See wough on Wiktionary
{ "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "wough", "t": "wall" }, "expansion": "Middle English wough (“wall”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "wāh" }, "expansion": "Old English wāh", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*waig" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *waig", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*waigaz", "t": "wall, structure" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *waigaz (“wall, structure”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "sco", "2": "wauch" }, "expansion": "Scots wauch", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English wough (“wall”), from Old English wāh, wāg, wǣg (“interior wall, separating structure”), from Proto-West Germanic *waig, from Proto-Germanic *waigaz (“wall, structure”). Cognate with Scots wauch, waw (“wall”).", "forms": [ { "form": "woughs", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "wough (plural woughs)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "34 66", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Walls and fences", "orig": "en:Walls and fences", "parents": [ "Buildings and structures", "Architecture", "Applied sciences", "Art", "Sciences", "Culture", "All topics", "Society", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "A wall." ], "id": "en-wough-en-noun-dmjHTPfv", "links": [ [ "wall", "wall" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(obsolete) A wall." ], "related": [ { "word": "waw" } ], "tags": [ "obsolete" ] } ], "word": "wough" } { "etymology_number": 2, "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "wough", "name": "en-interj" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "intj", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "word": "woof" } ], "categories": [ { "_dis": "81 19", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "27 5 0 0 29 5 2 2 7 6 3 8 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 3 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "88 12", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Animal sounds", "orig": "en:Animal sounds", "parents": [ "Sounds", "Vocalizations", "Sound", "Communication", "Energy", "All topics", "Nature", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1922, Gordon Casserly, The Jungle Girl:", "text": "As it scrambled swiftly over the edge it caught sight of the elephant and with a deep \"wough!\" charged straight at it.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1884, Theodore Roosevelt, Hunting the Grisly and Other Sketches:", "text": "The trapper shouted and waved his cap; whereupon, to his amazement, the bear uttered a loud \"wough\" and charged straight down on him--only to fall a victim to misplaced boldness.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1863, Various, The Children's Garland from the Best Poets:", "text": "Bough wough, The watch dogs bark, Bough wough, Hark, hark!", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Alternative form of woof" ], "id": "en-wough-en-intj-KHKl8aQ3", "links": [ [ "woof", "woof#English" ] ], "tags": [ "alt-of", "alternative" ] } ], "word": "wough" } { "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "wough" }, "expansion": "English: wough", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: wough" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "wōh" }, "expansion": "Old English wōh", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wanhaz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wanhaz", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old English wōh; from Proto-Germanic *wanhaz.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "adjective" }, "expansion": "wough", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "adj", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "wrong, unjust, bad" ], "id": "en-wough-enm-adj-xe~tVgBD", "links": [ [ "wrong", "wrong" ], [ "unjust", "unjust" ], [ "bad", "bad" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "evil, immoral" ], "id": "en-wough-enm-adj-hgpthuUZ", "links": [ [ "evil", "evil" ], [ "immoral", "immoral" ] ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "27 5 0 0 29 5 2 2 7 6 3 8 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 3 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "21 4 0 0 45 4 2 2 5 5 2 6 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 1 58 5 2 2 10 12 9", "kind": "other", "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "untrue, inaccurate" ], "id": "en-wough-enm-adj-X08nLKvm", "links": [ [ "untrue", "untrue" ], [ "inaccurate", "inaccurate" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "curved, bent" ], "id": "en-wough-enm-adj-cC3PoUd5", "links": [ [ "curved", "curved" ], [ "bent", "bent" ] ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "ivel" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "yvel" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "badde" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "wouȝ" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "woughe" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "woȝe" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "wouȝh" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "woh" } ], "word": "wough" } { "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "wough" }, "expansion": "English: wough", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: wough" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "wōh" }, "expansion": "Old English wōh", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wanhaz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wanhaz", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old English wōh; from Proto-Germanic *wanhaz.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "noun" }, "expansion": "wough", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "A wrong or unjust action" ], "id": "en-wough-enm-noun-SYVMZFGS", "links": [ [ "wrong", "wrong" ], [ "unjust", "unjust" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "A sinful or immoral action" ], "id": "en-wough-enm-noun-DTXbFqQY", "links": [ [ "sinful", "sinful" ], [ "immoral", "immoral" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "An inaccuracy or mistake" ], "id": "en-wough-enm-noun-l-gjsi-j", "links": [ [ "inaccuracy", "inaccuracy" ], [ "mistake", "mistake" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "depravity, moral corruption" ], "id": "en-wough-enm-noun-nHFqBkB-", "links": [ [ "depravity", "depravity" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "woe, misery, pain" ], "id": "en-wough-enm-noun-hzQPrHqb", "links": [ [ "woe", "woe" ], [ "misery", "misery" ], [ "pain", "pain" ] ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "wouȝ" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "woughe" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "woȝe" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "wouȝh" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "woh" } ], "word": "wough" } { "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "yol", "2": "enm", "3": "we", "4": "wue" }, "expansion": "Middle English wue", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "yol", "2": "ang", "3": "wē" }, "expansion": "Old English wē", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "yol", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wiʀ" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English wue, from Old English wē, from Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ. The final silent -gh was added to avoid -u.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "yol", "2": "pronoun" }, "expansion": "wough", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Yola", "lang_code": "yol", "pos": "pron", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "41 59", "kind": "other", "name": "Yola prepositions", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Yola pronouns", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "derived": [ { "word": "waad" }, { "word": "wou'll" }, { "word": "w'speen" }, { "word": "w'ne'er" } ], "examples": [ { "english": "We lay.", "ref": "1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 54:", "text": "Wough lidg'd.", "type": "quote" }, { "english": "Whether had we better churn or bake first?", "ref": "1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 78:", "text": "Wich ad wough bethther kwingokee or baagchoosee vursth?", "type": "quote" }, { "english": "The piper struck up, we danced all in a ring,", "ref": "1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 96:", "text": "A peepeare struck ap; wough dansth aul in a ring;", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "we" ], "id": "en-wough-yol-pron-3HyBG5Vh", "links": [ [ "we", "we" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "wu" }, { "word": "wee" }, { "word": "we" }, { "word": "w'" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/wuː/" }, { "ipa": "/wiː/" }, { "ipa": "/w/" } ], "word": "wough" } { "etymology_number": 2, "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "yol", "2": "preposition" }, "expansion": "wough", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Yola", "lang_code": "yol", "pos": "prep", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "extra": "with", "word": "wee" } ], "categories": [ { "_dis": "73 27", "kind": "other", "name": "Yola entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "english": "Away with it.", "ref": "1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 23:", "text": "Awye wough it.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Alternative form of wee (“with”)" ], "id": "en-wough-yol-prep-5dLgV-iK", "links": [ [ "wee", "wee#Yola" ] ], "tags": [ "alt-of", "alternative" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/wuː/" }, { "ipa": "/wiː/" }, { "ipa": "/w/" } ], "word": "wough" }
{ "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English interjections", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Walls and fences" ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "wough", "t": "wall" }, "expansion": "Middle English wough (“wall”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "wāh" }, "expansion": "Old English wāh", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*waig" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *waig", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*waigaz", "t": "wall, structure" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *waigaz (“wall, structure”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "sco", "2": "wauch" }, "expansion": "Scots wauch", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English wough (“wall”), from Old English wāh, wāg, wǣg (“interior wall, separating structure”), from Proto-West Germanic *waig, from Proto-Germanic *waigaz (“wall, structure”). Cognate with Scots wauch, waw (“wall”).", "forms": [ { "form": "woughs", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "wough (plural woughs)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "word": "waw" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English terms with obsolete senses" ], "glosses": [ "A wall." ], "links": [ [ "wall", "wall" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(obsolete) A wall." ], "tags": [ "obsolete" ] } ], "word": "wough" } { "categories": [ "English entries with incorrect language header", "English interjections", "English lemmas", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "en:Animal sounds", "en:Walls and fences" ], "etymology_number": 2, "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "wough", "name": "en-interj" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "intj", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "word": "woof" } ], "categories": [ "English terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1922, Gordon Casserly, The Jungle Girl:", "text": "As it scrambled swiftly over the edge it caught sight of the elephant and with a deep \"wough!\" charged straight at it.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1884, Theodore Roosevelt, Hunting the Grisly and Other Sketches:", "text": "The trapper shouted and waved his cap; whereupon, to his amazement, the bear uttered a loud \"wough\" and charged straight down on him--only to fall a victim to misplaced boldness.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1863, Various, The Children's Garland from the Best Poets:", "text": "Bough wough, The watch dogs bark, Bough wough, Hark, hark!", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Alternative form of woof" ], "links": [ [ "woof", "woof#English" ] ], "tags": [ "alt-of", "alternative" ] } ], "word": "wough" } { "categories": [ "Middle English adjectives", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "wough" }, "expansion": "English: wough", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: wough" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "wōh" }, "expansion": "Old English wōh", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wanhaz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wanhaz", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old English wōh; from Proto-Germanic *wanhaz.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "adjective" }, "expansion": "wough", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "adj", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "wrong, unjust, bad" ], "links": [ [ "wrong", "wrong" ], [ "unjust", "unjust" ], [ "bad", "bad" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "evil, immoral" ], "links": [ [ "evil", "evil" ], [ "immoral", "immoral" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "untrue, inaccurate" ], "links": [ [ "untrue", "untrue" ], [ "inaccurate", "inaccurate" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "curved, bent" ], "links": [ [ "curved", "curved" ], [ "bent", "bent" ] ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "ivel" }, { "word": "yvel" }, { "word": "badde" }, { "word": "wouȝ" }, { "word": "woughe" }, { "word": "woȝe" }, { "word": "wouȝh" }, { "word": "woh" } ], "word": "wough" } { "categories": [ "Middle English adjectives", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "wough" }, "expansion": "English: wough", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: wough" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "wōh" }, "expansion": "Old English wōh", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wanhaz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wanhaz", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old English wōh; from Proto-Germanic *wanhaz.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "noun" }, "expansion": "wough", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "A wrong or unjust action" ], "links": [ [ "wrong", "wrong" ], [ "unjust", "unjust" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "A sinful or immoral action" ], "links": [ [ "sinful", "sinful" ], [ "immoral", "immoral" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "An inaccuracy or mistake" ], "links": [ [ "inaccuracy", "inaccuracy" ], [ "mistake", "mistake" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "depravity, moral corruption" ], "links": [ [ "depravity", "depravity" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "woe, misery, pain" ], "links": [ [ "woe", "woe" ], [ "misery", "misery" ], [ "pain", "pain" ] ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "wouȝ" }, { "word": "woughe" }, { "word": "woȝe" }, { "word": "wouȝh" }, { "word": "woh" } ], "word": "wough" } { "categories": [ "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Yola entries with incorrect language header", "Yola lemmas", "Yola prepositions", "Yola pronouns", "Yola terms derived from Middle English", "Yola terms derived from Old English", "Yola terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "Yola terms inherited from Middle English", "Yola terms inherited from Old English", "Yola terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic" ], "derived": [ { "word": "waad" }, { "word": "wou'll" }, { "word": "w'speen" }, { "word": "w'ne'er" } ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "yol", "2": "enm", "3": "we", "4": "wue" }, "expansion": "Middle English wue", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "yol", "2": "ang", "3": "wē" }, "expansion": "Old English wē", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "yol", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wiʀ" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English wue, from Old English wē, from Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ. The final silent -gh was added to avoid -u.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "yol", "2": "pronoun" }, "expansion": "wough", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Yola", "lang_code": "yol", "pos": "pron", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Yola terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "english": "We lay.", "ref": "1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 54:", "text": "Wough lidg'd.", "type": "quote" }, { "english": "Whether had we better churn or bake first?", "ref": "1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 78:", "text": "Wich ad wough bethther kwingokee or baagchoosee vursth?", "type": "quote" }, { "english": "The piper struck up, we danced all in a ring,", "ref": "1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 96:", "text": "A peepeare struck ap; wough dansth aul in a ring;", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "we" ], "links": [ [ "we", "we" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/wuː/" }, { "ipa": "/wiː/" }, { "ipa": "/w/" } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "wu" }, { "word": "wee" }, { "word": "we" }, { "word": "w'" } ], "word": "wough" } { "categories": [ "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Yola entries with incorrect language header", "Yola lemmas", "Yola prepositions" ], "etymology_number": 2, "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "yol", "2": "preposition" }, "expansion": "wough", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Yola", "lang_code": "yol", "pos": "prep", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "extra": "with", "word": "wee" } ], "categories": [ "Yola terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "english": "Away with it.", "ref": "1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 23:", "text": "Awye wough it.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Alternative form of wee (“with”)" ], "links": [ [ "wee", "wee#Yola" ] ], "tags": [ "alt-of", "alternative" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/wuː/" }, { "ipa": "/wiː/" }, { "ipa": "/w/" } ], "word": "wough" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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