See koelen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "koel"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "coelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch coelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kōlijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kōlijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kōlijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kōlijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kōlēn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kōlēn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "koel",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "deadjectival"
},
"expansion": "koel + -en",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch coelen, a merger of two Old Dutch verbs:\n* *cuolen (“make cooler”), from Proto-West Germanic *kōlijan, from Proto-Germanic *kōlijaną.\n* *cuolon (“become cooler”), from Proto-West Germanic *kōlēn.\nEquivalent to koel + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "koelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "koel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "koelden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "koelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "koelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "koelden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "koel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "koelend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gekoeld",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "koelen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
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"len"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "koel"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch terms suffixed with -en (deadjectival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "afkoelen"
},
{
"word": "bekoelen"
},
{
"word": "koeler"
},
{
"word": "koelkast"
},
{
"word": "onderkoelen"
},
{
"word": "ongekoeld"
},
{
"word": "verkoelen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cool"
],
"id": "en-koelen-nl-verb-RXz3iBGH",
"links": [
[
"cool",
"cool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ergative) to cool"
],
"tags": [
"ergative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.lə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-koelen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/Nl-koelen.ogg/Nl-koelen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Nl-koelen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulən"
}
],
"word": "koelen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "adjective case form"
},
"expansion": "koelen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
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]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 21 21 21 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 19 19 19 0",
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},
{
"_dis": "42 19 19 19 0",
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"parents": [],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
9
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],
"text": "in koelen bloede",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "koel"
},
{
"word": "koel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of koel"
],
"id": "en-koelen-nl-adj-kJCOnEb4",
"links": [
[
"koel",
"koel#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) inflection of koel:"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"form-of"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "koel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of koel:",
"masculine accusative/dative singular"
],
"id": "en-koelen-nl-adj-kZUxoF8X",
"links": [
[
"koel",
"koel#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) inflection of koel:",
"masculine accusative/dative singular"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"archaic",
"dative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "koel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of koel:",
"neuter dative singular"
],
"id": "en-koelen-nl-adj-E0V9LLMV",
"links": [
[
"koel",
"koel#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) inflection of koel:",
"neuter dative singular"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dative",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "koel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of koel:",
"dative plural"
],
"id": "en-koelen-nl-adj-6jdi~NR~",
"links": [
[
"koel",
"koel#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) inflection of koel:",
"dative plural"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dative",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.lə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-koelen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/Nl-koelen.ogg/Nl-koelen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Nl-koelen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulən"
}
],
"word": "koelen"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Dutch basic verbs",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms suffixed with -en (deadjectival)",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ulən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ulən/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "afkoelen"
},
{
"word": "bekoelen"
},
{
"word": "koeler"
},
{
"word": "koelkast"
},
{
"word": "onderkoelen"
},
{
"word": "ongekoeld"
},
{
"word": "verkoelen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "koel"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "dum",
"3": "coelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch coelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kōlijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kōlijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kōlijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kōlijaną",
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{
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},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "koel",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "deadjectival"
},
"expansion": "koel + -en",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch coelen, a merger of two Old Dutch verbs:\n* *cuolen (“make cooler”), from Proto-West Germanic *kōlijan, from Proto-Germanic *kōlijaną.\n* *cuolon (“become cooler”), from Proto-West Germanic *kōlēn.\nEquivalent to koel + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "koelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "koel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "koelden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "koelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "koelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "koelden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "koel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "koelend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gekoeld",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "koelen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
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{
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"koe",
"len"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
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"1": "koel"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch ergative verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to cool"
],
"links": [
[
"cool",
"cool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ergative) to cool"
],
"tags": [
"ergative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.lə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-koelen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/Nl-koelen.ogg/Nl-koelen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Nl-koelen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulən"
}
],
"word": "koelen"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Pages with 1 entry",
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"Rhymes:Dutch/ulən/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
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"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "adjective case form"
},
"expansion": "koelen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
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]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
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{
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"Requests for translations of Dutch usage examples"
],
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3,
9
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],
"text": "in koelen bloede",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "koel"
},
{
"word": "koel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of koel"
],
"links": [
[
"koel",
"koel#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) inflection of koel:"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"form-of"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "koel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of koel:",
"masculine accusative/dative singular"
],
"links": [
[
"koel",
"koel#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) inflection of koel:",
"masculine accusative/dative singular"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"archaic",
"dative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "koel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of koel:",
"neuter dative singular"
],
"links": [
[
"koel",
"koel#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) inflection of koel:",
"neuter dative singular"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dative",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjective case forms"
],
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{
"word": "koel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of koel:",
"dative plural"
],
"links": [
[
"koel",
"koel#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) inflection of koel:",
"dative plural"
],
"tags": [
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"dative",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.lə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-koelen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/Nl-koelen.ogg/Nl-koelen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Nl-koelen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulən"
}
],
"word": "koelen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for koelen meaning in Dutch (7.0kB)
{
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"msg": "''inflection of koel:'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
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],
"section": "Dutch",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "koelen",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.