See 昔 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 昔 meaning in Chinese (13.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jīnbùrúxī",
"word": "今不如昔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jīnxī",
"word": "今昔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "今昔之感"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jīnfēixībǐ",
"word": "今非昔比"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "伊昔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gǔxī",
"word": "古昔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "在昔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "sùxī",
"word": "夙昔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "nǎixī",
"word": "奶昔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "宿昔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "密昔司"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "密昔斯"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "píngxī",
"word": "平昔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wǎngxī",
"word": "往昔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "感今懷昔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "感今怀昔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "fǔjīnzhuīxī",
"word": "撫今追昔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "fǔjīnzhuīxī",
"word": "抚今追昔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "攀今比昔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xīrén",
"word": "昔人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xīnián",
"word": "昔年"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xīrì",
"word": "昔日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xīxī",
"word": "昔昔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xīshí",
"word": "昔時"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xīshí",
"word": "昔时"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "昔酒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "nǎngxī",
"word": "曩昔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chóuxī",
"word": "疇昔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chóuxī",
"word": "畴昔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "非昔是今"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*s-r(j)ak",
"4": "",
"5": "night, full 24-hour day, spend the night"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-r(j)ak (“night, full 24-hour day, spend the night”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler, 2007"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Wang (1982)"
},
"expansion": "Wang (1982)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "夕"
},
"expansion": "夕 (OC *ljaːɡ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "夜"
},
"expansion": "夜 (OC *laːɡs)",
"name": "och-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-r(j)ak (“night, full 24-hour day, spend the night”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Wang (1982) relates this to 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ) and 夜 (OC *laːɡs); however, see those two entries for more.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "昔",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "24 4 4 2 3 7 9 5 3 2 4 0 21 0 2 1 4 2 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 1 4 3 3 9 9 9 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "When I left then, the snow was like the flowers; I come now and the flowers are like the snow.",
"ref": "昔去雪如花，今來花似雪。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "昔去雪如花，今来花似雪。 [MSC, simp.]\nFrom: 范雲, 《別詩》\nXī qù xuě rú huā, jīn lái huā sì xuě. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "In olden times, the Duke of Lu murdered a guiltless palace maid, thus resulting in nine years of drought and flood; the Duke of Jing murdered a palace concubine in anger, causing terraces to collapse by three li.",
"ref": "昔魯公殺一無罪宮女，遂致九年旱澇；景公怒殺宮妃，臺傾三里。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "昔鲁公杀一无罪宫女，遂致九年旱涝；景公怒杀宫妃，台倾三里。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 甄偉, 西漢通俗演義\nXī Lǔ Gōng shā yī wúzuì gōngnǚ, suì zhì jiǔ nián hànlào; Jǐng Gōng nù shā gōngfēi, tái qīng sān lǐ. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"^⁜ former times; the past; long ago; ancient times"
],
"id": "en-昔-zh-character-tDXdgi2d",
"links": [
[
"former",
"former"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"past",
"past"
],
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"ago",
"ago"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "With yesterday’s mutton, you were in charge, but in today’s affair, I am in charge.",
"ref": "疇昔之羊，子為政；今日之事，我為政。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "畴昔之羊，子为政；今日之事，我为政。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the \"Spring and Autumn Annals\" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg\nChóuxī zhī yáng, zǐ wéizhèng; jīnrì zhī shì, wǒ wéi zhèng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "For one who has not this determined mind, to have his affirmations and negations is like the case described in the saying, 'He went to Yue to-day, and arrived at it yesterday.'",
"ref": "未成乎心而有是非，是今日適越而昔至也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "未成乎心而有是非，是今日适越而昔至也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\nWèi chéng hū xīn ér yǒu shìfēi, shì jīnrì shì yuè ér xī zhì yě. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"yesterday"
],
"id": "en-昔-zh-character-lSPZ--eb",
"links": [
[
"yesterday",
"yesterday"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sunset; dusk"
],
"id": "en-昔-zh-character-jJP~Ull9",
"links": [
[
"sunset",
"sunset"
],
[
"dusk",
"dusk"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "dried meat",
"word": "腊"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 腊 (“dried meat”)"
],
"id": "en-昔-zh-character-NBb1koDR",
"links": [
[
"腊",
"腊#Chinese"
],
[
"dried",
"dried"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "xī, “evening; night”",
"word": "夕"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "They made an overnight pact, and then mounted sneak attacks on Liang and Huo.",
"ref": "為一昔之期，襲梁及霍。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "为一昔之期，袭梁及霍。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the \"Spring and Autumn Annals\" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg\nWèi yīxī zhī qī, xí Liáng jí Huò. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 夕 (xī, “evening; night”)"
],
"id": "en-昔-zh-character-b5-Q82A7",
"links": [
[
"夕",
"夕#Chinese"
],
[
"evening",
"evening"
],
[
"night",
"night"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-昔-zh-character-v2O7m9sM",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "xī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "xí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄧ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄧˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "sik¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "sit"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "xid⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "sék"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "sek"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "siak"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "sêg⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁷shiq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "xī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "si"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hsi¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "syī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "shi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "си"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "si"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "xí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "sí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hsi²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "syí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "shyi"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "sīk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "sik⁷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "xig¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɪk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "sit"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "xid`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "xid⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/sit̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sit̚¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "sék"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɛiʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "sik"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "seg"
},
{
"ipa": "/siɪk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "siak"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "siag"
},
{
"ipa": "/siak̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "sek"
},
{
"ipa": "/sek̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁷shiq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "shih^入"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁴xiq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "sjek"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[s]Ak/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*sjaːɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɪk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sit̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sit̚¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɛiʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/siɪk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/siak̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sek̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"other": "[s]"
},
{
"other": "/*sjaːɡ/"
}
],
"word": "昔"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "昔",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"coarse; rough"
],
"id": "en-昔-zh-character-~oAs9~IG",
"links": [
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to criss-cross",
"word": "錯"
},
{
"extra": "to criss-cross",
"word": "错"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 錯／错 (“to criss-cross”)"
],
"id": "en-昔-zh-character-gvk228RX",
"links": [
[
"錯",
"錯#Chinese"
],
[
"错",
"错#Chinese"
],
[
"criss-cross",
"criss-cross"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "cuò, “to use; to carry out”",
"word": "措"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 措 (cuò, “to use; to carry out”)"
],
"id": "en-昔-zh-character-oIWraQuW",
"links": [
[
"措",
"措#Chinese"
],
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"carry out",
"carry out"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "cuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "cuo⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄘㄨㄛˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "cuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "cuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tsʻo⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tswò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tsuoh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цо"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "co"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/"
}
],
"word": "昔"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "昔",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "早"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Min Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 早"
],
"id": "en-昔-zh-character-y~Kq8Nih",
"links": [
[
"早",
"早#Chinese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern Min) Alternative form of 早"
],
"tags": [
"Min",
"Southern",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chá"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "za²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsá"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "zar"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tsá"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁵²/"
}
],
"word": "昔"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "jīnbùrúxī",
"word": "今不如昔"
},
{
"roman": "jīnxī",
"word": "今昔"
},
{
"word": "今昔之感"
},
{
"roman": "jīnfēixībǐ",
"word": "今非昔比"
},
{
"word": "伊昔"
},
{
"roman": "gǔxī",
"word": "古昔"
},
{
"word": "在昔"
},
{
"roman": "sùxī",
"word": "夙昔"
},
{
"roman": "nǎixī",
"word": "奶昔"
},
{
"word": "宿昔"
},
{
"word": "密昔司"
},
{
"word": "密昔斯"
},
{
"roman": "píngxī",
"word": "平昔"
},
{
"roman": "wǎngxī",
"word": "往昔"
},
{
"word": "感今懷昔"
},
{
"word": "感今怀昔"
},
{
"roman": "fǔjīnzhuīxī",
"word": "撫今追昔"
},
{
"roman": "fǔjīnzhuīxī",
"word": "抚今追昔"
},
{
"word": "攀今比昔"
},
{
"roman": "xīrén",
"word": "昔人"
},
{
"roman": "xīnián",
"word": "昔年"
},
{
"roman": "xīrì",
"word": "昔日"
},
{
"roman": "xīxī",
"word": "昔昔"
},
{
"roman": "xīshí",
"word": "昔時"
},
{
"roman": "xīshí",
"word": "昔时"
},
{
"word": "昔酒"
},
{
"roman": "nǎngxī",
"word": "曩昔"
},
{
"roman": "chóuxī",
"word": "疇昔"
},
{
"roman": "chóuxī",
"word": "畴昔"
},
{
"word": "非昔是今"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*s-r(j)ak",
"4": "",
"5": "night, full 24-hour day, spend the night"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-r(j)ak (“night, full 24-hour day, spend the night”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler, 2007"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Wang (1982)"
},
"expansion": "Wang (1982)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "夕"
},
"expansion": "夕 (OC *ljaːɡ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "夜"
},
"expansion": "夜 (OC *laːɡs)",
"name": "och-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-r(j)ak (“night, full 24-hour day, spend the night”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Wang (1982) relates this to 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ) and 夜 (OC *laːɡs); however, see those two entries for more.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "昔",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Chinese terms with obsolete senses",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Mandarin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "When I left then, the snow was like the flowers; I come now and the flowers are like the snow.",
"ref": "昔去雪如花，今來花似雪。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "昔去雪如花，今来花似雪。 [MSC, simp.]\nFrom: 范雲, 《別詩》\nXī qù xuě rú huā, jīn lái huā sì xuě. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "In olden times, the Duke of Lu murdered a guiltless palace maid, thus resulting in nine years of drought and flood; the Duke of Jing murdered a palace concubine in anger, causing terraces to collapse by three li.",
"ref": "昔魯公殺一無罪宮女，遂致九年旱澇；景公怒殺宮妃，臺傾三里。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "昔鲁公杀一无罪宫女，遂致九年旱涝；景公怒杀宫妃，台倾三里。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 甄偉, 西漢通俗演義\nXī Lǔ Gōng shā yī wúzuì gōngnǚ, suì zhì jiǔ nián hànlào; Jǐng Gōng nù shā gōngfēi, tái qīng sān lǐ. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"^⁜ former times; the past; long ago; ancient times"
],
"links": [
[
"former",
"former"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"past",
"past"
],
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"ago",
"ago"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "With yesterday’s mutton, you were in charge, but in today’s affair, I am in charge.",
"ref": "疇昔之羊，子為政；今日之事，我為政。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "畴昔之羊，子为政；今日之事，我为政。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the \"Spring and Autumn Annals\" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg\nChóuxī zhī yáng, zǐ wéizhèng; jīnrì zhī shì, wǒ wéi zhèng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "For one who has not this determined mind, to have his affirmations and negations is like the case described in the saying, 'He went to Yue to-day, and arrived at it yesterday.'",
"ref": "未成乎心而有是非，是今日適越而昔至也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "未成乎心而有是非，是今日适越而昔至也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\nWèi chéng hū xīn ér yǒu shìfēi, shì jīnrì shì yuè ér xī zhì yě. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"yesterday"
],
"links": [
[
"yesterday",
"yesterday"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sunset; dusk"
],
"links": [
[
"sunset",
"sunset"
],
[
"dusk",
"dusk"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "dried meat",
"word": "腊"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 腊 (“dried meat”)"
],
"links": [
[
"腊",
"腊#Chinese"
],
[
"dried",
"dried"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "xī, “evening; night”",
"word": "夕"
}
],
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "They made an overnight pact, and then mounted sneak attacks on Liang and Huo.",
"ref": "為一昔之期，襲梁及霍。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "为一昔之期，袭梁及霍。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the \"Spring and Autumn Annals\" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg\nWèi yīxī zhī qī, xí Liáng jí Huò. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 夕 (xī, “evening; night”)"
],
"links": [
[
"夕",
"夕#Chinese"
],
[
"evening",
"evening"
],
[
"night",
"night"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "xī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "xí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄧ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄧˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "sik¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "sit"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "xid⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "sék"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "sek"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "siak"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "sêg⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁷shiq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "xī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "si"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hsi¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "syī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "shi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "си"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "si"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "xí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "sí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hsi²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "syí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "shyi"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "sīk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "sik⁷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "xig¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɪk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "sit"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "xid`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "xid⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/sit̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sit̚¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "sék"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɛiʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "sik"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "seg"
},
{
"ipa": "/siɪk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "siak"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "siag"
},
{
"ipa": "/siak̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "sek"
},
{
"ipa": "/sek̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁷shiq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "shih^入"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁴xiq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "sjek"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[s]Ak/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*sjaːɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɪk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sit̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sit̚¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɛiʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/siɪk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/siak̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sek̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"other": "[s]"
},
{
"other": "/*sjaːɡ/"
}
],
"word": "昔"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "昔",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"coarse; rough"
],
"links": [
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to criss-cross",
"word": "錯"
},
{
"extra": "to criss-cross",
"word": "错"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 錯／错 (“to criss-cross”)"
],
"links": [
[
"錯",
"錯#Chinese"
],
[
"错",
"错#Chinese"
],
[
"criss-cross",
"criss-cross"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "cuò, “to use; to carry out”",
"word": "措"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 措 (cuò, “to use; to carry out”)"
],
"links": [
[
"措",
"措#Chinese"
],
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"carry out",
"carry out"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "cuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "cuo⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄘㄨㄛˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "cuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "cuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tsʻo⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tswò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tsuoh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цо"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "co"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/"
}
],
"word": "昔"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "昔",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "早"
}
],
"categories": [
"Southern Min Chinese"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 早"
],
"links": [
[
"早",
"早#Chinese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern Min) Alternative form of 早"
],
"tags": [
"Min",
"Southern",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chá"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "za²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsá"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "zar"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tsá"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sa⁵²/"
}
],
"word": "昔"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"昔"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昔",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"昔"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昔",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"昔"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昔",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺'",
"path": [
"昔"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昔",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"昔"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昔",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺'",
"path": [
"昔"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昔",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"昔"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昔",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"昔"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昔",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"昔"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昔",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"昔"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昔",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"昔"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昔",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"昔"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昔",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"昔"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昔",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"昔"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昔",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"昔"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昔",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.