See 公民 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 公民 meaning in Chinese (10.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shìjiè gōngmín",
"word": "世界公民"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngtóu",
"word": "公投"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngmínxué",
"word": "公民學"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngmínxué",
"word": "公民学"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngmín tóupiào",
"word": "公民投票"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngmín jiàoyù",
"word": "公民教育"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngmínquán",
"word": "公民權"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngmínquán",
"word": "公民权"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngmín shèhuì",
"word": "公民社會"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngmín shèhuì",
"word": "公民社会"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngmín jiéhé",
"word": "公民結合"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngmín jiéhé",
"word": "公民结合"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "公民"
},
"expansion": "公民",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "公民",
"2": "こうみん",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "公民(こうみん) (kōmin)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "공민(公民)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 공민(公民) (gongmin)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "公民",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "公民",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "công dân",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "公民"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: công dân (公民)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "公民",
"2": "こうみん",
"3": "공민",
"4": "công dân",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "公民",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "公民",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "公民",
"v": "公民",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (公民):\n* → Japanese: 公民(こうみん) (kōmin)\n* → Korean: 공민(公民) (gongmin)\n* → Vietnamese: công dân (公民)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "こうみん",
"3": "공민",
"4": "công dân"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (公民):\n* → Japanese: 公民(こうみん) (kōmin)\n* → Korean: 공민(公民) (gongmin)\n* → Vietnamese: công dân (公民)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (公民):\n* → Japanese: 公民(こうみん) (kōmin)\n* → Korean: 공민(公民) (gongmin)\n* → Vietnamese: công dân (公民)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "gunghminz",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Zhuang: gunghminz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Zhuang: gunghminz"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "公民",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guómín",
"word": "國民"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guómín",
"word": "国民"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jūmín",
"word": "居民"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "nànmín",
"word": "難民"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "nànmín",
"word": "难民"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "píngmín",
"word": "平民"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shìmín",
"word": "市民"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yímín",
"word": "移民"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "good, law-abiding citizen",
"ref": "奉公守法的好公民 [MSC, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "fènggōngshǒufǎ de hǎo gōngmín [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"citizen"
],
"id": "en-公民-zh-noun-bl9hcNTh",
"links": [
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Intermediate Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "People",
"orig": "zh:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "However, from the perspective of education, the function of civics as a subject should not only be regarded as preparation for citizens; it should be thought of as a way to develop the role of students in the community.",
"ref": "但根據教育觀點而論，則公民一科之功能，不當僅看作做公民之預備；實當視為學生社會生活之發展。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "但根据教育观点而论，则公民一科之功能，不当仅看作做公民之预备；实当视为学生社会生活之发展。 [MSC, simp.]\nFrom: 1947, 汪懋祖, 中學公民課程之討論, 《教育雜誌》, volume 32, number 6, page 8\nDàn gēnjù jiàoyù guāndiǎn ér lùn, zé gōngmín yī kē zhī gōngnéng, bùdāng jǐn kànzuò zuò gōngmín zhī yùbèi; shí dāng shìwèi xuéshēng shèhuì shēnghuó zhī fāzhǎn. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The biggest difference between civics and other subjects is that one must first understand its definition, background and meaning. If you understand its definition, you won't confuse it for something else, and give an irrelevant answer to the question.",
"ref": "公民與其他科最大不同是：先要理解其定義、產生背景及個中含意。定義懂，對號入座，才不會張冠李戴，答非所問。 [Taiwanese Mandarin, trad.]",
"text": "公民与其他科最大不同是：先要理解其定义、产生背景及个中含意。定义懂，对号入座，才不会张冠李戴，答非所问。 [Taiwanese Mandarin, simp.]\nFrom: 2016, 劉駿豪, 《原來讀書可以這樣做！：10堂課掌握個人專屬讀考學習要領，考進理想校系（附補教名師各科亮點學習法）》 (quoting 酆伶老師)\nGōngmín yǔ qítā kē zuìdà bùtóng shì: xiān yào lǐjiě qí dìngyì, chǎnshēng bèijǐng jí gèzhōng hányì. Dìngyì dǒng, duìhàorùzuò, cái bùhuì zhāngguànlǐdài, dáfēisuǒwèn. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "期間若覺得壓力很大，尤其是唸公民時，一開始很多名詞都很陌生，常常覺得很挫折，此時可休息一下出門走走，再回來針對那些名詞上網找文獻或書籍閱讀，才能漸入佳境。 [Taiwanese Mandarin, trad.]",
"text": "期间若觉得压力很大，尤其是念公民时，一开始很多名词都很陌生，常常觉得很挫折，此时可休息一下出门走走，再回来针对那些名词上网找文献或书籍阅读，才能渐入佳境。 [Taiwanese Mandarin, simp.]\nFrom: 2019, 邱樺 (editor), 《公民》, page (3)\nQījiān ruò juéde yālì hěn dà, yóuqí shì niàn gōngmín shí, yī kāishǐ hěn duō míngcí dōu hěn mòshēng, chángcháng juéde hěn cuòzhé, cǐshí kě xiūxí yīxià chūmén zǒuzǒu, zài huílái zhēnduì nàxiē míngcí shàngwǎng zhǎo wénxiàn huò shūjí yuèdú, cái néng jiànrùjiājìng. [Pinyin]\nIf you feel stressed during this period, especially when studying civics – many terms seem strange at first, and it can be frustrating trying to understand them – you can take a break and go out for a walk, and then come back to search the Internet for relevant literature or books. This will allow you make progress.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"civics"
],
"id": "en-公民-zh-noun-PD6y4mnd",
"links": [
[
"civics",
"civics"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngmín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ㄇㄧㄣˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ man⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "guung¹ min³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kûng-mìn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "gŭng-mìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kong-bîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "gong¹ ming⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹kon-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngmín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongmín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kung¹-min²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng-mín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongmin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гунминь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gunminʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ min³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng màhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ man⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ men⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "guung¹ min³"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɵŋ³³ ᵐbin²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kûng-mìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gung´ minˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ min²"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ²⁴ min¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "gŭng-mìng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kong-bîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kongbiin"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔŋ³³ bin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bin¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kong mîng"
},
{
"ipa": "/koŋ³³⁻²³ miŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹kon-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "kon^平 min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/koŋ⁵⁵ min²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ min³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɵŋ³³ ᵐbin²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ²⁴ min¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔŋ³³ bin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bin¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koŋ³³⁻²³ miŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koŋ⁵⁵ min²¹/"
}
],
"word": "公民"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Intermediate Mandarin",
"zh:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "shìjiè gōngmín",
"word": "世界公民"
},
{
"roman": "gōngtóu",
"word": "公投"
},
{
"roman": "gōngmínxué",
"word": "公民學"
},
{
"roman": "gōngmínxué",
"word": "公民学"
},
{
"roman": "gōngmín tóupiào",
"word": "公民投票"
},
{
"roman": "gōngmín jiàoyù",
"word": "公民教育"
},
{
"roman": "gōngmínquán",
"word": "公民權"
},
{
"roman": "gōngmínquán",
"word": "公民权"
},
{
"roman": "gōngmín shèhuì",
"word": "公民社會"
},
{
"roman": "gōngmín shèhuì",
"word": "公民社会"
},
{
"roman": "gōngmín jiéhé",
"word": "公民結合"
},
{
"roman": "gōngmín jiéhé",
"word": "公民结合"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "公民"
},
"expansion": "公民",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "公民",
"2": "こうみん",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "公民(こうみん) (kōmin)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "공민(公民)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 공민(公民) (gongmin)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "公民",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "公民",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "công dân",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "公民"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: công dân (公民)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "公民",
"2": "こうみん",
"3": "공민",
"4": "công dân",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "公民",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "公民",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "公民",
"v": "公民",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (公民):\n* → Japanese: 公民(こうみん) (kōmin)\n* → Korean: 공민(公民) (gongmin)\n* → Vietnamese: công dân (公民)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "こうみん",
"3": "공민",
"4": "công dân"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (公民):\n* → Japanese: 公民(こうみん) (kōmin)\n* → Korean: 공민(公民) (gongmin)\n* → Vietnamese: công dân (公民)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (公民):\n* → Japanese: 公民(こうみん) (kōmin)\n* → Korean: 공민(公民) (gongmin)\n* → Vietnamese: công dân (公民)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "gunghminz",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Zhuang: gunghminz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Zhuang: gunghminz"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "公民",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "guómín",
"word": "國民"
},
{
"roman": "guómín",
"word": "国民"
},
{
"roman": "jūmín",
"word": "居民"
},
{
"roman": "nànmín",
"word": "難民"
},
{
"roman": "nànmín",
"word": "难民"
},
{
"roman": "píngmín",
"word": "平民"
},
{
"roman": "shìmín",
"word": "市民"
},
{
"roman": "yímín",
"word": "移民"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "good, law-abiding citizen",
"ref": "奉公守法的好公民 [MSC, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "fènggōngshǒufǎ de hǎo gōngmín [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"citizen"
],
"links": [
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "However, from the perspective of education, the function of civics as a subject should not only be regarded as preparation for citizens; it should be thought of as a way to develop the role of students in the community.",
"ref": "但根據教育觀點而論，則公民一科之功能，不當僅看作做公民之預備；實當視為學生社會生活之發展。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "但根据教育观点而论，则公民一科之功能，不当仅看作做公民之预备；实当视为学生社会生活之发展。 [MSC, simp.]\nFrom: 1947, 汪懋祖, 中學公民課程之討論, 《教育雜誌》, volume 32, number 6, page 8\nDàn gēnjù jiàoyù guāndiǎn ér lùn, zé gōngmín yī kē zhī gōngnéng, bùdāng jǐn kànzuò zuò gōngmín zhī yùbèi; shí dāng shìwèi xuéshēng shèhuì shēnghuó zhī fāzhǎn. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The biggest difference between civics and other subjects is that one must first understand its definition, background and meaning. If you understand its definition, you won't confuse it for something else, and give an irrelevant answer to the question.",
"ref": "公民與其他科最大不同是：先要理解其定義、產生背景及個中含意。定義懂，對號入座，才不會張冠李戴，答非所問。 [Taiwanese Mandarin, trad.]",
"text": "公民与其他科最大不同是：先要理解其定义、产生背景及个中含意。定义懂，对号入座，才不会张冠李戴，答非所问。 [Taiwanese Mandarin, simp.]\nFrom: 2016, 劉駿豪, 《原來讀書可以這樣做！：10堂課掌握個人專屬讀考學習要領，考進理想校系（附補教名師各科亮點學習法）》 (quoting 酆伶老師)\nGōngmín yǔ qítā kē zuìdà bùtóng shì: xiān yào lǐjiě qí dìngyì, chǎnshēng bèijǐng jí gèzhōng hányì. Dìngyì dǒng, duìhàorùzuò, cái bùhuì zhāngguànlǐdài, dáfēisuǒwèn. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "期間若覺得壓力很大，尤其是唸公民時，一開始很多名詞都很陌生，常常覺得很挫折，此時可休息一下出門走走，再回來針對那些名詞上網找文獻或書籍閱讀，才能漸入佳境。 [Taiwanese Mandarin, trad.]",
"text": "期间若觉得压力很大，尤其是念公民时，一开始很多名词都很陌生，常常觉得很挫折，此时可休息一下出门走走，再回来针对那些名词上网找文献或书籍阅读，才能渐入佳境。 [Taiwanese Mandarin, simp.]\nFrom: 2019, 邱樺 (editor), 《公民》, page (3)\nQījiān ruò juéde yālì hěn dà, yóuqí shì niàn gōngmín shí, yī kāishǐ hěn duō míngcí dōu hěn mòshēng, chángcháng juéde hěn cuòzhé, cǐshí kě xiūxí yīxià chūmén zǒuzǒu, zài huílái zhēnduì nàxiē míngcí shàngwǎng zhǎo wénxiàn huò shūjí yuèdú, cái néng jiànrùjiājìng. [Pinyin]\nIf you feel stressed during this period, especially when studying civics – many terms seem strange at first, and it can be frustrating trying to understand them – you can take a break and go out for a walk, and then come back to search the Internet for relevant literature or books. This will allow you make progress.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"civics"
],
"links": [
[
"civics",
"civics"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngmín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ㄇㄧㄣˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ man⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "guung¹ min³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kûng-mìn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "gŭng-mìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kong-bîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "gong¹ ming⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹kon-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngmín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongmín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kung¹-min²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng-mín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongmin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гунминь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gunminʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ min³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng màhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ man⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ men⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "guung¹ min³"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɵŋ³³ ᵐbin²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kûng-mìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gung´ minˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ min²"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ²⁴ min¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "gŭng-mìng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kong-bîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kongbiin"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔŋ³³ bin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bin¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kong mîng"
},
{
"ipa": "/koŋ³³⁻²³ miŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹kon-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "kon^平 min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/koŋ⁵⁵ min²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ min³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɵŋ³³ ᵐbin²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ²⁴ min¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔŋ³³ bin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bin¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koŋ³³⁻²³ miŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koŋ⁵⁵ min²¹/"
}
],
"word": "公民"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"公民"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "公民",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"公民"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "公民",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"公民"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "公民",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"公民"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "公民",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"公民"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "公民",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"公民"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "公民",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"公民"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "公民",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"公民"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "公民",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"公民"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "公民",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"公民"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "公民",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"公民"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "公民",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (ae36afe and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.