"僕" meaning in Chinese

See 僕 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Character

IPA: /pʰu³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /pʰu²¹/ [Chengdu, Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /pʊk̚²/ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Sinological-IPA], /pɵk̚³²/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA, Taicheng, Taishanese], /pʰuk̚²/ [Hakka, Miaoli, Northern, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /pʰuk̚⁵/ [Hakka, Miaoli, Northern, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /pʰu¹¹/ [Hakka, Meinong, Sinological-IPA, Sixian, Southern], /pʰʊk̚⁵/ [Hakka, Meixian, Sinological-IPA], /pʰaʔ⁵⁴/ [Jin, Sinological-IPA, Taiyuan], /pʰəʔ⁵⁴/ [Jin, Sinological-IPA, Taiyuan], /pʰu²⁴/ [Jian'ou, Sinological-IPA], /puʔ⁵/ [Fuzhou, Sinological-IPA], /pɔk̚⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /pɔk̚²⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /pɔk̚¹²¹/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /pɔk̚⁴/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /pɔk̚⁴/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /pok̚⁴/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /pʰu²⁴/ [Changsha, Sinological-IPA, Xiang], /pʰu³⁵/, /pʰu²¹/, /pʊk̚²/, /pɵk̚³²/, /pʰuk̚²/, /pʰuk̚⁵/, /pʰu¹¹/, /pʰʊk̚⁵/, /pʰaʔ⁵⁴/, /pʰəʔ⁵⁴/, /pʰu²⁴/, /puʔ⁵/, /pɔk̚⁴/, /pɔk̚²⁴/, /pɔk̚¹²¹/, /pɔk̚⁴/, /pɔk̚⁴/, /pok̚⁴/, /boʔ¹²/, /pʰu²⁴/ Chinese transliterations: pú [Mandarin, Pinyin, standard], pu² [Mandarin, Pinyin, standard], ㄆㄨˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo, standard], pu² [Chengdu, Mandarin, Pinyin, Sichuanese], buk⁶ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Jyutping], buuk⁵ [Cantonese, Taishan, Wiktionary-specific], phuk [Hakka, PFS, Sixian], phu̍k [Hakka, PFS, Sixian], phù [Hakka, PFS, Sixian], pug⁶ [Guangdong, Hakka, Meixian], pah⁵ [Jin, Wiktionary-specific], peh⁵ [Jin, Wiktionary-specific], pŭ, bŭk, po̍k [Hokkien, POJ], bog⁸ [Peng'im, Teochew], ⁸boq, pu⁶, pú [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], ㄆㄨˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], pú [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], pʻu² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], pú [Mandarin, Yale], pwu [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], пу [Mandarin, Palladius], pu [Mandarin, Palladius], pu [Chengdu, Latinxua-Sin-Wenz, Mandarin], buhk [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Yale], buk⁹ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Pinyin], bug⁶ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong], buuk⁵ [Cantonese, Taicheng, Taishanese, Wiktionary-specific], phuk [Hakka, Miaoli, Northern, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], phu̍k [Hakka, Miaoli, Northern, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], pug^ˋ [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Miaoli, Northern, Sixian], pug [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Miaoli, Northern, Sixian], pug⁵ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Miaoli, Northern, Sixian], pug⁶ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Miaoli, Northern, Sixian], phù [Hakka, Meinong, Phak-fa-su, Sixian, Southern], pu^ˇ [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Sixian, Southern], pu² [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Sixian, Southern], pah⁵ [Jin, Taiyuan, Wiktionary-specific], peh⁵ [Jin, Taiyuan, Wiktionary-specific], pŭ [Jian'ou, Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized], bŭk [Foochow-Romanized, Fuzhou], po̍k [Hokkien, Tai-lo], pok [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], po̍k [POJ, Teochew], ⁸boq [Northern, Wu], boh^入 [Northern, Wu], ⁵boq [Northern, Wu], /boʔ¹²/ [Northern, Wu], pu⁶ [Changsha, Wiktionary-specific, Xiang], buwk [Middle-Chinese], bowk [Middle-Chinese], /*[b]ˤok/ [Baxter-Sagart, Old-Chinese], /*boːɡ/ [Old-Chinese, Zhengzhang], /*buːɡ/ [Old-Chinese, Zhengzhang] Forms: 仆, 㒒, 䑑, 仆, 𢖃
Etymology: In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals. 其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component. In the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ). Probably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986). Alternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”). Etymology templates: {{categorize|zh|Han pictograms}}, {{liushu|p|nocap=1}} pictogram (象形), {{zh-l|*其}} 其, {{zh-l|*辛}} 辛, {{,}} ,, {{zh-l|*尾}} 尾, {{zh-l|*其}} 其, {{zh-l|*甾}} 甾, {{zh-l|*廾}} 廾, {{zh-l|*辛}} 辛, {{zh-l|*人}} 人, {{zh-l|*辛}} 辛, {{zh-l|*丵}} 丵, {{zh-l|*甾}} 甾, {{zh-l|*廾}} 廾, {{och-l|菐}} 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), {{categorize|zh|Han phono-semantic compounds}}, {{liushu|psc|adj=|nocap=1|pron=OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ}} phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ), {{Han compound|人|菐|c1=s|c2=p|ls=psc|nocap=1|t1=man}} phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), {{cog|bo|བུ||son; boy}} Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”), {{zh-ref|Coblin, 1986}} Coblin, 1986, {{zh-ref|Peiros and Starostin (1996)}} Peiros and Starostin (1996), {{cog|bo|ཕྲུག||child}} Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”) Head templates: {{head|zh|hanzi}} 僕
  1. servant; slave (often male) Coordinate_terms (slave): 婢 (bì) [feminine]
    Sense id: en-僕-zh-character-cUsP9DHQ Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Chinese hanzi, Chinese pronouns, Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Eastern Min hanzi, Eastern Min pronouns, Middle Chinese hanzi, Middle Chinese pronouns, Northern Min hanzi, Northern Min pronouns, Old Chinese hanzi, Old Chinese pronouns Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 14 9 4 36 36 Disambiguation of Chinese hanzi: 31 4 8 24 34 Disambiguation of Chinese pronouns: 31 4 8 24 34 Disambiguation of Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 35 3 2 29 31 Disambiguation of Eastern Min hanzi: 33 3 2 23 40 Disambiguation of Eastern Min pronouns: 33 3 2 23 40 Disambiguation of Middle Chinese hanzi: 33 0 1 26 39 Disambiguation of Middle Chinese pronouns: 34 0 1 26 38 Disambiguation of Northern Min hanzi: 33 3 2 23 40 Disambiguation of Northern Min pronouns: 33 3 2 23 40 Disambiguation of Old Chinese hanzi: 33 0 1 26 39 Disambiguation of Old Chinese pronouns: 34 0 1 26 38 Disambiguation of 'slave': 100 0 0 0 0
  2. (literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant Tags: humble, literary
    Sense id: en-僕-zh-character-oY-2cMlW
  3. (obsolete) coachman; groom Tags: obsolete
    Sense id: en-僕-zh-character-x-dLq4FJ
  4. (obsolete) to attach; to adhere Tags: obsolete
    Sense id: en-僕-zh-character-eGirH4z9 Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Chinese hanzi, Chinese pronouns, Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Eastern Min hanzi, Eastern Min pronouns, Middle Chinese hanzi, Middle Chinese pronouns, Northern Min hanzi, Northern Min pronouns, Old Chinese hanzi, Old Chinese pronouns Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 14 9 4 36 36 Disambiguation of Chinese hanzi: 31 4 8 24 34 Disambiguation of Chinese pronouns: 31 4 8 24 34 Disambiguation of Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 35 3 2 29 31 Disambiguation of Eastern Min hanzi: 33 3 2 23 40 Disambiguation of Eastern Min pronouns: 33 3 2 23 40 Disambiguation of Middle Chinese hanzi: 33 0 1 26 39 Disambiguation of Middle Chinese pronouns: 34 0 1 26 38 Disambiguation of Northern Min hanzi: 33 3 2 23 40 Disambiguation of Northern Min pronouns: 33 3 2 23 40 Disambiguation of Old Chinese hanzi: 33 0 1 26 39 Disambiguation of Old Chinese pronouns: 34 0 1 26 38
  5. a surname
    Sense id: en-僕-zh-character-v2O7m9sM Categories (other): Chinese surnames, Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Chinese hanzi, Chinese pronouns, Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Eastern Min hanzi, Eastern Min pronouns, Middle Chinese hanzi, Middle Chinese pronouns, Northern Min hanzi, Northern Min pronouns, Old Chinese hanzi, Old Chinese pronouns Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 14 9 4 36 36 Disambiguation of Chinese hanzi: 31 4 8 24 34 Disambiguation of Chinese pronouns: 31 4 8 24 34 Disambiguation of Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 35 3 2 29 31 Disambiguation of Eastern Min hanzi: 33 3 2 23 40 Disambiguation of Eastern Min pronouns: 33 3 2 23 40 Disambiguation of Middle Chinese hanzi: 33 0 1 26 39 Disambiguation of Middle Chinese pronouns: 34 0 1 26 38 Disambiguation of Northern Min hanzi: 33 3 2 23 40 Disambiguation of Northern Min pronouns: 33 3 2 23 40 Disambiguation of Old Chinese hanzi: 33 0 1 26 39 Disambiguation of Old Chinese pronouns: 34 0 1 26 38
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 主僕 (zhǔpú), 主仆 (zhǔpú), 僕人 (púrén), 仆人 (púrén), 僕使, 仆使, 僕僕, 仆仆, 僮僕, 僮仆, 僕僮成群, 仆僮成群, 僕僕風塵, 仆仆风尘, 僕吏, 仆吏, 僕固懷恩, 仆固怀恩, 僕夫, 仆夫, 僕姑, 仆姑, 僕婦, 仆妇, 僕射 (púyè), 仆射 (púyè), 僕射姑, 仆射姑, 僕役 (púyì), 仆役 (púyì), 僕從 (púcóng), 仆从 (púcóng), 僕憎, 仆憎, 僕歐 (pú'ōu), 仆欧 (pú'ōu), 僕程, 仆程, 公僕 (gōngpú), 公仆 (gōngpú), 太僕 (tàipú), 太仆 (tàipú), 女僕 (nǚpú), 女仆 (nǚpú), 奴僕 (núpú), 奴仆 (núpú), 婢僕, 婢仆, 家僕 (jiāpú), 家仆 (jiāpú), 更僕難數, 更仆难数, 狼僕, 狼仆, 童僕 (tóngpú), 童仆 (tóngpú), 老僕 (lǎopú), 老仆 (lǎopú), 金僕姑, 金仆姑, 隸僕, 隶仆, 風塵僕僕, 风尘仆仆
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "zhǔpú",
      "word": "主僕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "zhǔpú",
      "word": "主仆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "púrén",
      "word": "僕人"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "púrén",
      "word": "仆人"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "僕使"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "仆使"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "僕僕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "仆仆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "僮僕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "僮仆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "僕僮成群"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "仆僮成群"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "僕僕風塵"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "仆仆风尘"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "僕吏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "仆吏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "僕固懷恩"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "仆固怀恩"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "僕夫"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "仆夫"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "僕姑"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "仆姑"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "僕婦"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "仆妇"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "púyè",
      "word": "僕射"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "púyè",
      "word": "仆射"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "僕射姑"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "仆射姑"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "púyì",
      "word": "僕役"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "púyì",
      "word": "仆役"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "púcóng",
      "word": "僕從"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "púcóng",
      "word": "仆从"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "僕憎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "仆憎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "pú'ōu",
      "word": "僕歐"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "pú'ōu",
      "word": "仆欧"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "僕程"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "仆程"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gōngpú",
      "word": "公僕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gōngpú",
      "word": "公仆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "tàipú",
      "word": "太僕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "tàipú",
      "word": "太仆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "nǚpú",
      "word": "女僕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "nǚpú",
      "word": "女仆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "núpú",
      "word": "奴僕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "núpú",
      "word": "奴仆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "婢僕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "婢仆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jiāpú",
      "word": "家僕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jiāpú",
      "word": "家仆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "更僕難數"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "更仆难数"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "狼僕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "狼仆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "tóngpú",
      "word": "童僕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "tóngpú",
      "word": "童仆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "lǎopú",
      "word": "老僕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "lǎopú",
      "word": "老仆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "金僕姑"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "金仆姑"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "隸僕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "隶仆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "風塵僕僕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "风尘仆仆"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "Han pictograms"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "categorize"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "p",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "pictogram (象形)",
      "name": "liushu"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*其"
      },
      "expansion": "其",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*辛"
      },
      "expansion": "辛",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": ",",
      "name": ","
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*尾"
      },
      "expansion": "尾",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*其"
      },
      "expansion": "其",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*甾"
      },
      "expansion": "甾",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*廾"
      },
      "expansion": "廾",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*辛"
      },
      "expansion": "辛",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*人"
      },
      "expansion": "人",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*辛"
      },
      "expansion": "辛",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*丵"
      },
      "expansion": "丵",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*甾"
      },
      "expansion": "甾",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*廾"
      },
      "expansion": "廾",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "菐"
      },
      "expansion": "菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "categorize"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "psc",
        "adj": "",
        "nocap": "1",
        "pron": "OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ"
      },
      "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)",
      "name": "liushu"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "人",
        "2": "菐",
        "c1": "s",
        "c2": "p",
        "ls": "psc",
        "nocap": "1",
        "t1": "man"
      },
      "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)",
      "name": "Han compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bo",
        "2": "བུ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "son; boy"
      },
      "expansion": "Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Coblin, 1986"
      },
      "expansion": "Coblin, 1986",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)"
      },
      "expansion": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bo",
        "2": "ཕྲུག",
        "3": "",
        "4": "child"
      },
      "expansion": "Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "仆",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "㒒"
    },
    {
      "form": "䑑"
    },
    {
      "form": "仆"
    },
    {
      "form": "𢖃"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "僕",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 9 4 36 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 4 8 24 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese hanzi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 4 8 24 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 3 2 29 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 3 2 23 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Eastern Min hanzi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 3 2 23 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Eastern Min pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 0 1 26 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Chinese hanzi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 0 1 26 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Chinese pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 3 2 23 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Northern Min hanzi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 3 2 23 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Northern Min pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 0 1 26 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Chinese hanzi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 0 1 26 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Chinese pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "coordinate_terms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
          "roman": "bì",
          "sense": "slave",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "婢"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "servant",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "púrén",
          "text": "僕人",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "servant",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "púrén",
          "text": "仆人",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "servant; slave (often male)"
      ],
      "id": "en-僕-zh-character-cUsP9DHQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "servant",
          "servant"
        ],
        [
          "slave",
          "slave"
        ],
        [
          "male",
          "male"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "I; me; your humble servant"
      ],
      "id": "en-僕-zh-character-oY-2cMlW",
      "links": [
        [
          "humble",
          "humble"
        ],
        [
          "I",
          "I"
        ],
        [
          "me",
          "me"
        ],
        [
          "servant",
          "servant"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "men's speech",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "humble",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "coachman; groom"
      ],
      "id": "en-僕-zh-character-x-dLq4FJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "coachman",
          "coachman"
        ],
        [
          "groom",
          "groom"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) coachman; groom"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 9 4 36 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 4 8 24 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese hanzi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 4 8 24 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 3 2 29 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 3 2 23 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Eastern Min hanzi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 3 2 23 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Eastern Min pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 0 1 26 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Chinese hanzi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 0 1 26 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Chinese pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 3 2 23 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Northern Min hanzi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 3 2 23 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Northern Min pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 0 1 26 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Chinese hanzi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 0 1 26 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Chinese pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Pre-Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
          "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "君子萬年，景命有僕。",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Pre-Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
          "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "君子万年，景命有仆。",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to attach; to adhere"
      ],
      "id": "en-僕-zh-character-eGirH4z9",
      "links": [
        [
          "attach",
          "attach"
        ],
        [
          "adhere",
          "adhere"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) to attach; to adhere"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese surnames",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 9 4 36 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 4 8 24 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese hanzi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 4 8 24 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 3 2 29 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 3 2 23 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Eastern Min hanzi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 3 2 23 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Eastern Min pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 0 1 26 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Chinese hanzi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 0 1 26 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Chinese pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 3 2 23 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Northern Min hanzi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 3 2 23 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Northern Min pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 0 1 26 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Chinese hanzi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 0 1 26 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Chinese pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a surname"
      ],
      "id": "en-僕-zh-character-v2O7m9sM",
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "Sichuanese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "buk⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phuk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phu̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pug⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pah⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "peh⁵"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "pŭ"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "bŭk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "po̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bog⁸"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁸boq"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "pu⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pʻu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pwu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "пу"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰu²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "buhk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "buk⁹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bug⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʊk̚²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phuk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phu̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pug^ˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pug"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pug⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pug⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pu^ˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pu²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pah⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "peh⁵"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taiyuan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taiyuan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pŭ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bŭk"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/puʔ⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "po̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pok"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "po̍k"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pok̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁸boq"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "boh^入"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁵boq"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/boʔ¹²/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Wiktionary-specific",
        "Xiang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pu⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Xiang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "buwk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bowk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*[b]ˤok/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*boːɡ/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*buːɡ/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ phu̍k /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰu²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʊk̚²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/puʔ⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pok̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/boʔ¹²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[b]"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*boːɡ/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*buːɡ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "僕"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese hanzi",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese pronouns",
    "Chinese proper nouns",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 僕",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Chinese verbs",
    "Eastern Min hanzi",
    "Eastern Min lemmas",
    "Eastern Min nouns",
    "Eastern Min pronouns",
    "Eastern Min proper nouns",
    "Eastern Min verbs",
    "Middle Chinese hanzi",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "Middle Chinese nouns",
    "Middle Chinese pronouns",
    "Middle Chinese proper nouns",
    "Middle Chinese verbs",
    "Northern Min hanzi",
    "Northern Min lemmas",
    "Northern Min nouns",
    "Northern Min pronouns",
    "Northern Min proper nouns",
    "Northern Min verbs",
    "Old Chinese hanzi",
    "Old Chinese lemmas",
    "Old Chinese nouns",
    "Old Chinese pronouns",
    "Old Chinese proper nouns",
    "Old Chinese verbs",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "roman": "bì",
      "sense": "slave",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "婢"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "zhǔpú",
      "word": "主僕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhǔpú",
      "word": "主仆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "púrén",
      "word": "僕人"
    },
    {
      "roman": "púrén",
      "word": "仆人"
    },
    {
      "word": "僕使"
    },
    {
      "word": "仆使"
    },
    {
      "word": "僕僕"
    },
    {
      "word": "仆仆"
    },
    {
      "word": "僮僕"
    },
    {
      "word": "僮仆"
    },
    {
      "word": "僕僮成群"
    },
    {
      "word": "仆僮成群"
    },
    {
      "word": "僕僕風塵"
    },
    {
      "word": "仆仆风尘"
    },
    {
      "word": "僕吏"
    },
    {
      "word": "仆吏"
    },
    {
      "word": "僕固懷恩"
    },
    {
      "word": "仆固怀恩"
    },
    {
      "word": "僕夫"
    },
    {
      "word": "仆夫"
    },
    {
      "word": "僕姑"
    },
    {
      "word": "仆姑"
    },
    {
      "word": "僕婦"
    },
    {
      "word": "仆妇"
    },
    {
      "roman": "púyè",
      "word": "僕射"
    },
    {
      "roman": "púyè",
      "word": "仆射"
    },
    {
      "word": "僕射姑"
    },
    {
      "word": "仆射姑"
    },
    {
      "roman": "púyì",
      "word": "僕役"
    },
    {
      "roman": "púyì",
      "word": "仆役"
    },
    {
      "roman": "púcóng",
      "word": "僕從"
    },
    {
      "roman": "púcóng",
      "word": "仆从"
    },
    {
      "word": "僕憎"
    },
    {
      "word": "仆憎"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pú'ōu",
      "word": "僕歐"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pú'ōu",
      "word": "仆欧"
    },
    {
      "word": "僕程"
    },
    {
      "word": "仆程"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gōngpú",
      "word": "公僕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gōngpú",
      "word": "公仆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tàipú",
      "word": "太僕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tàipú",
      "word": "太仆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nǚpú",
      "word": "女僕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nǚpú",
      "word": "女仆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "núpú",
      "word": "奴僕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "núpú",
      "word": "奴仆"
    },
    {
      "word": "婢僕"
    },
    {
      "word": "婢仆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiāpú",
      "word": "家僕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiāpú",
      "word": "家仆"
    },
    {
      "word": "更僕難數"
    },
    {
      "word": "更仆难数"
    },
    {
      "word": "狼僕"
    },
    {
      "word": "狼仆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tóngpú",
      "word": "童僕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tóngpú",
      "word": "童仆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "lǎopú",
      "word": "老僕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "lǎopú",
      "word": "老仆"
    },
    {
      "word": "金僕姑"
    },
    {
      "word": "金仆姑"
    },
    {
      "word": "隸僕"
    },
    {
      "word": "隶仆"
    },
    {
      "word": "風塵僕僕"
    },
    {
      "word": "风尘仆仆"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "Han pictograms"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "categorize"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "p",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "pictogram (象形)",
      "name": "liushu"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*其"
      },
      "expansion": "其",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*辛"
      },
      "expansion": "辛",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": ",",
      "name": ","
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*尾"
      },
      "expansion": "尾",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*其"
      },
      "expansion": "其",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*甾"
      },
      "expansion": "甾",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*廾"
      },
      "expansion": "廾",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*辛"
      },
      "expansion": "辛",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*人"
      },
      "expansion": "人",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*辛"
      },
      "expansion": "辛",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*丵"
      },
      "expansion": "丵",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*甾"
      },
      "expansion": "甾",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*廾"
      },
      "expansion": "廾",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "菐"
      },
      "expansion": "菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "categorize"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "psc",
        "adj": "",
        "nocap": "1",
        "pron": "OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ"
      },
      "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)",
      "name": "liushu"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "人",
        "2": "菐",
        "c1": "s",
        "c2": "p",
        "ls": "psc",
        "nocap": "1",
        "t1": "man"
      },
      "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)",
      "name": "Han compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bo",
        "2": "བུ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "son; boy"
      },
      "expansion": "Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Coblin, 1986"
      },
      "expansion": "Coblin, 1986",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)"
      },
      "expansion": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bo",
        "2": "ཕྲུག",
        "3": "",
        "4": "child"
      },
      "expansion": "Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "仆",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "㒒"
    },
    {
      "form": "䑑"
    },
    {
      "form": "仆"
    },
    {
      "form": "𢖃"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "僕",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Mandarin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "servant",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "púrén",
          "text": "僕人",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "servant",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "púrén",
          "text": "仆人",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "servant; slave (often male)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "servant",
          "servant"
        ],
        [
          "slave",
          "slave"
        ],
        [
          "male",
          "male"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese humble terms",
        "Chinese literary terms",
        "Chinese men's speech terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "I; me; your humble servant"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "humble",
          "humble"
        ],
        [
          "I",
          "I"
        ],
        [
          "me",
          "me"
        ],
        [
          "servant",
          "servant"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "men's speech",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "humble",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "coachman; groom"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "coachman",
          "coachman"
        ],
        [
          "groom",
          "groom"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) coachman; groom"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese terms with obsolete senses",
        "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Pre-Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
          "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "君子萬年，景命有僕。",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Pre-Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
          "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "君子万年，景命有仆。",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to attach; to adhere"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "attach",
          "attach"
        ],
        [
          "adhere",
          "adhere"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) to attach; to adhere"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese surnames"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a surname"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "Sichuanese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "buk⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phuk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phu̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pug⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pah⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "peh⁵"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "pŭ"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "bŭk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "po̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bog⁸"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁸boq"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "pu⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pʻu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pwu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "пу"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰu²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "buhk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "buk⁹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bug⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʊk̚²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phuk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phu̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pug^ˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pug"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pug⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pug⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pu^ˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pu²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pah⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "peh⁵"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taiyuan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taiyuan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pŭ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bŭk"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/puʔ⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "po̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pok"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "po̍k"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pok̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁸boq"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "boh^入"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁵boq"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/boʔ¹²/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Wiktionary-specific",
        "Xiang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pu⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Xiang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "buwk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bowk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*[b]ˤok/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*boːɡ/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*buːɡ/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ phu̍k /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰu²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʊk̚²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/puʔ⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pok̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/boʔ¹²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[b]"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*boːɡ/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*buːɡ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "僕"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 僕 meaning in Chinese (13.8kB)

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{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese pronouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 僕\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Chinese verbs\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min pronouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min verbs\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese pronouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Middle Chinese verbs\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Northern Min pronouns\", \"Northern Min proper nouns\", \"Northern Min verbs\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese pronouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese verbs\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"coordinate_terms\": [{\"roman\": \"bì\", \"sense\": \"slave\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"婢\"}], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"僕人\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"仆人\"}, {\"word\": \"僕使\"}, {\"word\": \"仆使\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僮僕\"}, {\"word\": \"僮仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"仆僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕風塵\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆风尘\"}, {\"word\": \"僕吏\"}, {\"word\": \"仆吏\"}, {\"word\": \"僕固懷恩\"}, {\"word\": \"仆固怀恩\"}, {\"word\": \"僕夫\"}, {\"word\": \"仆夫\"}, {\"word\": \"僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"僕婦\"}, {\"word\": \"仆妇\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"僕射\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"仆射\"}, {\"word\": \"僕射姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆射姑\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"僕役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"仆役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"僕從\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"仆从\"}, {\"word\": \"僕憎\"}, {\"word\": \"仆憎\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"僕歐\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"仆欧\"}, {\"word\": \"僕程\"}, {\"word\": \"仆程\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴仆\"}, {\"word\": \"婢僕\"}, {\"word\": \"婢仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家仆\"}, {\"word\": \"更僕難數\"}, {\"word\": \"更仆难数\"}, {\"word\": \"狼僕\"}, {\"word\": \"狼仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老仆\"}, {\"word\": \"金僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"金仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"隸僕\"}, {\"word\": \"隶仆\"}, {\"word\": \"風塵僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"风尘仆仆\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han pictograms\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"p\", \"nocap\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"pictogram (象形)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \",\", \"name\": \",\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*尾\"}, \"expansion\": \"尾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*人\"}, \"expansion\": \"人\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*丵\"}, \"expansion\": \"丵\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"菐\"}, \"expansion\": \"菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"人\", \"2\": \"菐\", \"c1\": \"s\", \"c2\": \"p\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"man\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བུ\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"son; boy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Coblin, 1986\"}, \"expansion\": \"Coblin, 1986\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཕྲུག\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"child\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"仆\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}, {\"form\": \"㒒\"}, {\"form\": \"䑑\"}, {\"form\": \"仆\"}, {\"form\": \"𢖃\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"僕\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"僕人\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"仆人\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"servant; slave (often male)\"], \"links\": [[\"servant\", \"servant\"], [\"slave\", \"slave\"], [\"male\", \"male\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese humble terms\", \"Chinese literary terms\", \"Chinese men's speech terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"I; me; your humble servant\"], \"links\": [[\"humble\", \"humble\"], [\"I\", \"I\"], [\"me\", \"me\"], [\"servant\", \"servant\"]], \"qualifier\": \"men's speech\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant\"], \"tags\": [\"humble\", \"literary\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"coachman; groom\"], \"links\": [[\"coachman\", \"coachman\"], [\"groom\", \"groom\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) coachman; groom\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子萬年，景命有僕。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子万年，景命有仆。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"to attach; to adhere\"], \"links\": [[\"attach\", \"attach\"], [\"adhere\", \"adhere\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) to attach; to adhere\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese surnames\"], \"glosses\": [\"a surname\"], \"links\": [[\"surname\", \"surname\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bog⁸\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pʻu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pwu\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"пу\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buhk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu^ˇ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"boh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁵boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buwk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bowk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[b]ˤok/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ phu̍k /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[b]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"僕\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "僕",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese pronouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 僕\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Chinese verbs\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min pronouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min verbs\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese pronouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Middle Chinese verbs\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Northern Min pronouns\", \"Northern Min proper nouns\", \"Northern Min verbs\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese pronouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese verbs\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"coordinate_terms\": [{\"roman\": \"bì\", \"sense\": \"slave\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"婢\"}], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"僕人\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"仆人\"}, {\"word\": \"僕使\"}, {\"word\": \"仆使\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僮僕\"}, {\"word\": \"僮仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"仆僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕風塵\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆风尘\"}, {\"word\": \"僕吏\"}, {\"word\": \"仆吏\"}, {\"word\": \"僕固懷恩\"}, {\"word\": \"仆固怀恩\"}, {\"word\": \"僕夫\"}, {\"word\": \"仆夫\"}, {\"word\": \"僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"僕婦\"}, {\"word\": \"仆妇\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"僕射\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"仆射\"}, {\"word\": \"僕射姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆射姑\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"僕役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"仆役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"僕從\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"仆从\"}, {\"word\": \"僕憎\"}, {\"word\": \"仆憎\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"僕歐\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"仆欧\"}, {\"word\": \"僕程\"}, {\"word\": \"仆程\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴仆\"}, {\"word\": \"婢僕\"}, {\"word\": \"婢仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家仆\"}, {\"word\": \"更僕難數\"}, {\"word\": \"更仆难数\"}, {\"word\": \"狼僕\"}, {\"word\": \"狼仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老仆\"}, {\"word\": \"金僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"金仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"隸僕\"}, {\"word\": \"隶仆\"}, {\"word\": \"風塵僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"风尘仆仆\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han pictograms\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"p\", \"nocap\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"pictogram (象形)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \",\", \"name\": \",\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*尾\"}, \"expansion\": \"尾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*人\"}, \"expansion\": \"人\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*丵\"}, \"expansion\": \"丵\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"菐\"}, \"expansion\": \"菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"人\", \"2\": \"菐\", \"c1\": \"s\", \"c2\": \"p\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"man\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བུ\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"son; boy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Coblin, 1986\"}, \"expansion\": \"Coblin, 1986\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཕྲུག\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"child\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"仆\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}, {\"form\": \"㒒\"}, {\"form\": \"䑑\"}, {\"form\": \"仆\"}, {\"form\": \"𢖃\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"僕\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"僕人\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"仆人\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"servant; slave (often male)\"], \"links\": [[\"servant\", \"servant\"], [\"slave\", \"slave\"], [\"male\", \"male\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese humble terms\", \"Chinese literary terms\", \"Chinese men's speech terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"I; me; your humble servant\"], \"links\": [[\"humble\", \"humble\"], [\"I\", \"I\"], [\"me\", \"me\"], [\"servant\", \"servant\"]], \"qualifier\": \"men's speech\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant\"], \"tags\": [\"humble\", \"literary\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"coachman; groom\"], \"links\": [[\"coachman\", \"coachman\"], [\"groom\", \"groom\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) coachman; groom\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子萬年，景命有僕。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子万年，景命有仆。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"to attach; to adhere\"], \"links\": [[\"attach\", \"attach\"], [\"adhere\", \"adhere\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) to attach; to adhere\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese surnames\"], \"glosses\": [\"a surname\"], \"links\": [[\"surname\", \"surname\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bog⁸\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pʻu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pwu\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"пу\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buhk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu^ˇ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"boh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁵boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buwk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bowk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[b]ˤok/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ phu̍k /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[b]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"僕\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "僕",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese pronouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 僕\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Chinese verbs\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min pronouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min verbs\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese pronouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Middle Chinese verbs\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Northern Min pronouns\", \"Northern Min proper nouns\", \"Northern Min verbs\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese pronouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese verbs\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"coordinate_terms\": [{\"roman\": \"bì\", \"sense\": \"slave\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"婢\"}], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"僕人\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"仆人\"}, {\"word\": \"僕使\"}, {\"word\": \"仆使\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僮僕\"}, {\"word\": \"僮仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"仆僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕風塵\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆风尘\"}, {\"word\": \"僕吏\"}, {\"word\": \"仆吏\"}, {\"word\": \"僕固懷恩\"}, {\"word\": \"仆固怀恩\"}, {\"word\": \"僕夫\"}, {\"word\": \"仆夫\"}, {\"word\": \"僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"僕婦\"}, {\"word\": \"仆妇\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"僕射\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"仆射\"}, {\"word\": \"僕射姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆射姑\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"僕役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"仆役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"僕從\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"仆从\"}, {\"word\": \"僕憎\"}, {\"word\": \"仆憎\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"僕歐\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"仆欧\"}, {\"word\": \"僕程\"}, {\"word\": \"仆程\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴仆\"}, {\"word\": \"婢僕\"}, {\"word\": \"婢仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家仆\"}, {\"word\": \"更僕難數\"}, {\"word\": \"更仆难数\"}, {\"word\": \"狼僕\"}, {\"word\": \"狼仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老仆\"}, {\"word\": \"金僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"金仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"隸僕\"}, {\"word\": \"隶仆\"}, {\"word\": \"風塵僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"风尘仆仆\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han pictograms\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"p\", \"nocap\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"pictogram (象形)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \",\", \"name\": \",\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*尾\"}, \"expansion\": \"尾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*人\"}, \"expansion\": \"人\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*丵\"}, \"expansion\": \"丵\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"菐\"}, \"expansion\": \"菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"人\", \"2\": \"菐\", \"c1\": \"s\", \"c2\": \"p\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"man\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བུ\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"son; boy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Coblin, 1986\"}, \"expansion\": \"Coblin, 1986\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཕྲུག\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"child\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"仆\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}, {\"form\": \"㒒\"}, {\"form\": \"䑑\"}, {\"form\": \"仆\"}, {\"form\": \"𢖃\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"僕\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"僕人\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"仆人\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"servant; slave (often male)\"], \"links\": [[\"servant\", \"servant\"], [\"slave\", \"slave\"], [\"male\", \"male\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese humble terms\", \"Chinese literary terms\", \"Chinese men's speech terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"I; me; your humble servant\"], \"links\": [[\"humble\", \"humble\"], [\"I\", \"I\"], [\"me\", \"me\"], [\"servant\", \"servant\"]], \"qualifier\": \"men's speech\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant\"], \"tags\": [\"humble\", \"literary\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"coachman; groom\"], \"links\": [[\"coachman\", \"coachman\"], [\"groom\", \"groom\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) coachman; groom\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子萬年，景命有僕。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子万年，景命有仆。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"to attach; to adhere\"], \"links\": [[\"attach\", \"attach\"], [\"adhere\", \"adhere\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) to attach; to adhere\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese surnames\"], \"glosses\": [\"a surname\"], \"links\": [[\"surname\", \"surname\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bog⁸\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pʻu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pwu\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"пу\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buhk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu^ˇ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"boh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁵boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buwk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bowk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[b]ˤok/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ phu̍k /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[b]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"僕\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "僕",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese pronouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 僕\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Chinese verbs\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min pronouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min verbs\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese pronouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Middle Chinese verbs\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Northern Min pronouns\", \"Northern Min proper nouns\", \"Northern Min verbs\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese pronouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese verbs\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"coordinate_terms\": [{\"roman\": \"bì\", \"sense\": \"slave\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"婢\"}], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"僕人\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"仆人\"}, {\"word\": \"僕使\"}, {\"word\": \"仆使\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僮僕\"}, {\"word\": \"僮仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"仆僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕風塵\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆风尘\"}, {\"word\": \"僕吏\"}, {\"word\": \"仆吏\"}, {\"word\": \"僕固懷恩\"}, {\"word\": \"仆固怀恩\"}, {\"word\": \"僕夫\"}, {\"word\": \"仆夫\"}, {\"word\": \"僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"僕婦\"}, {\"word\": \"仆妇\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"僕射\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"仆射\"}, {\"word\": \"僕射姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆射姑\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"僕役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"仆役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"僕從\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"仆从\"}, {\"word\": \"僕憎\"}, {\"word\": \"仆憎\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"僕歐\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"仆欧\"}, {\"word\": \"僕程\"}, {\"word\": \"仆程\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴仆\"}, {\"word\": \"婢僕\"}, {\"word\": \"婢仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家仆\"}, {\"word\": \"更僕難數\"}, {\"word\": \"更仆难数\"}, {\"word\": \"狼僕\"}, {\"word\": \"狼仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老仆\"}, {\"word\": \"金僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"金仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"隸僕\"}, {\"word\": \"隶仆\"}, {\"word\": \"風塵僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"风尘仆仆\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han pictograms\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"p\", \"nocap\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"pictogram (象形)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \",\", \"name\": \",\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*尾\"}, \"expansion\": \"尾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*人\"}, \"expansion\": \"人\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*丵\"}, \"expansion\": \"丵\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"菐\"}, \"expansion\": \"菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"人\", \"2\": \"菐\", \"c1\": \"s\", \"c2\": \"p\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"man\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བུ\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"son; boy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Coblin, 1986\"}, \"expansion\": \"Coblin, 1986\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཕྲུག\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"child\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"仆\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}, {\"form\": \"㒒\"}, {\"form\": \"䑑\"}, {\"form\": \"仆\"}, {\"form\": \"𢖃\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"僕\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"僕人\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"仆人\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"servant; slave (often male)\"], \"links\": [[\"servant\", \"servant\"], [\"slave\", \"slave\"], [\"male\", \"male\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese humble terms\", \"Chinese literary terms\", \"Chinese men's speech terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"I; me; your humble servant\"], \"links\": [[\"humble\", \"humble\"], [\"I\", \"I\"], [\"me\", \"me\"], [\"servant\", \"servant\"]], \"qualifier\": \"men's speech\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant\"], \"tags\": [\"humble\", \"literary\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"coachman; groom\"], \"links\": [[\"coachman\", \"coachman\"], [\"groom\", \"groom\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) coachman; groom\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子萬年，景命有僕。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子万年，景命有仆。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"to attach; to adhere\"], \"links\": [[\"attach\", \"attach\"], [\"adhere\", \"adhere\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) to attach; to adhere\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese surnames\"], \"glosses\": [\"a surname\"], \"links\": [[\"surname\", \"surname\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bog⁸\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pʻu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pwu\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"пу\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buhk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu^ˇ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"boh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁵boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buwk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bowk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[b]ˤok/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ phu̍k /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[b]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"僕\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "僕",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese pronouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 僕\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Chinese verbs\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min pronouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min verbs\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese pronouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Middle Chinese verbs\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Northern Min pronouns\", \"Northern Min proper nouns\", \"Northern Min verbs\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese pronouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese verbs\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"coordinate_terms\": [{\"roman\": \"bì\", \"sense\": \"slave\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"婢\"}], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"僕人\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"仆人\"}, {\"word\": \"僕使\"}, {\"word\": \"仆使\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僮僕\"}, {\"word\": \"僮仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"仆僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕風塵\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆风尘\"}, {\"word\": \"僕吏\"}, {\"word\": \"仆吏\"}, {\"word\": \"僕固懷恩\"}, {\"word\": \"仆固怀恩\"}, {\"word\": \"僕夫\"}, {\"word\": \"仆夫\"}, {\"word\": \"僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"僕婦\"}, {\"word\": \"仆妇\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"僕射\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"仆射\"}, {\"word\": \"僕射姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆射姑\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"僕役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"仆役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"僕從\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"仆从\"}, {\"word\": \"僕憎\"}, {\"word\": \"仆憎\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"僕歐\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"仆欧\"}, {\"word\": \"僕程\"}, {\"word\": \"仆程\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴仆\"}, {\"word\": \"婢僕\"}, {\"word\": \"婢仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家仆\"}, {\"word\": \"更僕難數\"}, {\"word\": \"更仆难数\"}, {\"word\": \"狼僕\"}, {\"word\": \"狼仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老仆\"}, {\"word\": \"金僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"金仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"隸僕\"}, {\"word\": \"隶仆\"}, {\"word\": \"風塵僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"风尘仆仆\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han pictograms\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"p\", \"nocap\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"pictogram (象形)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \",\", \"name\": \",\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*尾\"}, \"expansion\": \"尾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*人\"}, \"expansion\": \"人\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*丵\"}, \"expansion\": \"丵\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"菐\"}, \"expansion\": \"菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"人\", \"2\": \"菐\", \"c1\": \"s\", \"c2\": \"p\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"man\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བུ\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"son; boy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Coblin, 1986\"}, \"expansion\": \"Coblin, 1986\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཕྲུག\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"child\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"仆\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}, {\"form\": \"㒒\"}, {\"form\": \"䑑\"}, {\"form\": \"仆\"}, {\"form\": \"𢖃\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"僕\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"僕人\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"仆人\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"servant; slave (often male)\"], \"links\": [[\"servant\", \"servant\"], [\"slave\", \"slave\"], [\"male\", \"male\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese humble terms\", \"Chinese literary terms\", \"Chinese men's speech terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"I; me; your humble servant\"], \"links\": [[\"humble\", \"humble\"], [\"I\", \"I\"], [\"me\", \"me\"], [\"servant\", \"servant\"]], \"qualifier\": \"men's speech\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant\"], \"tags\": [\"humble\", \"literary\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"coachman; groom\"], \"links\": [[\"coachman\", \"coachman\"], [\"groom\", \"groom\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) coachman; groom\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子萬年，景命有僕。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子万年，景命有仆。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"to attach; to adhere\"], \"links\": [[\"attach\", \"attach\"], [\"adhere\", \"adhere\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) to attach; to adhere\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese surnames\"], \"glosses\": [\"a surname\"], \"links\": [[\"surname\", \"surname\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bog⁸\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pʻu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pwu\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"пу\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buhk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu^ˇ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"boh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁵boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buwk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bowk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[b]ˤok/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ phu̍k /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[b]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"僕\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "僕",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese pronouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 僕\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Chinese verbs\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min pronouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min verbs\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese pronouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Middle Chinese verbs\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Northern Min pronouns\", \"Northern Min proper nouns\", \"Northern Min verbs\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese pronouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese verbs\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"coordinate_terms\": [{\"roman\": \"bì\", \"sense\": \"slave\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"婢\"}], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"僕人\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"仆人\"}, {\"word\": \"僕使\"}, {\"word\": \"仆使\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僮僕\"}, {\"word\": \"僮仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"仆僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕風塵\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆风尘\"}, {\"word\": \"僕吏\"}, {\"word\": \"仆吏\"}, {\"word\": \"僕固懷恩\"}, {\"word\": \"仆固怀恩\"}, {\"word\": \"僕夫\"}, {\"word\": \"仆夫\"}, {\"word\": \"僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"僕婦\"}, {\"word\": \"仆妇\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"僕射\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"仆射\"}, {\"word\": \"僕射姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆射姑\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"僕役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"仆役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"僕從\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"仆从\"}, {\"word\": \"僕憎\"}, {\"word\": \"仆憎\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"僕歐\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"仆欧\"}, {\"word\": \"僕程\"}, {\"word\": \"仆程\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴仆\"}, {\"word\": \"婢僕\"}, {\"word\": \"婢仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家仆\"}, {\"word\": \"更僕難數\"}, {\"word\": \"更仆难数\"}, {\"word\": \"狼僕\"}, {\"word\": \"狼仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老仆\"}, {\"word\": \"金僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"金仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"隸僕\"}, {\"word\": \"隶仆\"}, {\"word\": \"風塵僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"风尘仆仆\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han pictograms\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"p\", \"nocap\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"pictogram (象形)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \",\", \"name\": \",\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*尾\"}, \"expansion\": \"尾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*人\"}, \"expansion\": \"人\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*丵\"}, \"expansion\": \"丵\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"菐\"}, \"expansion\": \"菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"人\", \"2\": \"菐\", \"c1\": \"s\", \"c2\": \"p\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"man\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བུ\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"son; boy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Coblin, 1986\"}, \"expansion\": \"Coblin, 1986\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཕྲུག\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"child\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"仆\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}, {\"form\": \"㒒\"}, {\"form\": \"䑑\"}, {\"form\": \"仆\"}, {\"form\": \"𢖃\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"僕\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"僕人\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"仆人\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"servant; slave (often male)\"], \"links\": [[\"servant\", \"servant\"], [\"slave\", \"slave\"], [\"male\", \"male\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese humble terms\", \"Chinese literary terms\", \"Chinese men's speech terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"I; me; your humble servant\"], \"links\": [[\"humble\", \"humble\"], [\"I\", \"I\"], [\"me\", \"me\"], [\"servant\", \"servant\"]], \"qualifier\": \"men's speech\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant\"], \"tags\": [\"humble\", \"literary\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"coachman; groom\"], \"links\": [[\"coachman\", \"coachman\"], [\"groom\", \"groom\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) coachman; groom\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子萬年，景命有僕。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子万年，景命有仆。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"to attach; to adhere\"], \"links\": [[\"attach\", \"attach\"], [\"adhere\", \"adhere\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) to attach; to adhere\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese surnames\"], \"glosses\": [\"a surname\"], \"links\": [[\"surname\", \"surname\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bog⁸\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pʻu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pwu\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"пу\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buhk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu^ˇ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"boh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁵boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buwk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bowk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[b]ˤok/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ phu̍k /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[b]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"僕\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "僕",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese pronouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 僕\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Chinese verbs\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min pronouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min verbs\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese pronouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Middle Chinese verbs\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Northern Min pronouns\", \"Northern Min proper nouns\", \"Northern Min verbs\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese pronouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese verbs\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"coordinate_terms\": [{\"roman\": \"bì\", \"sense\": \"slave\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"婢\"}], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"僕人\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"仆人\"}, {\"word\": \"僕使\"}, {\"word\": \"仆使\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僮僕\"}, {\"word\": \"僮仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"仆僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕風塵\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆风尘\"}, {\"word\": \"僕吏\"}, {\"word\": \"仆吏\"}, {\"word\": \"僕固懷恩\"}, {\"word\": \"仆固怀恩\"}, {\"word\": \"僕夫\"}, {\"word\": \"仆夫\"}, {\"word\": \"僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"僕婦\"}, {\"word\": \"仆妇\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"僕射\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"仆射\"}, {\"word\": \"僕射姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆射姑\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"僕役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"仆役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"僕從\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"仆从\"}, {\"word\": \"僕憎\"}, {\"word\": \"仆憎\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"僕歐\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"仆欧\"}, {\"word\": \"僕程\"}, {\"word\": \"仆程\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴仆\"}, {\"word\": \"婢僕\"}, {\"word\": \"婢仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家仆\"}, {\"word\": \"更僕難數\"}, {\"word\": \"更仆难数\"}, {\"word\": \"狼僕\"}, {\"word\": \"狼仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老仆\"}, {\"word\": \"金僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"金仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"隸僕\"}, {\"word\": \"隶仆\"}, {\"word\": \"風塵僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"风尘仆仆\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han pictograms\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"p\", \"nocap\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"pictogram (象形)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \",\", \"name\": \",\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*尾\"}, \"expansion\": \"尾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*人\"}, \"expansion\": \"人\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*丵\"}, \"expansion\": \"丵\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"菐\"}, \"expansion\": \"菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"人\", \"2\": \"菐\", \"c1\": \"s\", \"c2\": \"p\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"man\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བུ\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"son; boy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Coblin, 1986\"}, \"expansion\": \"Coblin, 1986\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཕྲུག\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"child\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"仆\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}, {\"form\": \"㒒\"}, {\"form\": \"䑑\"}, {\"form\": \"仆\"}, {\"form\": \"𢖃\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"僕\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"僕人\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"仆人\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"servant; slave (often male)\"], \"links\": [[\"servant\", \"servant\"], [\"slave\", \"slave\"], [\"male\", \"male\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese humble terms\", \"Chinese literary terms\", \"Chinese men's speech terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"I; me; your humble servant\"], \"links\": [[\"humble\", \"humble\"], [\"I\", \"I\"], [\"me\", \"me\"], [\"servant\", \"servant\"]], \"qualifier\": \"men's speech\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant\"], \"tags\": [\"humble\", \"literary\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"coachman; groom\"], \"links\": [[\"coachman\", \"coachman\"], [\"groom\", \"groom\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) coachman; groom\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子萬年，景命有僕。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子万年，景命有仆。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"to attach; to adhere\"], \"links\": [[\"attach\", \"attach\"], [\"adhere\", \"adhere\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) to attach; to adhere\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese surnames\"], \"glosses\": [\"a surname\"], \"links\": [[\"surname\", \"surname\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bog⁸\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pʻu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pwu\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"пу\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buhk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu^ˇ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"boh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁵boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buwk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bowk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[b]ˤok/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ phu̍k /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[b]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"僕\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "僕",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese pronouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 僕\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Chinese verbs\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min pronouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min verbs\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese pronouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Middle Chinese verbs\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Northern Min pronouns\", \"Northern Min proper nouns\", \"Northern Min verbs\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese pronouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese verbs\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"coordinate_terms\": [{\"roman\": \"bì\", \"sense\": \"slave\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"婢\"}], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"僕人\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"仆人\"}, {\"word\": \"僕使\"}, {\"word\": \"仆使\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僮僕\"}, {\"word\": \"僮仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"仆僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕風塵\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆风尘\"}, {\"word\": \"僕吏\"}, {\"word\": \"仆吏\"}, {\"word\": \"僕固懷恩\"}, {\"word\": \"仆固怀恩\"}, {\"word\": \"僕夫\"}, {\"word\": \"仆夫\"}, {\"word\": \"僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"僕婦\"}, {\"word\": \"仆妇\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"僕射\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"仆射\"}, {\"word\": \"僕射姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆射姑\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"僕役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"仆役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"僕從\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"仆从\"}, {\"word\": \"僕憎\"}, {\"word\": \"仆憎\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"僕歐\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"仆欧\"}, {\"word\": \"僕程\"}, {\"word\": \"仆程\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴仆\"}, {\"word\": \"婢僕\"}, {\"word\": \"婢仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家仆\"}, {\"word\": \"更僕難數\"}, {\"word\": \"更仆难数\"}, {\"word\": \"狼僕\"}, {\"word\": \"狼仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老仆\"}, {\"word\": \"金僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"金仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"隸僕\"}, {\"word\": \"隶仆\"}, {\"word\": \"風塵僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"风尘仆仆\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han pictograms\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"p\", \"nocap\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"pictogram (象形)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \",\", \"name\": \",\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*尾\"}, \"expansion\": \"尾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*人\"}, \"expansion\": \"人\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*丵\"}, \"expansion\": \"丵\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"菐\"}, \"expansion\": \"菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"人\", \"2\": \"菐\", \"c1\": \"s\", \"c2\": \"p\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"man\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བུ\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"son; boy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Coblin, 1986\"}, \"expansion\": \"Coblin, 1986\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཕྲུག\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"child\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"仆\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}, {\"form\": \"㒒\"}, {\"form\": \"䑑\"}, {\"form\": \"仆\"}, {\"form\": \"𢖃\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"僕\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"僕人\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"仆人\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"servant; slave (often male)\"], \"links\": [[\"servant\", \"servant\"], [\"slave\", \"slave\"], [\"male\", \"male\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese humble terms\", \"Chinese literary terms\", \"Chinese men's speech terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"I; me; your humble servant\"], \"links\": [[\"humble\", \"humble\"], [\"I\", \"I\"], [\"me\", \"me\"], [\"servant\", \"servant\"]], \"qualifier\": \"men's speech\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant\"], \"tags\": [\"humble\", \"literary\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"coachman; groom\"], \"links\": [[\"coachman\", \"coachman\"], [\"groom\", \"groom\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) coachman; groom\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子萬年，景命有僕。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子万年，景命有仆。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"to attach; to adhere\"], \"links\": [[\"attach\", \"attach\"], [\"adhere\", \"adhere\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) to attach; to adhere\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese surnames\"], \"glosses\": [\"a surname\"], \"links\": [[\"surname\", \"surname\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bog⁸\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pʻu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pwu\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"пу\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buhk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu^ˇ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"boh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁵boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buwk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bowk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[b]ˤok/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ phu̍k /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[b]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"僕\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "僕",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese pronouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 僕\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Chinese verbs\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min pronouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min verbs\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese pronouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Middle Chinese verbs\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Northern Min pronouns\", \"Northern Min proper nouns\", \"Northern Min verbs\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese pronouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese verbs\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"coordinate_terms\": [{\"roman\": \"bì\", \"sense\": \"slave\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"婢\"}], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"僕人\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"仆人\"}, {\"word\": \"僕使\"}, {\"word\": \"仆使\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僮僕\"}, {\"word\": \"僮仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"仆僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕風塵\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆风尘\"}, {\"word\": \"僕吏\"}, {\"word\": \"仆吏\"}, {\"word\": \"僕固懷恩\"}, {\"word\": \"仆固怀恩\"}, {\"word\": \"僕夫\"}, {\"word\": \"仆夫\"}, {\"word\": \"僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"僕婦\"}, {\"word\": \"仆妇\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"僕射\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"仆射\"}, {\"word\": \"僕射姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆射姑\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"僕役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"仆役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"僕從\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"仆从\"}, {\"word\": \"僕憎\"}, {\"word\": \"仆憎\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"僕歐\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"仆欧\"}, {\"word\": \"僕程\"}, {\"word\": \"仆程\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴仆\"}, {\"word\": \"婢僕\"}, {\"word\": \"婢仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家仆\"}, {\"word\": \"更僕難數\"}, {\"word\": \"更仆难数\"}, {\"word\": \"狼僕\"}, {\"word\": \"狼仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老仆\"}, {\"word\": \"金僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"金仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"隸僕\"}, {\"word\": \"隶仆\"}, {\"word\": \"風塵僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"风尘仆仆\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han pictograms\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"p\", \"nocap\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"pictogram (象形)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \",\", \"name\": \",\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*尾\"}, \"expansion\": \"尾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*人\"}, \"expansion\": \"人\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*丵\"}, \"expansion\": \"丵\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"菐\"}, \"expansion\": \"菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"人\", \"2\": \"菐\", \"c1\": \"s\", \"c2\": \"p\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"man\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བུ\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"son; boy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Coblin, 1986\"}, \"expansion\": \"Coblin, 1986\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཕྲུག\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"child\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"仆\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}, {\"form\": \"㒒\"}, {\"form\": \"䑑\"}, {\"form\": \"仆\"}, {\"form\": \"𢖃\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"僕\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"僕人\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"仆人\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"servant; slave (often male)\"], \"links\": [[\"servant\", \"servant\"], [\"slave\", \"slave\"], [\"male\", \"male\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese humble terms\", \"Chinese literary terms\", \"Chinese men's speech terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"I; me; your humble servant\"], \"links\": [[\"humble\", \"humble\"], [\"I\", \"I\"], [\"me\", \"me\"], [\"servant\", \"servant\"]], \"qualifier\": \"men's speech\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant\"], \"tags\": [\"humble\", \"literary\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"coachman; groom\"], \"links\": [[\"coachman\", \"coachman\"], [\"groom\", \"groom\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) coachman; groom\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子萬年，景命有僕。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子万年，景命有仆。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"to attach; to adhere\"], \"links\": [[\"attach\", \"attach\"], [\"adhere\", \"adhere\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) to attach; to adhere\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese surnames\"], \"glosses\": [\"a surname\"], \"links\": [[\"surname\", \"surname\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bog⁸\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pʻu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pwu\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"пу\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buhk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu^ˇ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"boh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁵boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buwk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bowk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[b]ˤok/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ phu̍k /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[b]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"僕\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "僕",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese pronouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 僕\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Chinese verbs\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min pronouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min verbs\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese pronouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Middle Chinese verbs\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Northern Min pronouns\", \"Northern Min proper nouns\", \"Northern Min verbs\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese pronouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese verbs\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"coordinate_terms\": [{\"roman\": \"bì\", \"sense\": \"slave\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"婢\"}], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"僕人\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"仆人\"}, {\"word\": \"僕使\"}, {\"word\": \"仆使\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僮僕\"}, {\"word\": \"僮仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"仆僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕風塵\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆风尘\"}, {\"word\": \"僕吏\"}, {\"word\": \"仆吏\"}, {\"word\": \"僕固懷恩\"}, {\"word\": \"仆固怀恩\"}, {\"word\": \"僕夫\"}, {\"word\": \"仆夫\"}, {\"word\": \"僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"僕婦\"}, {\"word\": \"仆妇\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"僕射\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"仆射\"}, {\"word\": \"僕射姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆射姑\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"僕役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"仆役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"僕從\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"仆从\"}, {\"word\": \"僕憎\"}, {\"word\": \"仆憎\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"僕歐\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"仆欧\"}, {\"word\": \"僕程\"}, {\"word\": \"仆程\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴仆\"}, {\"word\": \"婢僕\"}, {\"word\": \"婢仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家仆\"}, {\"word\": \"更僕難數\"}, {\"word\": \"更仆难数\"}, {\"word\": \"狼僕\"}, {\"word\": \"狼仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老仆\"}, {\"word\": \"金僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"金仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"隸僕\"}, {\"word\": \"隶仆\"}, {\"word\": \"風塵僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"风尘仆仆\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han pictograms\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"p\", \"nocap\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"pictogram (象形)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \",\", \"name\": \",\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*尾\"}, \"expansion\": \"尾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*人\"}, \"expansion\": \"人\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*丵\"}, \"expansion\": \"丵\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"菐\"}, \"expansion\": \"菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"人\", \"2\": \"菐\", \"c1\": \"s\", \"c2\": \"p\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"man\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བུ\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"son; boy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Coblin, 1986\"}, \"expansion\": \"Coblin, 1986\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཕྲུག\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"child\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"仆\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}, {\"form\": \"㒒\"}, {\"form\": \"䑑\"}, {\"form\": \"仆\"}, {\"form\": \"𢖃\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"僕\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"僕人\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"仆人\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"servant; slave (often male)\"], \"links\": [[\"servant\", \"servant\"], [\"slave\", \"slave\"], [\"male\", \"male\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese humble terms\", \"Chinese literary terms\", \"Chinese men's speech terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"I; me; your humble servant\"], \"links\": [[\"humble\", \"humble\"], [\"I\", \"I\"], [\"me\", \"me\"], [\"servant\", \"servant\"]], \"qualifier\": \"men's speech\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant\"], \"tags\": [\"humble\", \"literary\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"coachman; groom\"], \"links\": [[\"coachman\", \"coachman\"], [\"groom\", \"groom\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) coachman; groom\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子萬年，景命有僕。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子万年，景命有仆。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"to attach; to adhere\"], \"links\": [[\"attach\", \"attach\"], [\"adhere\", \"adhere\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) to attach; to adhere\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese surnames\"], \"glosses\": [\"a surname\"], \"links\": [[\"surname\", \"surname\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bog⁸\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pʻu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pwu\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"пу\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buhk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu^ˇ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"boh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁵boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buwk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bowk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[b]ˤok/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ phu̍k /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[b]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"僕\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "僕",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese pronouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 僕\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Chinese verbs\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min pronouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min verbs\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese pronouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Middle Chinese verbs\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Northern Min pronouns\", \"Northern Min proper nouns\", \"Northern Min verbs\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese pronouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese verbs\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"coordinate_terms\": [{\"roman\": \"bì\", \"sense\": \"slave\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"婢\"}], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"僕人\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"仆人\"}, {\"word\": \"僕使\"}, {\"word\": \"仆使\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僮僕\"}, {\"word\": \"僮仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"仆僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕風塵\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆风尘\"}, {\"word\": \"僕吏\"}, {\"word\": \"仆吏\"}, {\"word\": \"僕固懷恩\"}, {\"word\": \"仆固怀恩\"}, {\"word\": \"僕夫\"}, {\"word\": \"仆夫\"}, {\"word\": \"僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"僕婦\"}, {\"word\": \"仆妇\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"僕射\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"仆射\"}, {\"word\": \"僕射姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆射姑\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"僕役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"仆役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"僕從\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"仆从\"}, {\"word\": \"僕憎\"}, {\"word\": \"仆憎\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"僕歐\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"仆欧\"}, {\"word\": \"僕程\"}, {\"word\": \"仆程\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴仆\"}, {\"word\": \"婢僕\"}, {\"word\": \"婢仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家仆\"}, {\"word\": \"更僕難數\"}, {\"word\": \"更仆难数\"}, {\"word\": \"狼僕\"}, {\"word\": \"狼仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老仆\"}, {\"word\": \"金僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"金仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"隸僕\"}, {\"word\": \"隶仆\"}, {\"word\": \"風塵僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"风尘仆仆\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han pictograms\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"p\", \"nocap\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"pictogram (象形)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \",\", \"name\": \",\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*尾\"}, \"expansion\": \"尾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*人\"}, \"expansion\": \"人\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*丵\"}, \"expansion\": \"丵\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"菐\"}, \"expansion\": \"菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"人\", \"2\": \"菐\", \"c1\": \"s\", \"c2\": \"p\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"man\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བུ\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"son; boy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Coblin, 1986\"}, \"expansion\": \"Coblin, 1986\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཕྲུག\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"child\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"仆\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}, {\"form\": \"㒒\"}, {\"form\": \"䑑\"}, {\"form\": \"仆\"}, {\"form\": \"𢖃\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"僕\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"僕人\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"仆人\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"servant; slave (often male)\"], \"links\": [[\"servant\", \"servant\"], [\"slave\", \"slave\"], [\"male\", \"male\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese humble terms\", \"Chinese literary terms\", \"Chinese men's speech terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"I; me; your humble servant\"], \"links\": [[\"humble\", \"humble\"], [\"I\", \"I\"], [\"me\", \"me\"], [\"servant\", \"servant\"]], \"qualifier\": \"men's speech\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant\"], \"tags\": [\"humble\", \"literary\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"coachman; groom\"], \"links\": [[\"coachman\", \"coachman\"], [\"groom\", \"groom\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) coachman; groom\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子萬年，景命有僕。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子万年，景命有仆。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"to attach; to adhere\"], \"links\": [[\"attach\", \"attach\"], [\"adhere\", \"adhere\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) to attach; to adhere\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese surnames\"], \"glosses\": [\"a surname\"], \"links\": [[\"surname\", \"surname\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bog⁸\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pʻu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pwu\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"пу\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buhk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu^ˇ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"boh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁵boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buwk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bowk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[b]ˤok/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ phu̍k /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[b]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"僕\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "僕",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese pronouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 僕\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Chinese verbs\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min pronouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min verbs\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese pronouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Middle Chinese verbs\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Northern Min pronouns\", \"Northern Min proper nouns\", \"Northern Min verbs\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese pronouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese verbs\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"coordinate_terms\": [{\"roman\": \"bì\", \"sense\": \"slave\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"婢\"}], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhǔpú\", \"word\": \"主仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"僕人\"}, {\"roman\": \"púrén\", \"word\": \"仆人\"}, {\"word\": \"僕使\"}, {\"word\": \"仆使\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僮僕\"}, {\"word\": \"僮仆\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"仆僮成群\"}, {\"word\": \"僕僕風塵\"}, {\"word\": \"仆仆风尘\"}, {\"word\": \"僕吏\"}, {\"word\": \"仆吏\"}, {\"word\": \"僕固懷恩\"}, {\"word\": \"仆固怀恩\"}, {\"word\": \"僕夫\"}, {\"word\": \"仆夫\"}, {\"word\": \"僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"僕婦\"}, {\"word\": \"仆妇\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"僕射\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyè\", \"word\": \"仆射\"}, {\"word\": \"僕射姑\"}, {\"word\": \"仆射姑\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"僕役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púyì\", \"word\": \"仆役\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"僕從\"}, {\"roman\": \"púcóng\", \"word\": \"仆从\"}, {\"word\": \"僕憎\"}, {\"word\": \"仆憎\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"僕歐\"}, {\"roman\": \"pú'ōu\", \"word\": \"仆欧\"}, {\"word\": \"僕程\"}, {\"word\": \"仆程\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngpú\", \"word\": \"公仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tàipú\", \"word\": \"太仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"nǚpú\", \"word\": \"女仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"núpú\", \"word\": \"奴仆\"}, {\"word\": \"婢僕\"}, {\"word\": \"婢仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāpú\", \"word\": \"家仆\"}, {\"word\": \"更僕難數\"}, {\"word\": \"更仆难数\"}, {\"word\": \"狼僕\"}, {\"word\": \"狼仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngpú\", \"word\": \"童仆\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老僕\"}, {\"roman\": \"lǎopú\", \"word\": \"老仆\"}, {\"word\": \"金僕姑\"}, {\"word\": \"金仆姑\"}, {\"word\": \"隸僕\"}, {\"word\": \"隶仆\"}, {\"word\": \"風塵僕僕\"}, {\"word\": \"风尘仆仆\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han pictograms\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"p\", \"nocap\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"pictogram (象形)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \",\", \"name\": \",\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*尾\"}, \"expansion\": \"尾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*其\"}, \"expansion\": \"其\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*人\"}, \"expansion\": \"人\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*辛\"}, \"expansion\": \"辛\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*丵\"}, \"expansion\": \"丵\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*甾\"}, \"expansion\": \"甾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"*廾\"}, \"expansion\": \"廾\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"菐\"}, \"expansion\": \"菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"人\", \"2\": \"菐\", \"c1\": \"s\", \"c2\": \"p\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"man\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བུ\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"son; boy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Coblin, 1986\"}, \"expansion\": \"Coblin, 1986\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Peiros and Starostin (1996)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཕྲུག\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"child\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"仆\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}, {\"form\": \"㒒\"}, {\"form\": \"䑑\"}, {\"form\": \"仆\"}, {\"form\": \"𢖃\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"僕\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"僕人\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"servant\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"púrén\", \"text\": \"仆人\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"servant; slave (often male)\"], \"links\": [[\"servant\", \"servant\"], [\"slave\", \"slave\"], [\"male\", \"male\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese humble terms\", \"Chinese literary terms\", \"Chinese men's speech terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"I; me; your humble servant\"], \"links\": [[\"humble\", \"humble\"], [\"I\", \"I\"], [\"me\", \"me\"], [\"servant\", \"servant\"]], \"qualifier\": \"men's speech\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant\"], \"tags\": [\"humble\", \"literary\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"coachman; groom\"], \"links\": [[\"coachman\", \"coachman\"], [\"groom\", \"groom\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) coachman; groom\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese terms with obsolete senses\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子萬年，景命有僕。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Yea for ten thousand years,\\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"君子万年，景命有仆。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"to attach; to adhere\"], \"links\": [[\"attach\", \"attach\"], [\"adhere\", \"adhere\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) to attach; to adhere\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Chinese surnames\"], \"glosses\": [\"a surname\"], \"links\": [[\"surname\", \"surname\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bog⁸\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄆㄨˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pʻu²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pú\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pwu\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"пу\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buhk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buk⁹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buuk⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phuk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phu̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pug⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Miaoli\", \"Northern\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"phù\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu^ˇ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\", \"Southern\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pah⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"peh⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pŭ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bŭk\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"po̍k\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁸boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"boh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"⁵boq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"pu⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"buwk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"bowk\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[b]ˤok/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ phu̍k /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʊk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɵk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰuk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰʊk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/puʔ⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚²⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚¹²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pɔk̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pok̚⁴/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/boʔ¹²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/pʰu²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[b]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*boːɡ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*buːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"僕\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "僕",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.