See 難民 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "难民",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "難民",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Human migration",
"orig": "zh:Human migration",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "People",
"orig": "zh:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "經濟難民"
},
{
"word": "经济难民"
},
{
"roman": "nànmíncháo",
"word": "難民潮"
},
{
"roman": "nànmíncháo",
"word": "难民潮"
},
{
"roman": "nànmínyíng",
"word": "難民營"
},
{
"roman": "nànmínyíng",
"word": "难民营"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
13,
21
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "the route of refugees fleeing to Europe",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "nànmín táo wǎng Ōuzhōu de lùxiàn",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "難民逃往歐洲的路線",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
13,
21
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "the route of refugees fleeing to Europe",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "nànmín táo wǎng Ōuzhōu de lùxiàn",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "难民逃往欧洲的路线",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"refugee"
],
"id": "en-難民-zh-noun-8MkT7PET",
"links": [
[
"refugee",
"refugee"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "gōngmín",
"word": "公民"
},
{
"roman": "guómín",
"word": "國民"
},
{
"roman": "guómín",
"word": "国民"
},
{
"roman": "jūmín",
"word": "居民"
},
{
"roman": "píngmín",
"word": "平民"
},
{
"roman": "shìmín",
"word": "市民"
},
{
"roman": "yímín",
"word": "移民"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "liúrén",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "流人"
},
{
"roman": "liúmín",
"word": "流民"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "nànmín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄋㄢˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "naan⁶ man⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "nan-mìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "nan^˖ min"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "nang⁵ ming²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "lān-bîn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶ne-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "nànmín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄋㄢˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "nànmín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "nan⁴-min²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "nàn-mín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "nannmin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "наньминь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "nanʹminʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/nän⁵¹ min³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "naahn màhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "naan⁶ man⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "nan⁶ men⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/naːn²² mɐn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "nan-mìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "nan^"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "minˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "nan⁴ min²"
},
{
"ipa": "/nan⁵⁵ min¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Zhudong"
],
"zh-pron": "nan^˖ min"
},
{
"ipa": "/nan³³ min⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhudong"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "nang⁵ ming²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hinghwa-Romanized",
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "nāng-míng"
},
{
"ipa": "/naŋ¹¹ miŋ¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "nang⁵ ming²"
},
{
"ipa": "/naŋ²¹ miŋ²⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lān-bîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lān-bîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "laxnbiin"
},
{
"ipa": "/lan²²⁻²¹ bin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lan⁴¹⁻²² bin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lan²²⁻²¹ bin¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lan³³⁻¹¹ bin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lan³³⁻²¹ bin²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶ne-min"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "ne^去 min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³ne-min"
},
{
"ipa": "/ne²² min⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nän⁵¹ min³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/naːn²² mɐn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nan⁵⁵ min¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nan³³ min⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/naŋ¹¹ miŋ¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/naŋ²¹ miŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lan²²⁻²¹ bin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lan⁴¹⁻²² bin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lan²²⁻²¹ bin¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lan³³⁻¹¹ bin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lan³³⁻²¹ bin²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ne²² min⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "難民"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "經濟難民"
},
{
"word": "经济难民"
},
{
"roman": "nànmíncháo",
"word": "難民潮"
},
{
"roman": "nànmíncháo",
"word": "难民潮"
},
{
"roman": "nànmínyíng",
"word": "難民營"
},
{
"roman": "nànmínyíng",
"word": "难民营"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "难民",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "難民",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "gōngmín",
"word": "公民"
},
{
"roman": "guómín",
"word": "國民"
},
{
"roman": "guómín",
"word": "国民"
},
{
"roman": "jūmín",
"word": "居民"
},
{
"roman": "píngmín",
"word": "平民"
},
{
"roman": "shìmín",
"word": "市民"
},
{
"roman": "yímín",
"word": "移民"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 民",
"Chinese terms spelled with 難",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka nouns",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien nouns",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Puxian Min lemmas",
"Puxian Min nouns",
"Wu lemmas",
"Wu nouns",
"zh:Human migration",
"zh:People"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
13,
21
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "the route of refugees fleeing to Europe",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "nànmín táo wǎng Ōuzhōu de lùxiàn",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "難民逃往歐洲的路線",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
13,
21
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "the route of refugees fleeing to Europe",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "nànmín táo wǎng Ōuzhōu de lùxiàn",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "难民逃往欧洲的路线",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"refugee"
],
"links": [
[
"refugee",
"refugee"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "nànmín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄋㄢˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "naan⁶ man⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "nan-mìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "nan^˖ min"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "nang⁵ ming²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "lān-bîn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶ne-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "nànmín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄋㄢˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "nànmín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "nan⁴-min²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "nàn-mín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "nannmin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "наньминь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "nanʹminʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/nän⁵¹ min³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "naahn màhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "naan⁶ man⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "nan⁶ men⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/naːn²² mɐn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "nan-mìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "nan^"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "minˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "nan⁴ min²"
},
{
"ipa": "/nan⁵⁵ min¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Zhudong"
],
"zh-pron": "nan^˖ min"
},
{
"ipa": "/nan³³ min⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhudong"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "nang⁵ ming²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hinghwa-Romanized",
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "nāng-míng"
},
{
"ipa": "/naŋ¹¹ miŋ¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "nang⁵ ming²"
},
{
"ipa": "/naŋ²¹ miŋ²⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lān-bîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lān-bîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "laxnbiin"
},
{
"ipa": "/lan²²⁻²¹ bin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lan⁴¹⁻²² bin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lan²²⁻²¹ bin¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lan³³⁻¹¹ bin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lan³³⁻²¹ bin²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶ne-min"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "ne^去 min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³ne-min"
},
{
"ipa": "/ne²² min⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nän⁵¹ min³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/naːn²² mɐn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nan⁵⁵ min¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nan³³ min⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/naŋ¹¹ miŋ¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/naŋ²¹ miŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lan²²⁻²¹ bin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lan⁴¹⁻²² bin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lan²²⁻²¹ bin¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lan³³⁻¹¹ bin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lan³³⁻²¹ bin²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ne²² min⁴⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "liúrén",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "流人"
},
{
"roman": "liúmín",
"word": "流民"
}
],
"word": "難民"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 難民 meaning in Chinese (6.1kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"難民"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "難民",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"難民"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "難民",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"難民"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "難民",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E9%9B%A3%E6%B0%91'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"難民"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "難民",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.