"-and" meaning in English

See -and in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

Etymology: From Middle English -and, -end, -ant, -nd, from Old English -ende, -ande, present participle ending of verbs, and -end, -nd, agent ending, both from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *-onts. More at -ing. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|-and}} Middle English -and, {{inh|en|ang|-ende}} Old English -ende, {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*-andī}} Proto-West Germanic *-andī, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*-andz|pos=present participle suffix}} Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle suffix), {{inh|en|ine-pro|*-onts}} Proto-Indo-European *-onts Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|head=|id=}} -and, {{en-suffix}} -and
  1. (now chiefly dialectal, Scotland) Used to form the present participle of verbs, equivalent to -ing. Tags: Scotland, dialectal, morpheme
    Sense id: en--and-en-suffix-rVvxCXnx Categories (other): English links with redundant target parameters, Scottish English
  2. (rare or no longer productive) A suffix of Anglo-Saxon origin forming adjectives from verbs analogous to -ing. Tags: idiomatic, morpheme, rare
    Sense id: en--and-en-suffix-Dx4~Wxuv Categories (other): English links with redundant target parameters, English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 30 46 25 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 21 32 16 15 16 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 19 30 17 16 18
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: -ant, -nd, -on
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

Etymology: From Latin gerundive termination -andus, -endus. More at -end. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|la|-}} Latin Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|head=|id=}} -and, {{en-suffix}} -and
  1. A suffix forming nouns denoting patients or recipients of actions, such as compiland. Tags: morpheme Synonyms: -end Synonyms (a patient): -end, -ee, -ed
    Sense id: en--and-en-suffix-duzncPij
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-and"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -and",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-ende"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -ende",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-andī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-andī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-andz",
        "pos": "present participle suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle suffix)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-onts"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-onts",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -and, -end, -ant, -nd, from Old English -ende, -ande, present participle ending of verbs, and -end, -nd, agent ending, both from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *-onts. More at -ing.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-and",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-and",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Scottish English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "livand, nurischand, ravand, snipand, goand"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the present participle of verbs, equivalent to -ing."
      ],
      "id": "en--and-en-suffix-rVvxCXnx",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ing",
          "-ing#English:_participial"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(now chiefly dialectal, Scotland) Used to form the present participle of verbs, equivalent to -ing."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Scotland",
        "dialectal",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 46 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 32 16 15 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 30 17 16 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "waniand, blatant, blicant, farrand, flippant, gainand, rampant, trippant, warkand"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A suffix of Anglo-Saxon origin forming adjectives from verbs analogous to -ing."
      ],
      "id": "en--and-en-suffix-Dx4~Wxuv",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ing",
          "-ing#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare or no longer productive) A suffix of Anglo-Saxon origin forming adjectives from verbs analogous to -ing."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic",
        "morpheme",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-ant"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-nd"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-on"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-and"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “a patient”",
      "word": "-er"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “a patient”",
      "word": "-or"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “a patient”",
      "word": "-ing"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin gerundive termination -andus, -endus. More at -end.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-and",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-and",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A suffix forming nouns denoting patients or recipients of actions, such as compiland."
      ],
      "id": "en--and-en-suffix-duzncPij",
      "links": [
        [
          "patient",
          "patient"
        ],
        [
          "recipient",
          "recipient"
        ],
        [
          "action",
          "action"
        ],
        [
          "compiland",
          "compiland"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-end"
        },
        {
          "sense": "a patient",
          "word": "-end"
        },
        {
          "sense": "a patient",
          "word": "-ee"
        },
        {
          "sense": "a patient",
          "word": "-ed"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-and"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms borrowed from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-and"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -and",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-ende"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -ende",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-andī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-andī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-andz",
        "pos": "present participle suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle suffix)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-onts"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-onts",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -and, -end, -ant, -nd, from Old English -ende, -ande, present participle ending of verbs, and -end, -nd, agent ending, both from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *-onts. More at -ing.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-and",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-and",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English links with redundant target parameters",
        "Scottish English"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "livand, nurischand, ravand, snipand, goand"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the present participle of verbs, equivalent to -ing."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ing",
          "-ing#English:_participial"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(now chiefly dialectal, Scotland) Used to form the present participle of verbs, equivalent to -ing."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Scotland",
        "dialectal",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English links with redundant target parameters",
        "English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "waniand, blatant, blicant, farrand, flippant, gainand, rampant, trippant, warkand"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A suffix of Anglo-Saxon origin forming adjectives from verbs analogous to -ing."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ing",
          "-ing#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare or no longer productive) A suffix of Anglo-Saxon origin forming adjectives from verbs analogous to -ing."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic",
        "morpheme",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "-ant"
    },
    {
      "word": "-nd"
    },
    {
      "word": "-on"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-and"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “a patient”",
      "word": "-er"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “a patient”",
      "word": "-or"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “a patient”",
      "word": "-ing"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms borrowed from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin gerundive termination -andus, -endus. More at -end.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-and",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-and",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A suffix forming nouns denoting patients or recipients of actions, such as compiland."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "patient",
          "patient"
        ],
        [
          "recipient",
          "recipient"
        ],
        [
          "action",
          "action"
        ],
        [
          "compiland",
          "compiland"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "a patient",
      "word": "-end"
    },
    {
      "sense": "a patient",
      "word": "-ee"
    },
    {
      "sense": "a patient",
      "word": "-ed"
    },
    {
      "word": "-end"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-and"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.