See -man in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "-man"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-man"
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-man",
"word": "マン"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-mon"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-man<ety:from<enm:man>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mon-\nProto-Germanic *mann-\nProto-West Germanic *mann\nOld English mann\nMiddle English man\nMiddle English -man\nEnglish -man\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*mann-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*mann\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"mann\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"man\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-man\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-man\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-man\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-man"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -man",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mon-\nProto-Germanic *mann-\nProto-West Germanic *mann\nOld English mann\nMiddle English man\nMiddle English -man\nEnglish -man\nFrom Middle English -man, from the noun man.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-men",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "noun-forming suffix",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "-men",
"7": "feminine",
"8": "-woman",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-man (noun-forming suffix, plural -men, feminine -woman)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 4 19 4 23 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 5 14 5 19 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 5 12 5 32 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 4 11 4 33 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "horse + -man → horseman",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sports + -man → sportsman",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone (possibly implied male) who is an expert in an area or who takes part in an activity."
],
"id": "en--man-en-suffix-aS95bIih",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "law + -man → lawman",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "news + -man → newsman",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone (possibly implied male) who is employed or holds a position in an area."
],
"id": "en--man-en-suffix-W5lY~CRg",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 5 12 5 32 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 4 11 4 33 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "free + -man → freeman",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ice + -man → iceman",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "super + -man → superman",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone (possibly implied male) who has special characteristics relating to a topic or area."
],
"id": "en--man-en-suffix-88SeKdH8",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Scots + -man → Scotsman",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Dutch + -man → Dutchman",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "China + -man → Chinaman",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Yorkshire + -man → Yorkshireman",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone (possibly implied male) who has a particular nationality."
],
"id": "en--man-en-suffix-fvphCC~n",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 7 14 8 35 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 7 14 7 34 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 5 12 5 32 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 4 11 4 33 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0",
"word": "airman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0",
"word": "bogeyman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0",
"word": "committeeman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0",
"word": "fireman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0",
"word": "freeman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0",
"word": "gunman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0",
"word": "horseman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0",
"word": "iceman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0",
"word": "lawman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0",
"word": "newsman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0",
"word": "sandman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0",
"word": "seaman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0",
"word": "sportsman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0",
"word": "superman"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "H + -man → H-man (“man whose name starts with H, e.g. Harry”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "J + -man → J-man (“man whose name starts with an J”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A man whose name begins with the preceding letter."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0",
"word": "-person"
}
],
"id": "en--man-en-suffix-YV3IoFxj",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Guinea + -man → Guineaman (“ship of the West African slave trade”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "East India + -man → East Indiaman",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "merchant + -man → merchantman",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Greenland + -man → Greenlandman (“a whaling ship”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "China + -man → Chinaman (“sailing ship engaged in the Old China Trade”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A ship which has special characteristics relating to a trade or area."
],
"id": "en--man-en-suffix-fvPRpmcK",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mæn/"
}
],
"word": "-man"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English productive suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mon-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "airman"
},
{
"word": "bogeyman"
},
{
"word": "committeeman"
},
{
"word": "fireman"
},
{
"word": "freeman"
},
{
"word": "gunman"
},
{
"word": "horseman"
},
{
"word": "iceman"
},
{
"word": "lawman"
},
{
"word": "newsman"
},
{
"word": "sandman"
},
{
"word": "seaman"
},
{
"word": "sportsman"
},
{
"word": "superman"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "-man"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-man"
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-man",
"word": "マン"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-mon"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-man<ety:from<enm:man>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mon-\nProto-Germanic *mann-\nProto-West Germanic *mann\nOld English mann\nMiddle English man\nMiddle English -man\nEnglish -man\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*mann-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*mann\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"mann\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"man\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-man\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-man\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-man\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-man"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -man",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mon-\nProto-Germanic *mann-\nProto-West Germanic *mann\nOld English mann\nMiddle English man\nMiddle English -man\nEnglish -man\nFrom Middle English -man, from the noun man.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-men",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "noun-forming suffix",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "-men",
"7": "feminine",
"8": "-woman",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-man (noun-forming suffix, plural -men, feminine -woman)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "-person"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "horse + -man → horseman",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sports + -man → sportsman",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone (possibly implied male) who is an expert in an area or who takes part in an activity."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "law + -man → lawman",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "news + -man → newsman",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone (possibly implied male) who is employed or holds a position in an area."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "free + -man → freeman",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ice + -man → iceman",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "super + -man → superman",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone (possibly implied male) who has special characteristics relating to a topic or area."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Scots + -man → Scotsman",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Dutch + -man → Dutchman",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "China + -man → Chinaman",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Yorkshire + -man → Yorkshireman",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone (possibly implied male) who has a particular nationality."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "H + -man → H-man (“man whose name starts with H, e.g. Harry”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "J + -man → J-man (“man whose name starts with an J”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A man whose name begins with the preceding letter."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Guinea + -man → Guineaman (“ship of the West African slave trade”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "East India + -man → East Indiaman",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "merchant + -man → merchantman",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Greenland + -man → Greenlandman (“a whaling ship”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "China + -man → Chinaman (“sailing ship engaged in the Old China Trade”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A ship which has special characteristics relating to a trade or area."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mæn/"
}
],
"word": "-man"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -man meaning in English (5.8kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-man"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-man",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.