"harden" meaning in Dutch

See harden in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Audio: Nl-harden.ogg
Rhymes: -ɑrdən Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|nl|noun form}} harden
  1. plural of harde Tags: form-of, plural Form of: harde
    Sense id: en-harden-nl-noun-9Yp3Ofbj
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb

Audio: Nl-harden.ogg
Rhymes: -ɑrdən Etymology: From Middle Dutch harden, herden, from Old Dutch *herden, from Proto-West Germanic *hardijan, from Proto-Germanic *hardijaną. Etymology templates: {{inh|nl|dum|harden}} Middle Dutch harden, {{inh|nl|odt|*herden}} Old Dutch *herden, {{inh|nl|gmw-pro|*hardijan}} Proto-West Germanic *hardijan, {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*hardijaną}} Proto-Germanic *hardijaną Head templates: {{nl-verb}} harden Inflection templates: {{nl-conj-wk|hard}} Forms: weak [table-tags], harden [infinitive], harden [gerund, neuter], hard [first-person, present, singular], hardde [first-person, past, singular], hardt [present, second-person, singular], hard [present, second-person, singular], hardde [past, second-person, singular], hardt [formal, present, second-person, singular], hardde [formal, past, second-person, singular], hardt [Flanders, colloquial, present, second-person, singular], hardt [archaic, formal, majestic, present, second-person, singular], hardde [Flanders, colloquial, past, second-person, singular], hardde [archaic, formal, majestic, past, second-person, singular], hardt [present, singular, third-person], hardde [past, singular, third-person], harden [plural, present], hardden [past, plural], harde [archaic, present, singular, subjunctive], hardde [archaic, past, singular, subjunctive], harden [archaic, plural, present, subjunctive], hardden [archaic, past, plural, subjunctive], hard [imperative, present, singular], hardt [archaic, imperative, plural, present], hardend [participle, present], gehard [participle, past]
  1. (transitive) to render hard(er), more resistant etc.; to temper metal; to steel nerves Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-harden-nl-verb-v42nnv93 Categories (other): Dutch entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 27 51 21
  2. (transitive) to endure, bear, stand, tolerate Tags: transitive Synonyms: ondergaan, uitstaan, uithouden, velen, verdragen
    Sense id: en-harden-nl-verb-9U2~nsKU
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: verharden, volharden
Etymology number: 1

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "harden"
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      "expansion": "Middle Dutch harden",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*herden"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *herden",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*hardijan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hardijan",
      "name": "inh"
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        "3": "*hardijaną"
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      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hardijaną",
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    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch harden, herden, from Old Dutch *herden, from Proto-West Germanic *hardijan, from Proto-Germanic *hardijaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
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    },
    {
      "form": "hardde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardt",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "formal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardt",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardend",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gehard",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "harden",
      "name": "nl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hard"
      },
      "name": "nl-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "verharden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "volharden"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
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        {
          "_dis": "27 51 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The hardened veterans bore the pain without whining.",
          "text": "De geharde veteranen verbeten de pijn zonder jammeren.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to render hard(er), more resistant etc.; to temper metal; to steel nerves"
      ],
      "id": "en-harden-nl-verb-v42nnv93",
      "links": [
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
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        [
          "temper",
          "temper"
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        [
          "steel",
          "steel"
        ]
      ],
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        "(transitive) to render hard(er), more resistant etc.; to temper metal; to steel nerves"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "This stench is unbearable.",
          "text": "Deze stank is niet te harden.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
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        "to endure, bear, stand, tolerate"
      ],
      "id": "en-harden-nl-verb-9U2~nsKU",
      "links": [
        [
          "endure",
          "endure"
        ]
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        "(transitive) to endure, bear, stand, tolerate"
      ],
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        {
          "word": "ondergaan"
        },
        {
          "word": "uitstaan"
        },
        {
          "word": "uithouden"
        },
        {
          "word": "velen"
        },
        {
          "word": "verdragen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
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    {
      "audio": "Nl-harden.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/Nl-harden.ogg/Nl-harden.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Nl-harden.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑrdən"
    }
  ],
  "word": "harden"
}

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  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
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      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
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  "head_templates": [
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  "lang_code": "nl",
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          "harde",
          "harde#Dutch"
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    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑrdən"
    }
  ],
  "word": "harden"
}
{
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    "Dutch non-lemma forms",
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    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
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      "name": "inh"
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  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch harden, herden, from Old Dutch *herden, from Proto-West Germanic *hardijan, from Proto-Germanic *hardijaną.",
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        "table-tags"
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      "form": "nl-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "inflection-template"
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      "form": "harden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
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    {
      "form": "harden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "neuter"
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    {
      "form": "hard",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
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    {
      "form": "hardde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardend",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gehard",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
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      "args": {},
      "expansion": "harden",
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        "1": "hard"
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  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "verharden"
    },
    {
      "word": "volharden"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch terms with usage examples",
        "Dutch transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The hardened veterans bore the pain without whining.",
          "text": "De geharde veteranen verbeten de pijn zonder jammeren.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to render hard(er), more resistant etc.; to temper metal; to steel nerves"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ],
        [
          "temper",
          "temper"
        ],
        [
          "steel",
          "steel"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to render hard(er), more resistant etc.; to temper metal; to steel nerves"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch terms with usage examples",
        "Dutch transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "This stench is unbearable.",
          "text": "Deze stank is niet te harden.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to endure, bear, stand, tolerate"
      ],
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        [
          "endure",
          "endure"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to endure, bear, stand, tolerate"
      ],
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        {
          "word": "ondergaan"
        },
        {
          "word": "uitstaan"
        },
        {
          "word": "uithouden"
        },
        {
          "word": "velen"
        },
        {
          "word": "verdragen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
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      "audio": "Nl-harden.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/Nl-harden.ogg/Nl-harden.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Nl-harden.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑrdən"
    }
  ],
  "word": "harden"
}

{
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    "Dutch non-lemma forms",
    "Dutch noun forms",
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    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑrdən"
    }
  ],
  "word": "harden"
}

Download raw JSONL data for harden meaning in Dutch (6.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.