See 地獄 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "tiāntáng",
"word": "天堂"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "下地獄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "下地狱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "rénjiān dìyù",
"word": "人間地獄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "rénjiān dìyù",
"word": "人间地狱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "十八層地獄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "十八层地狱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiàohuàn dìyù",
"word": "叫喚地獄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiàohuàn dìyù",
"word": "叫唤地狱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "wǒ bù rù dìyù, shéi rù dìyù",
"word": "我不入地獄，誰入地獄／我不入地狱，谁入地狱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "拔舌地獄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "拔舌地狱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "huódìyù",
"word": "活地獄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "huódìyù",
"word": "活地狱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "酒食地獄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "酒食地狱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "阿呼地獄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "阿呼地狱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ābí dìyù",
"word": "阿鼻地獄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ābí dìyù",
"word": "阿鼻地狱"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "地獄"
},
"expansion": "地獄",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "地%獄",
"2": "じ%ごく",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "地(じ)獄(ごく) (jigoku)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "지옥(地獄)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 지옥(地獄) (jiok)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "địa ngục",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "地獄"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: địa ngục (地獄)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "地獄",
"2": "じ%ごく",
"3": "지옥",
"4": "địa ngục",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "地獄",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "地獄",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "地%獄",
"v": "地獄",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (地獄):\n* → Japanese: 地(じ)獄(ごく) (jigoku)\n* → Korean: 지옥(地獄) (jiok)\n* → Vietnamese: địa ngục (地獄)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "じ%ごく",
"3": "지옥",
"4": "địa ngục",
"j": "地%獄"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (地獄):\n* → Japanese: 地(じ)獄(ごく) (jigoku)\n* → Korean: 지옥(地獄) (jiok)\n* → Vietnamese: địa ngục (地獄)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (地獄):\n* → Japanese: 地(じ)獄(ごく) (jigoku)\n* → Korean: 지옥(地獄) (jiok)\n* → Vietnamese: địa ngục (地獄)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "地狱",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "地獄",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "zh:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "25 72 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Afterlife",
"orig": "zh:Afterlife",
"parents": [
"Death",
"Mythology",
"Philosophy",
"Religion",
"Body",
"Life",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Hells are termed in Sanskrit \"naraka\", meaning \"receptacle of suffering\". They are a receptacle in which living beings who suffer reside.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 阿彌陀經通贊疏",
"roman": "Dìyù zhě, fàn yún nàluòjiā, cǐ yún kǔ qì, shòukǔ zhòngshēng suǒ jū qìwù.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "地獄者，梵云那落迦，此云苦器，受苦眾生所居器物。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Hells are termed in Sanskrit \"naraka\", meaning \"receptacle of suffering\". They are a receptacle in which living beings who suffer reside.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 阿彌陀經通贊疏",
"roman": "Dìyù zhě, fàn yún nàluòjiā, cǐ yún kǔ qì, shòukǔ zhòngshēng suǒ jū qìwù.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "地狱者，梵云那落迦，此云苦器，受苦众生所居器物。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hell; underworld; inferno"
],
"id": "en-地獄-zh-noun-7-DoU0Cl",
"links": [
[
"religion",
"religion"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
],
[
"underworld",
"underworld"
],
[
"inferno",
"inferno"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(religion) hell; underworld; inferno"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hell on earth"
],
"id": "en-地獄-zh-noun-BHphYgIt",
"links": [
[
"hell on earth",
"hell on earth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) hell on earth"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dìyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄧˋ ㄩˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "dei⁶ juk⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "thi-ngiu̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-ge̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tōe-ge̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-ga̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tōe-ga̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-gio̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "di⁷ ghêg⁸"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶di-gnioq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dìyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄧˋ ㄩˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dìyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ti⁴-yü⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dì-yù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dihyuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "диюй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dijuj"
},
{
"ipa": "/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "deih yuhk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dei⁶ juk⁹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "déi⁶ yug⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tei̯²² jʊk̚²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "thi-ngiu̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ti ngiug"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "ti⁴ ngiug⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ ŋi̯uk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-gi̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "dexgek"
},
{
"ipa": "/te²²⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/te³³⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tuē-gi̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "doexgek"
},
{
"ipa": "/tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-ga̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "dexgak"
},
{
"ipa": "/te⁴¹⁻²² ɡak̚²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/te³³⁻²¹ ɡak̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tuē-ga̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "doexgak"
},
{
"ipa": "/tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡak̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-gio̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "dexgiok"
},
{
"ipa": "/te²²⁻²¹ ɡiɔk̚¹²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tī ge̍k"
},
{
"ipa": "/ti¹¹ ɡek̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶di-gnioq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "di^去 nyoh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³di-nyioq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/di²² n̠ʲioʔ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "dijH ngjowk"
},
{
"other": "/ tōe-ge̍k /"
},
{
"other": "/ tōe-ga̍k /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tei̯²² jʊk̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ ŋi̯uk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/te²²⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/te³³⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/te⁴¹⁻²² ɡak̚²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/te³³⁻²¹ ɡak̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡak̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/te²²⁻²¹ ɡiɔk̚¹²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ti¹¹ ɡek̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/di²² n̠ʲioʔ⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "地獄"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "地狱",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "地獄",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese neologisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "80 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "dìyùgén",
"word": "地獄哏"
},
{
"roman": "dìyùgén",
"word": "地狱哏"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "dark humor",
"roman": "dìyùgén",
"text": "地獄哏／地狱哏"
}
],
"glosses": [
"having a punchline that is built upon other's misfortune or disabilities, such that one would go to hell after comprehending the joke (see hellish gag); cursed"
],
"id": "en-地獄-zh-adj-s0mfVJ6J",
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"joke",
"joke"
],
[
"meme",
"meme"
],
[
"gag",
"gag"
],
[
"punchline",
"punchline"
],
[
"misfortune",
"misfortune"
],
[
"disabilities",
"disability"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
],
[
"comprehend",
"comprehend"
],
[
"hellish gag",
"hellish gag"
],
[
"cursed",
"cursed"
]
],
"qualifier": "memes or gags",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Internet slang, neologism, of jokes, memes or gags) having a punchline that is built upon other's misfortune or disabilities, such that one would go to hell after comprehending the joke (see hellish gag); cursed"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of jokes"
],
"tags": [
"Internet",
"neologism"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dìyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄧˋ ㄩˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "dei⁶ juk⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "thi-ngiu̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-ge̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tōe-ge̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-ga̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tōe-ga̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-gio̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "di⁷ ghêg⁸"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶di-gnioq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dìyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄧˋ ㄩˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dìyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ti⁴-yü⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dì-yù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dihyuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "диюй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dijuj"
},
{
"ipa": "/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "deih yuhk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dei⁶ juk⁹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "déi⁶ yug⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tei̯²² jʊk̚²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "thi-ngiu̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ti ngiug"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "ti⁴ ngiug⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ ŋi̯uk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-gi̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "dexgek"
},
{
"ipa": "/te²²⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/te³³⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tuē-gi̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "doexgek"
},
{
"ipa": "/tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-ga̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "dexgak"
},
{
"ipa": "/te⁴¹⁻²² ɡak̚²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/te³³⁻²¹ ɡak̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tuē-ga̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "doexgak"
},
{
"ipa": "/tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡak̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-gio̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "dexgiok"
},
{
"ipa": "/te²²⁻²¹ ɡiɔk̚¹²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tī ge̍k"
},
{
"ipa": "/ti¹¹ ɡek̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶di-gnioq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "di^去 nyoh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³di-nyioq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/di²² n̠ʲioʔ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "dijH ngjowk"
},
{
"other": "/ tōe-ge̍k /"
},
{
"other": "/ tōe-ga̍k /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tei̯²² jʊk̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ ŋi̯uk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/te²²⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/te³³⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/te⁴¹⁻²² ɡak̚²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/te³³⁻²¹ ɡak̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡak̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/te²²⁻²¹ ɡiɔk̚¹²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ti¹¹ ɡek̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/di²² n̠ʲioʔ⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "地獄"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "tiāntáng",
"word": "天堂"
}
],
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 地",
"Chinese terms spelled with 獄",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese adjectives",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Afterlife"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "下地獄"
},
{
"word": "下地狱"
},
{
"roman": "rénjiān dìyù",
"word": "人間地獄"
},
{
"roman": "rénjiān dìyù",
"word": "人间地狱"
},
{
"word": "十八層地獄"
},
{
"word": "十八层地狱"
},
{
"roman": "jiàohuàn dìyù",
"word": "叫喚地獄"
},
{
"roman": "jiàohuàn dìyù",
"word": "叫唤地狱"
},
{
"roman": "wǒ bù rù dìyù, shéi rù dìyù",
"word": "我不入地獄，誰入地獄／我不入地狱，谁入地狱"
},
{
"word": "拔舌地獄"
},
{
"word": "拔舌地狱"
},
{
"roman": "huódìyù",
"word": "活地獄"
},
{
"roman": "huódìyù",
"word": "活地狱"
},
{
"word": "酒食地獄"
},
{
"word": "酒食地狱"
},
{
"word": "阿呼地獄"
},
{
"word": "阿呼地狱"
},
{
"roman": "ābí dìyù",
"word": "阿鼻地獄"
},
{
"roman": "ābí dìyù",
"word": "阿鼻地狱"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "地獄"
},
"expansion": "地獄",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "地%獄",
"2": "じ%ごく",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "地(じ)獄(ごく) (jigoku)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "지옥(地獄)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 지옥(地獄) (jiok)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "địa ngục",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "地獄"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: địa ngục (地獄)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "地獄",
"2": "じ%ごく",
"3": "지옥",
"4": "địa ngục",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "地獄",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "地獄",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "地%獄",
"v": "地獄",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (地獄):\n* → Japanese: 地(じ)獄(ごく) (jigoku)\n* → Korean: 지옥(地獄) (jiok)\n* → Vietnamese: địa ngục (地獄)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "じ%ごく",
"3": "지옥",
"4": "địa ngục",
"j": "地%獄"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (地獄):\n* → Japanese: 地(じ)獄(ごく) (jigoku)\n* → Korean: 지옥(地獄) (jiok)\n* → Vietnamese: địa ngục (地獄)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (地獄):\n* → Japanese: 地(じ)獄(ごく) (jigoku)\n* → Korean: 지옥(地獄) (jiok)\n* → Vietnamese: địa ngục (地獄)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "地狱",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "地獄",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"zh:Religion"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Hells are termed in Sanskrit \"naraka\", meaning \"receptacle of suffering\". They are a receptacle in which living beings who suffer reside.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 阿彌陀經通贊疏",
"roman": "Dìyù zhě, fàn yún nàluòjiā, cǐ yún kǔ qì, shòukǔ zhòngshēng suǒ jū qìwù.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "地獄者，梵云那落迦，此云苦器，受苦眾生所居器物。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Hells are termed in Sanskrit \"naraka\", meaning \"receptacle of suffering\". They are a receptacle in which living beings who suffer reside.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 阿彌陀經通贊疏",
"roman": "Dìyù zhě, fàn yún nàluòjiā, cǐ yún kǔ qì, shòukǔ zhòngshēng suǒ jū qìwù.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "地狱者，梵云那落迦，此云苦器，受苦众生所居器物。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hell; underworld; inferno"
],
"links": [
[
"religion",
"religion"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
],
[
"underworld",
"underworld"
],
[
"inferno",
"inferno"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(religion) hell; underworld; inferno"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hell on earth"
],
"links": [
[
"hell on earth",
"hell on earth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) hell on earth"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dìyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄧˋ ㄩˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "dei⁶ juk⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "thi-ngiu̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-ge̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tōe-ge̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-ga̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tōe-ga̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-gio̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "di⁷ ghêg⁸"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶di-gnioq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dìyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄧˋ ㄩˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dìyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ti⁴-yü⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dì-yù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dihyuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "диюй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dijuj"
},
{
"ipa": "/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "deih yuhk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dei⁶ juk⁹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "déi⁶ yug⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tei̯²² jʊk̚²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "thi-ngiu̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ti ngiug"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "ti⁴ ngiug⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ ŋi̯uk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-gi̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "dexgek"
},
{
"ipa": "/te²²⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/te³³⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tuē-gi̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "doexgek"
},
{
"ipa": "/tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-ga̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "dexgak"
},
{
"ipa": "/te⁴¹⁻²² ɡak̚²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/te³³⁻²¹ ɡak̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tuē-ga̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "doexgak"
},
{
"ipa": "/tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡak̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-gio̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "dexgiok"
},
{
"ipa": "/te²²⁻²¹ ɡiɔk̚¹²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tī ge̍k"
},
{
"ipa": "/ti¹¹ ɡek̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶di-gnioq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "di^去 nyoh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³di-nyioq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/di²² n̠ʲioʔ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "dijH ngjowk"
},
{
"other": "/ tōe-ge̍k /"
},
{
"other": "/ tōe-ga̍k /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tei̯²² jʊk̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ ŋi̯uk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/te²²⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/te³³⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/te⁴¹⁻²² ɡak̚²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/te³³⁻²¹ ɡak̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡak̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/te²²⁻²¹ ɡiɔk̚¹²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ti¹¹ ɡek̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/di²² n̠ʲioʔ⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "地獄"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 地",
"Chinese terms spelled with 獄",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese adjectives",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Afterlife"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "dìyùgén",
"word": "地獄哏"
},
{
"roman": "dìyùgén",
"word": "地狱哏"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "地狱",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "地獄",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese internet slang",
"Chinese neologisms",
"Mandarin terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "dark humor",
"roman": "dìyùgén",
"text": "地獄哏／地狱哏"
}
],
"glosses": [
"having a punchline that is built upon other's misfortune or disabilities, such that one would go to hell after comprehending the joke (see hellish gag); cursed"
],
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"joke",
"joke"
],
[
"meme",
"meme"
],
[
"gag",
"gag"
],
[
"punchline",
"punchline"
],
[
"misfortune",
"misfortune"
],
[
"disabilities",
"disability"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
],
[
"comprehend",
"comprehend"
],
[
"hellish gag",
"hellish gag"
],
[
"cursed",
"cursed"
]
],
"qualifier": "memes or gags",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Internet slang, neologism, of jokes, memes or gags) having a punchline that is built upon other's misfortune or disabilities, such that one would go to hell after comprehending the joke (see hellish gag); cursed"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of jokes"
],
"tags": [
"Internet",
"neologism"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dìyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄧˋ ㄩˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "dei⁶ juk⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "thi-ngiu̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-ge̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tōe-ge̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-ga̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tōe-ga̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-gio̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "di⁷ ghêg⁸"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶di-gnioq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dìyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄧˋ ㄩˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dìyù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ti⁴-yü⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dì-yù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dihyuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "диюй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dijuj"
},
{
"ipa": "/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "deih yuhk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dei⁶ juk⁹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "déi⁶ yug⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tei̯²² jʊk̚²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "thi-ngiu̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ti ngiug"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "ti⁴ ngiug⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ ŋi̯uk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-gi̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "dexgek"
},
{
"ipa": "/te²²⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/te³³⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tuē-gi̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "doexgek"
},
{
"ipa": "/tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-ga̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "dexgak"
},
{
"ipa": "/te⁴¹⁻²² ɡak̚²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/te³³⁻²¹ ɡak̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tuē-ga̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "doexgak"
},
{
"ipa": "/tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡak̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tē-gio̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "dexgiok"
},
{
"ipa": "/te²²⁻²¹ ɡiɔk̚¹²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tī ge̍k"
},
{
"ipa": "/ti¹¹ ɡek̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶di-gnioq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "di^去 nyoh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³di-nyioq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/di²² n̠ʲioʔ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "dijH ngjowk"
},
{
"other": "/ tōe-ge̍k /"
},
{
"other": "/ tōe-ga̍k /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tei̯²² jʊk̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ ŋi̯uk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/te²²⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/te³³⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/te⁴¹⁻²² ɡak̚²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/te³³⁻²¹ ɡak̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡak̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/te²²⁻²¹ ɡiɔk̚¹²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ti¹¹ ɡek̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/di²² n̠ʲioʔ⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "地獄"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 地獄 meaning in Chinese (14.0kB)
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}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.