Childhood, Mainstream Publishing, →ISBN, pages 126–127:",
"text": "Yet, much as I loved to listen to it, standing there in the heat of all the lighted candles and dressed in my heavy shuba and felt boots, I invariably, halfway through the service, would begin to feel an intolerable pain across my shoulders which would spread across my back, gradually getting worse, until in the end I was forced to go to the back of the church and find a corner on a bench especially placed there for all the old babushkas and dedushkas who were also unable to bear the strain of standing throughout the whole service.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An old woman, especially one of Eastern European descent."
],
"links": [
[
"old woman",
"old woman"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"An old woman, especially one of Eastern European descent.",
"A stereotypical, Eastern European peasant grandmother-type figure."
],
"links": [
[
"old woman",
"old woman"
]
],
"qualifier": "by association",
"raw_glosses": [
"An old woman, especially one of Eastern European descent.",
"(by association) A stereotypical, Eastern European peasant grandmother-type figure."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1899, Lyof N. Tolstoï, “The Dekabrists: A Romance”, in [unknown], transl., Master and Man; The Kreutzer Sonata; Dramas (The Novels and Other Works of Lyof N. Tolstoï), New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, page 231:",
"text": "[…] the old woman wore the same kind of attire as his babushka and the mother of his house did […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1980, Mike Davidow, Moscow Diary, Moscow: Progress Publishers, page 147:",
"text": "There they were, the devoted babushkas and dedushkas, mothers and fathers, sisters and brothers of Bobby’s companions, lugging their bags, their bulging packages and bundles.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, Nalini Singh, Alpha Night (Psy-Changeling Trinity), Berkley, →ISBN, page 205:",
"text": "“He and my babushka took an angry and confused teenager and taught her how to build herself up into a strong woman.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Russian grandmother."
],
"links": [
[
"Russian",
"Russian"
],
[
"grandmother",
"grandmother"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Northern US English",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1966 March, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 5, in The Crying of Lot 49, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, published November 1976, →ISBN, page 79:",
"text": "“Say hello to old Stanley,” he called as she pattered down the steps into the street, flung a babushka over her license plate and screeched away down Telegraph.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 78:",
"text": "The crowd falls silent, momentarily stunned, while a heavyset woman in a babushka pushes her way through, broadcasting the news […].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A traditional floral headscarf worn by an Eastern European woman, tied under the chin."
],
"links": [
[
"headscarf",
"headscarf"
],
[
"chin",
"chin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern US) A traditional floral headscarf worn by an Eastern European woman, tied under the chin."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-US"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A Russian doll, a matryoshka."
],
"links": [
[
"Russian doll",
"Russian doll"
],
[
"matryoshka",
"matryoshka"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bəˈbuːʃ.kə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-babushka.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-babushka.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-babushka.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-babushka.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-babushka.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "babooshka"
},
{
"word": "baboushka"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "an old woman",
"word": "baboesjka"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "an old woman",
"word": "oumatjie"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "baba",
"sense": "an old woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "баба"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lǎopópo",
"sense": "an old woman",
"word": "老婆婆"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "an old woman",
"word": "maljunulino"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "an old woman",
"word": "oldulino"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "an old woman",
"word": "maljuna virino"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "an old woman",
"word": "vanaeit"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bábuška",
"sense": "an old woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ба́бушка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "starúxa",
"sense": "an old woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "стару́ха"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "starúška",
"sense": "an old woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "стару́шка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an old woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "anciana"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an old woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "viejita"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an old woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "viejecita"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an old woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vieja"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an old woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "señora mayor"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an old woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mujer vieja"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "woman’s headscarf tied under the chin",
"word": "kopserp"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "woman’s headscarf tied under the chin",
"word": "kopdoek"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "woman’s headscarf tied under the chin",
"word": "kaptuko"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "woman’s headscarf tied under the chin",
"word": "ŝalo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "woman’s headscarf tied under the chin",
"word": "kapfulardo"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "woman’s headscarf tied under the chin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skýla"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "woman’s headscarf tied under the chin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skýluklútur"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "woman’s headscarf tied under the chin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skýlyklútur bundinn undir höku"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "woman’s headscarf tied under the chin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chusta"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "woman’s headscarf tied under the chin",
"word": "batic"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "platók",
"sense": "woman’s headscarf tied under the chin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "плато́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šalʹ",
"sense": "woman’s headscarf tied under the chin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шаль"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kosýnka",
"sense": "woman’s headscarf tied under the chin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "косы́нка"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "xústka",
"sense": "woman’s headscarf tied under the chin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ху́стка"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"babushka"
],
"word": "babushka"
}
Download raw JSONL data for babushka meaning in English (9.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.