See Mafia in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "39 39 21",
"word": "mafia"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 21",
"word": "mafia state"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "mafia"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Italian mafia",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "mafia"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian mafia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mafiya"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of mafiya",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Italian mafia, of uncertain origin. In the first instance, it is not clear whether the lemma in question is a Sicilian exonym or endonym, since written and oral sources on this term are scarce, the etymology remains uncertain and it's worthy of further investigation. It is possibly a regional term of the then recently established Kingdom of Italy; thus the meaning \"spirit of hostility to the law\" could be just derivative. The hypotheses put forward have been varied, but not very convincing from a reconstructive point of view. See Sicilian mafia for more. See, also, the Wikipedia article for more discussion of the origin of the word. Doublet of mafiya.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "the Mafia",
"head_nr": 1,
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"canonical"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"head": "the Mafia"
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "39 39 21",
"word": "Mafiosa"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 21",
"word": "Mafioso"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 21",
"english": "mafias; used to describe Russian",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "mafiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 21",
"word": "Camorra"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 21",
"word": "capo"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 21",
"word": "godfather"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 21",
"word": "goodfella"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 21",
"word": "'Ndrangheta"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 21",
"word": "omertà"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 21",
"word": "Thuggee"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 21",
"word": "triad"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 21",
"word": "yakuza"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "60 30 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 19 7",
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{
"_dis": "69 19 12",
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "65 26 9",
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"name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 27 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 25 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 27 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 16 9",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 20 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 30 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 14 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 28 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 28 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 23 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 29 7",
"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Organizations",
"orig": "en:Organizations",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Mob: any particular mafia, mentioned uniquely within the discussion's established or implicit context, usually and especially the Sicilian-Italian–Italian-American one (especially in American English) but occasionally others (e.g., the Russian one, the Japanese one).",
"The international criminal organization of Sicilian origin operating in Italy and the United States."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-Mafia-en-name-en:Mob",
"links": [
[
"Mob",
"Mob#English"
],
[
"mafia",
"mafia"
],
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
],
[
"Sicilian",
"Sicilian"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy"
],
[
"United States",
"United States"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:Mob"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Mob"
},
{
"word": "Cosa Nostra"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "78 18 4",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"word": "黑手黨"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 18 4",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "hak¹ sau² dong²",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"word": "黑手党"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 18 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"word": "黑手黨"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 18 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hēishǒudǎng",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"word": "黑手党"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 18 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mafie"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 18 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"word": "Mafio"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 18 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"word": "mafia"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 18 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mafia"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 18 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "Mafía",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Μαφία"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 18 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mafia"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 18 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mafia"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 18 4",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mafia"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 53 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Crime",
"orig": "en:Crime",
"parents": [
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Law",
"All topics",
"Justice",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
"text": "Somehow he managed to upset the Russian Mafia.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Mob: any particular mafia, mentioned uniquely within the discussion's established or implicit context, usually and especially the Sicilian-Italian–Italian-American one (especially in American English) but occasionally others (e.g., the Russian one, the Japanese one).",
"Any other specific organized crime syndicate operating internationally in high-level organized crime; often with a modifying adjective, such as a nationality."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-Mafia-en-name-en:Mob1",
"links": [
[
"Mob",
"Mob#English"
],
[
"mafia",
"mafia"
],
[
"syndicate",
"syndicate"
],
[
"organized crime",
"organized crime"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:Mob"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Mob"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "24 66 10",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "organized criminal syndicate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mafie"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 66 10",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "organized criminal syndicate",
"word": "mafio"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 66 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "organized criminal syndicate",
"word": "mafia"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 66 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "organized criminal syndicate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mafia"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 66 10",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mafía",
"sense": "organized criminal syndicate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μαφία"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 66 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "organized criminal syndicate",
"word": "maffia"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 66 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "organized criminal syndicate",
"word": "gyilkosos"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 66 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "organized criminal syndicate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mafia"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 66 10",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "organized criminal syndicate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mafie"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 66 10",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "organized criminal syndicate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mafia"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A party game modelling a conflict between an informed minority (the mafia) and an uninformed majority (the innocents). Each player is secretly assigned a role within one of these teams, and the innocents attempt to identify the mafia members before they are all \"murdered\"."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-Mafia-en-name-YUjYJtoD",
"links": [
[
"party game",
"party game"
],
[
"conflict",
"conflict"
],
[
"minority",
"minority"
],
[
"majority",
"majority"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "7 7 86",
"sense": "party game",
"word": "Werewolf"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 7 86",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "party game",
"tags": [
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "killer (kiu¹ laa², kiu¹ laa⁴)"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 86",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "party game",
"word": "狼人殺"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 7 86",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lángrénshā",
"sense": "party game",
"word": "狼人杀"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑfi.ə/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæfi.ə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "39 39 21",
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"word": "Maffia"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mafia"
],
"word": "Mafia"
}
{
"categories": [
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Italian",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"en:Crime",
"en:Organizations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "mafia"
},
{
"word": "mafia state"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "mafia"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Italian mafia",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
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"2": "mafia"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian mafia",
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"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Doublet of mafiya",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Italian mafia, of uncertain origin. In the first instance, it is not clear whether the lemma in question is a Sicilian exonym or endonym, since written and oral sources on this term are scarce, the etymology remains uncertain and it's worthy of further investigation. It is possibly a regional term of the then recently established Kingdom of Italy; thus the meaning \"spirit of hostility to the law\" could be just derivative. The hypotheses put forward have been varied, but not very convincing from a reconstructive point of view. See Sicilian mafia for more. See, also, the Wikipedia article for more discussion of the origin of the word. Doublet of mafiya.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "the Mafia",
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],
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{
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"head": "the Mafia"
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"word": "Mafiosa"
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{
"word": "Mafioso"
},
{
"english": "mafias; used to describe Russian",
"tags": [
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"word": "mafiya"
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{
"sense": "party game",
"word": "Werewolf"
},
{
"word": "Camorra"
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{
"word": "capo"
},
{
"word": "godfather"
},
{
"word": "goodfella"
},
{
"word": "'Ndrangheta"
},
{
"word": "omertà"
},
{
"word": "Thuggee"
},
{
"word": "triad"
},
{
"word": "yakuza"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The Mob: any particular mafia, mentioned uniquely within the discussion's established or implicit context, usually and especially the Sicilian-Italian–Italian-American one (especially in American English) but occasionally others (e.g., the Russian one, the Japanese one).",
"The international criminal organization of Sicilian origin operating in Italy and the United States."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
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"Mob",
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"mafia",
"mafia"
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"criminal",
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"Sicilian",
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"Italy",
"Italy"
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[
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],
"senseid": [
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],
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{
"word": "Mob"
},
{
"word": "Cosa Nostra"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Somehow he managed to upset the Russian Mafia.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Mob: any particular mafia, mentioned uniquely within the discussion's established or implicit context, usually and especially the Sicilian-Italian–Italian-American one (especially in American English) but occasionally others (e.g., the Russian one, the Japanese one).",
"Any other specific organized crime syndicate operating internationally in high-level organized crime; often with a modifying adjective, such as a nationality."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"Mob",
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[
"mafia",
"mafia"
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"syndicate",
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],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"party game",
"party game"
],
[
"conflict",
"conflict"
],
[
"minority",
"minority"
],
[
"majority",
"majority"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑfi.ə/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæfi.ə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"word": "Maffia"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"word": "黑手黨"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "hak¹ sau² dong²",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"word": "黑手党"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"word": "黑手黨"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hēishǒudǎng",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"word": "黑手党"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mafie"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"word": "Mafio"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"word": "mafia"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mafia"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "Mafía",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Μαφία"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mafia"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mafia"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "international criminal organisation of Sicilian origin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mafia"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "organized criminal syndicate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mafie"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "organized criminal syndicate",
"word": "mafio"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "organized criminal syndicate",
"word": "mafia"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "organized criminal syndicate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mafia"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mafía",
"sense": "organized criminal syndicate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μαφία"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "organized criminal syndicate",
"word": "maffia"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "organized criminal syndicate",
"word": "gyilkosos"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "organized criminal syndicate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mafia"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "organized criminal syndicate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mafie"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "organized criminal syndicate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mafia"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "party game",
"tags": [
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "killer (kiu¹ laa², kiu¹ laa⁴)"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "party game",
"word": "狼人殺"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lángrénshā",
"sense": "party game",
"word": "狼人杀"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mafia"
],
"word": "Mafia"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Mafia meaning in English (7.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.