"wough" meaning in All languages combined

See wough on Wiktionary

Interjection [English]

Head templates: {{en-interj}} wough
  1. Alternative form of woof Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: woof Categories (topical): Animal sounds
    Sense id: en-wough-en-intj-KHKl8aQ3 Disambiguation of Animal sounds: 88 12 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 75 25 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 91 9
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun [English]

Forms: woughs [plural]
Etymology: From Middle English wough (“wall”), from Old English wāh, wāg, wǣg (“interior wall, separating structure”), from Proto-West Germanic *waig, from Proto-Germanic *waigaz (“wall, structure”). Cognate with Scots wauch, waw (“wall”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|wough|t=wall}} Middle English wough (“wall”), {{inh|en|ang|wāh}} Old English wāh, {{m|ang|wāg}} wāg, {{m|ang|wǣg|t=interior wall, separating structure}} wǣg (“interior wall, separating structure”), {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*waig}} Proto-West Germanic *waig, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*waigaz|t=wall, structure}} Proto-Germanic *waigaz (“wall, structure”), {{cog|sco|wauch}} Scots wauch, {{m|sco|waw|t=wall}} waw (“wall”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} wough (plural woughs)
  1. (obsolete) A wall. Tags: obsolete Categories (topical): Walls and fences Related terms: waw
    Sense id: en-wough-en-noun-dmjHTPfv Disambiguation of Walls and fences: 33 67
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Adjective [Middle English]

Etymology: From Old English wōh; from Proto-Germanic *wanhaz. Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|wōh}} Old English wōh, {{der|enm|gem-pro|*wanhaz}} Proto-Germanic *wanhaz Head templates: {{head|enm|adjective}} wough
  1. wrong, unjust, bad
    Sense id: en-wough-enm-adj-xe~tVgBD Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 15 23 22 6 10 13 4 4 3
  2. evil, immoral
    Sense id: en-wough-enm-adj-hgpthuUZ Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 15 23 22 6 10 13 4 4 3
  3. untrue, inaccurate
    Sense id: en-wough-enm-adj-X08nLKvm Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 15 23 22 6 10 13 4 4 3
  4. curved, bent
    Sense id: en-wough-enm-adj-cC3PoUd5
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: ivel, yvel, badde, wouȝ, woughe, woȝe, wouȝh, woh

Noun [Middle English]

Etymology: From Old English wōh; from Proto-Germanic *wanhaz. Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|wōh}} Old English wōh, {{der|enm|gem-pro|*wanhaz}} Proto-Germanic *wanhaz Head templates: {{head|enm|noun}} wough
  1. A wrong or unjust action
    Sense id: en-wough-enm-noun-SYVMZFGS
  2. A sinful or immoral action
    Sense id: en-wough-enm-noun-DTXbFqQY Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 15 23 22 6 10 13 4 4 3
  3. An inaccuracy or mistake
    Sense id: en-wough-enm-noun-l-gjsi-j
  4. depravity, moral corruption
    Sense id: en-wough-enm-noun-nHFqBkB-
  5. woe, misery, pain
    Sense id: en-wough-enm-noun-hzQPrHqb
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: wouȝ, woughe, woȝe, wouȝh, woh

Preposition [Yola]

Head templates: {{head|yol|preposition}} wough
  1. Alternative form of wee (“with”) Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: wee (extra: with)
    Sense id: en-wough-yol-prep-5dLgV-iK Categories (other): Yola entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Yola entries with incorrect language header: 57 43
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Pronoun [Yola]

IPA: /wuː/, /wiː/, /w/
Etymology: From Middle English wue, from Old English wē, from Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ. The final silent -gh was added to avoid -u. Etymology templates: {{inh|yol|enm|we|wue}} Middle English wue, {{inh|yol|ang|wē}} Old English wē, {{inh|yol|gmw-pro|*wiʀ}} Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ Head templates: {{head|yol|pronoun}} wough
  1. we Synonyms: wee, we, wu, w' Derived forms: waad, wou'll, w'oul, w'speen, w'ne'er
    Sense id: en-wough-yol-pron-3HyBG5Vh Categories (other): Yola prepositions, Yola pronouns Disambiguation of Yola prepositions: 41 59
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for wough meaning in All languages combined (10.0kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "wough",
        "t": "wall"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English wough (“wall”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wāh"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wāh",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "wāg"
      },
      "expansion": "wāg",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "wǣg",
        "t": "interior wall, separating structure"
      },
      "expansion": "wǣg (“interior wall, separating structure”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*waig"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *waig",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*waigaz",
        "t": "wall, structure"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *waigaz (“wall, structure”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "wauch"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots wauch",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "waw",
        "t": "wall"
      },
      "expansion": "waw (“wall”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English wough (“wall”), from Old English wāh, wāg, wǣg (“interior wall, separating structure”), from Proto-West Germanic *waig, from Proto-Germanic *waigaz (“wall, structure”). Cognate with Scots wauch, waw (“wall”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "woughs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "wough (plural woughs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Walls and fences",
          "orig": "en:Walls and fences",
          "parents": [
            "Buildings and structures",
            "Architecture",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A wall."
      ],
      "id": "en-wough-en-noun-dmjHTPfv",
      "links": [
        [
          "wall",
          "wall"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A wall."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "waw"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "wough"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "wough",
      "name": "en-interj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "intj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "woof"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "75 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "91 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "88 12",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Animal sounds",
          "orig": "en:Animal sounds",
          "parents": [
            "Sounds",
            "Vocalizations",
            "Sound",
            "Communication",
            "Energy",
            "All topics",
            "Nature",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1922, Gordon Casserly, The Jungle Girl",
          "text": "As it scrambled swiftly over the edge it caught sight of the elephant and with a deep \"wough!\" charged straight at it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1884, Theodore Roosevelt, Hunting the Grisly and Other Sketches",
          "text": "The trapper shouted and waved his cap; whereupon, to his amazement, the bear uttered a loud \"wough\" and charged straight down on him--only to fall a victim to misplaced boldness.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1863, Various, The Children's Garland from the Best Poets",
          "text": "Bough wough, The watch dogs bark, Bough wough, Hark, hark!",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of woof"
      ],
      "id": "en-wough-en-intj-KHKl8aQ3",
      "links": [
        [
          "woof",
          "woof#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "wough"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "wough"
          },
          "expansion": "English: wough",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: wough"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wōh"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wōh",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*wanhaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wanhaz",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English wōh; from Proto-Germanic *wanhaz.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "wough",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 23 22 6 10 13 4 4 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "wrong, unjust, bad"
      ],
      "id": "en-wough-enm-adj-xe~tVgBD",
      "links": [
        [
          "wrong",
          "wrong"
        ],
        [
          "unjust",
          "unjust"
        ],
        [
          "bad",
          "bad"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 23 22 6 10 13 4 4 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "evil, immoral"
      ],
      "id": "en-wough-enm-adj-hgpthuUZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "evil",
          "evil"
        ],
        [
          "immoral",
          "immoral"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 23 22 6 10 13 4 4 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "untrue, inaccurate"
      ],
      "id": "en-wough-enm-adj-X08nLKvm",
      "links": [
        [
          "untrue",
          "untrue"
        ],
        [
          "inaccurate",
          "inaccurate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "curved, bent"
      ],
      "id": "en-wough-enm-adj-cC3PoUd5",
      "links": [
        [
          "curved",
          "curved"
        ],
        [
          "bent",
          "bent"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ivel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "yvel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "badde"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wouȝ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "woughe"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "woȝe"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wouȝh"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "woh"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wough"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "wough"
          },
          "expansion": "English: wough",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: wough"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wōh"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wōh",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*wanhaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wanhaz",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English wōh; from Proto-Germanic *wanhaz.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "wough",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A wrong or unjust action"
      ],
      "id": "en-wough-enm-noun-SYVMZFGS",
      "links": [
        [
          "wrong",
          "wrong"
        ],
        [
          "unjust",
          "unjust"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 23 22 6 10 13 4 4 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A sinful or immoral action"
      ],
      "id": "en-wough-enm-noun-DTXbFqQY",
      "links": [
        [
          "sinful",
          "sinful"
        ],
        [
          "immoral",
          "immoral"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An inaccuracy or mistake"
      ],
      "id": "en-wough-enm-noun-l-gjsi-j",
      "links": [
        [
          "inaccuracy",
          "inaccuracy"
        ],
        [
          "mistake",
          "mistake"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "depravity, moral corruption"
      ],
      "id": "en-wough-enm-noun-nHFqBkB-",
      "links": [
        [
          "depravity",
          "depravity"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "woe, misery, pain"
      ],
      "id": "en-wough-enm-noun-hzQPrHqb",
      "links": [
        [
          "woe",
          "woe"
        ],
        [
          "misery",
          "misery"
        ],
        [
          "pain",
          "pain"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wouȝ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "woughe"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "woȝe"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wouȝh"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "woh"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wough"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "we",
        "4": "wue"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English wue",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wē"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wē",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*wiʀ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English wue, from Old English wē, from Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ. The final silent -gh was added to avoid -u.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "pronoun"
      },
      "expansion": "wough",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Yola",
  "lang_code": "yol",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "41 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Yola prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Yola pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "waad"
        },
        {
          "word": "wou'll"
        },
        {
          "word": "w'oul"
        },
        {
          "word": "w'speen"
        },
        {
          "word": "w'ne'er"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "We lay.",
          "ref": "1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 54",
          "text": "Wough lidg'd.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "Whether had we better churn or bake first?",
          "ref": "1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 78",
          "text": "Wich ad wough bethther kwingokee or baagchoosee vursth?",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "The piper struck up, we danced all in a ring,",
          "ref": "1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 96",
          "text": "A peepeare struck ap; wough dansth aul in a ring;",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "we"
      ],
      "id": "en-wough-yol-pron-3HyBG5Vh",
      "links": [
        [
          "we",
          "we"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "wee"
        },
        {
          "word": "we"
        },
        {
          "word": "wu"
        },
        {
          "word": "w'"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/wuː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/wiː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/w/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wough"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "wough",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Yola",
  "lang_code": "yol",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "with",
          "word": "wee"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "57 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Yola entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Away with it.",
          "ref": "1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 23",
          "text": "Awye wough it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of wee (“with”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-wough-yol-prep-5dLgV-iK",
      "links": [
        [
          "wee",
          "wee#Yola"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "wough"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English interjections",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "en:Animal sounds",
    "en:Walls and fences"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "wough",
        "t": "wall"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English wough (“wall”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wāh"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wāh",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "wāg"
      },
      "expansion": "wāg",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "wǣg",
        "t": "interior wall, separating structure"
      },
      "expansion": "wǣg (“interior wall, separating structure”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*waig"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *waig",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*waigaz",
        "t": "wall, structure"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *waigaz (“wall, structure”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "wauch"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots wauch",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "waw",
        "t": "wall"
      },
      "expansion": "waw (“wall”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English wough (“wall”), from Old English wāh, wāg, wǣg (“interior wall, separating structure”), from Proto-West Germanic *waig, from Proto-Germanic *waigaz (“wall, structure”). Cognate with Scots wauch, waw (“wall”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "woughs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "wough (plural woughs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "waw"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A wall."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wall",
          "wall"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A wall."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "wough"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English interjections",
    "English lemmas",
    "en:Animal sounds",
    "en:Walls and fences"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "wough",
      "name": "en-interj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "intj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "woof"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1922, Gordon Casserly, The Jungle Girl",
          "text": "As it scrambled swiftly over the edge it caught sight of the elephant and with a deep \"wough!\" charged straight at it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1884, Theodore Roosevelt, Hunting the Grisly and Other Sketches",
          "text": "The trapper shouted and waved his cap; whereupon, to his amazement, the bear uttered a loud \"wough\" and charged straight down on him--only to fall a victim to misplaced boldness.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1863, Various, The Children's Garland from the Best Poets",
          "text": "Bough wough, The watch dogs bark, Bough wough, Hark, hark!",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of woof"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "woof",
          "woof#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "wough"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English adjectives",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "wough"
          },
          "expansion": "English: wough",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: wough"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wōh"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wōh",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*wanhaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wanhaz",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English wōh; from Proto-Germanic *wanhaz.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "wough",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "wrong, unjust, bad"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wrong",
          "wrong"
        ],
        [
          "unjust",
          "unjust"
        ],
        [
          "bad",
          "bad"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "evil, immoral"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "evil",
          "evil"
        ],
        [
          "immoral",
          "immoral"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "untrue, inaccurate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "untrue",
          "untrue"
        ],
        [
          "inaccurate",
          "inaccurate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "curved, bent"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "curved",
          "curved"
        ],
        [
          "bent",
          "bent"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "ivel"
    },
    {
      "word": "yvel"
    },
    {
      "word": "badde"
    },
    {
      "word": "wouȝ"
    },
    {
      "word": "woughe"
    },
    {
      "word": "woȝe"
    },
    {
      "word": "wouȝh"
    },
    {
      "word": "woh"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wough"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English adjectives",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "wough"
          },
          "expansion": "English: wough",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: wough"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wōh"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wōh",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*wanhaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wanhaz",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English wōh; from Proto-Germanic *wanhaz.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "wough",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A wrong or unjust action"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wrong",
          "wrong"
        ],
        [
          "unjust",
          "unjust"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A sinful or immoral action"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sinful",
          "sinful"
        ],
        [
          "immoral",
          "immoral"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An inaccuracy or mistake"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "inaccuracy",
          "inaccuracy"
        ],
        [
          "mistake",
          "mistake"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "depravity, moral corruption"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "depravity",
          "depravity"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "woe, misery, pain"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "woe",
          "woe"
        ],
        [
          "misery",
          "misery"
        ],
        [
          "pain",
          "pain"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "wouȝ"
    },
    {
      "word": "woughe"
    },
    {
      "word": "woȝe"
    },
    {
      "word": "wouȝh"
    },
    {
      "word": "woh"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wough"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Yola entries with incorrect language header",
    "Yola lemmas",
    "Yola prepositions",
    "Yola pronouns",
    "Yola terms derived from Middle English",
    "Yola terms derived from Old English",
    "Yola terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Yola terms inherited from Middle English",
    "Yola terms inherited from Old English",
    "Yola terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Yola terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "waad"
    },
    {
      "word": "wou'll"
    },
    {
      "word": "w'oul"
    },
    {
      "word": "w'speen"
    },
    {
      "word": "w'ne'er"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "we",
        "4": "wue"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English wue",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wē"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wē",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*wiʀ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English wue, from Old English wē, from Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ. The final silent -gh was added to avoid -u.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "pronoun"
      },
      "expansion": "wough",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Yola",
  "lang_code": "yol",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Yola terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "We lay.",
          "ref": "1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 54",
          "text": "Wough lidg'd.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "Whether had we better churn or bake first?",
          "ref": "1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 78",
          "text": "Wich ad wough bethther kwingokee or baagchoosee vursth?",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "The piper struck up, we danced all in a ring,",
          "ref": "1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 96",
          "text": "A peepeare struck ap; wough dansth aul in a ring;",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "we"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "we",
          "we"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/wuː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/wiː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/w/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "wee"
    },
    {
      "word": "we"
    },
    {
      "word": "wu"
    },
    {
      "word": "w'"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wough"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Yola entries with incorrect language header",
    "Yola lemmas",
    "Yola prepositions"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "wough",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Yola",
  "lang_code": "yol",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "with",
          "word": "wee"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Yola terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Away with it.",
          "ref": "1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 23",
          "text": "Awye wough it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of wee (“with”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wee",
          "wee#Yola"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "wough"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.