See -and in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -and meaning in English (4.9kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-and"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -and",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "-end",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ant"
},
"expansion": "-ant",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-nd"
},
"expansion": "-nd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ende"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ende",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ande"
},
"expansion": "-ande",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "-end",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-nd"
},
"expansion": "-nd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-andī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-andī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-andz",
"pos": "present participle suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-onts"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-onts",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -and, -end, -ant, -nd, from Old English -ende, -ande, present participle ending of verbs, and -end, -nd, agent ending, both from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *-onts. More at -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-and",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-and",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "44 37 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "livand, nurischand, ravand, snipand, goand"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the present participle of verbs, equivalent to -ing."
],
"id": "en--and-en-suffix-rVvxCXnx",
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly dialectal, Scotland) Used to form the present participle of verbs, equivalent to -ing."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "44 37 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "waniand, blatant, blicant, farrand, flippant, gainand, rampant, trippant, warkand"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix of Anglo-Saxon origin forming adjectives from verbs analogous to -ing."
],
"id": "en--and-en-suffix-Dx4~Wxuv",
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare or no longer productive) A suffix of Anglo-Saxon origin forming adjectives from verbs analogous to -ing."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"rare"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-nd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-on"
}
],
"word": "-and"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “a patient”",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “a patient”",
"word": "-or"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “a patient”",
"word": "-ing"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-andus"
},
"expansion": "-andus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-endus"
},
"expansion": "-endus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "-end",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin gerundive termination -andus, -endus. More at -end.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-and",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-and",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 37 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix forming nouns denoting patients or recipients of actions, such as compiland."
],
"id": "en--and-en-suffix-duzncPij",
"links": [
[
"patient",
"patient"
],
[
"recipient",
"recipient"
],
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"compiland",
"compiland"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-end"
},
{
"sense": "a patient",
"word": "-end"
},
{
"sense": "a patient",
"word": "-ee"
},
{
"sense": "a patient",
"word": "-ed"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-and"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-and"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -and",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "-end",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ant"
},
"expansion": "-ant",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-nd"
},
"expansion": "-nd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ende"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ende",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ande"
},
"expansion": "-ande",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "-end",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-nd"
},
"expansion": "-nd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-andī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-andī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-andz",
"pos": "present participle suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-onts"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-onts",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -and, -end, -ant, -nd, from Old English -ende, -ande, present participle ending of verbs, and -end, -nd, agent ending, both from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *-onts. More at -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
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"expansion": "-and",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-and",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English links with redundant target parameters",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "livand, nurischand, ravand, snipand, goand"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the present participle of verbs, equivalent to -ing."
],
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly dialectal, Scotland) Used to form the present participle of verbs, equivalent to -ing."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English links with redundant target parameters",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "waniand, blatant, blicant, farrand, flippant, gainand, rampant, trippant, warkand"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix of Anglo-Saxon origin forming adjectives from verbs analogous to -ing."
],
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare or no longer productive) A suffix of Anglo-Saxon origin forming adjectives from verbs analogous to -ing."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"rare"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ant"
},
{
"word": "-nd"
},
{
"word": "-on"
}
],
"word": "-and"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “a patient”",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “a patient”",
"word": "-or"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “a patient”",
"word": "-ing"
}
],
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-andus"
},
"expansion": "-andus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-endus"
},
"expansion": "-endus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-end"
},
"expansion": "-end",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin gerundive termination -andus, -endus. More at -end.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-and",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-and",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A suffix forming nouns denoting patients or recipients of actions, such as compiland."
],
"links": [
[
"patient",
"patient"
],
[
"recipient",
"recipient"
],
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"compiland",
"compiland"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "a patient",
"word": "-end"
},
{
"sense": "a patient",
"word": "-ee"
},
{
"sense": "a patient",
"word": "-ed"
},
{
"word": "-end"
}
],
"word": "-and"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.