See yvel on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for yvel meaning in All languages combined (16.5kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "evil"
},
"expansion": "English: evil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: evil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "evil"
},
"expansion": "Scots: evil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: evil"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "yfel"
},
"expansion": "Old English yfel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ubil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ubil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ubilaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ubilaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English yfel, from Proto-West Germanic *ubil, from Proto-Germanic *ubilaz, of disputed further etymology.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "yvele",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yvele",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "worse",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "worst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "yvele",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "worse",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "worst",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "yvel (plural and weak singular yvele, comparative worse, superlative worst)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yvele",
"2": "worse",
"3": "worst"
},
"expansion": "yvel (plural and weak singular yvele, comparative worse, superlative worst)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yvel doer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yvelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yvel fare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yvelnesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yvel wille"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Morally evil; iniquitous, malign"
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-adj-enm:evil",
"links": [
[
"iniquitous",
"iniquitous"
],
[
"malign",
"malign"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:evil"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Pathology",
"orig": "enm:Pathology",
"parents": [
"Medicine",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Causing harm; injurious, damaging:",
"infected, abnormal"
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-adj-GGG1G0Ar",
"links": [
[
"injurious",
"injurious"
],
[
"damaging",
"damaging"
],
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"infected",
"infected"
],
[
"abnormal",
"abnormal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Causing harm; injurious, damaging:",
"(pathology) infected, abnormal"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Causing harm; injurious, damaging:",
"Causing trouble; tendentious, irascible"
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-adj-IXyfZRK-",
"links": [
[
"injurious",
"injurious"
],
[
"damaging",
"damaging"
],
[
"tendentious",
"tendentious"
],
[
"irascible",
"irascible"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Not pleasing; unpleasant, foul."
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-adj-~iouVKCY",
"links": [
[
"unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
],
[
"foul",
"foul"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 5 8 4 9 1 2 4 7 3 3 3 3 7 11 3 2 3 0 5 5 4 4 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Worthy of pity; pitiful, sorry."
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-adj-A9Z-COxw",
"links": [
[
"pitiful",
"pitiful"
],
[
"sorry",
"sorry"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Having bad fortune; unlucky, unfortunate"
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-adj-i3aIT8FV",
"links": [
[
"unlucky",
"unlucky"
],
[
"unfortunate",
"unfortunate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Of poor design or manufacture; bad, shoddy"
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-adj-X-HoKnzk",
"links": [
[
"design",
"design"
],
[
"manufacture",
"manufacture"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"shoddy",
"shoddy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 4 4 6 5 2 1 7 9 5 5 6 5 9 6 5 1 4 0 2 5 1 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 4 4 6 5 3 1 10 10 5 5 5 5 8 6 5 1 4 1 2 5 1 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Disparaging, negative, uncomplimentary."
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-adj-zV1CV9ZP",
"links": [
[
"negative",
"negative"
],
[
"uncomplimentary",
"uncomplimentary"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 4 4 6 5 2 1 7 9 5 5 6 5 9 6 5 1 4 0 2 5 1 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 4 4 6 5 3 1 10 10 5 5 5 5 8 6 5 1 4 1 2 5 1 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not trusted; untrustworthy"
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-adj-1XHU3kdQ",
"links": [
[
"untrustworthy",
"untrustworthy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Not easy; challenging, hard"
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-adj-SgkAINqL",
"links": [
[
"challenging",
"challenging"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈivəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈeːvəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈuvəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛvəl/",
"tags": [
"Kentish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛːvəl/",
"tags": [
"Kentish"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ivel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "evel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "uvel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "evil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "evyl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "evyll"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "evell"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yvle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ivil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yvyl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yvyll"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ivyll"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "evill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yvell"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "eveyl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ifel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yfel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ufel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "eovel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "ifell"
}
],
"word": "yvel"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "evil"
},
"expansion": "English: evil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: evil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "evil"
},
"expansion": "Scots: evil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: evil"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "yfel"
},
"expansion": "Old English yfel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ubil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ubil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ubilaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ubilaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English yfel, from Proto-West Germanic *ubil, from Proto-Germanic *ubilaz, of disputed further etymology.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "yveles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "yvel",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yveles"
},
"expansion": "yvel (plural yveles)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 5 3 4 1 1 1 2 7 4 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 20 20 3 3 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Ethics",
"orig": "enm:Ethics",
"parents": [
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Moral evil; iniquity, wrongness:",
"A sin or moral transgression."
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-noun-eFm83ZSr",
"links": [
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"iniquity",
"iniquity"
],
[
"wrongness",
"wrongness"
],
[
"sin",
"sin"
],
[
"transgression",
"transgression"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 5 3 4 1 1 1 2 7 4 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 20 20 3 3 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Ethics",
"orig": "enm:Ethics",
"parents": [
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Moral evil; iniquity, wrongness:",
"An evil or malicious being."
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-noun-mYDy5TD8",
"links": [
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"iniquity",
"iniquity"
],
[
"wrongness",
"wrongness"
],
[
"being",
"being"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 6 2 1 3 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 10 3 0 17 1 0 3 3 15 15 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Disease",
"orig": "enm:Disease",
"parents": [
"Health",
"Pathology",
"Body",
"Medicine",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Harm, injury, trouble:",
"Someone or something that harms or troubles."
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-noun-H0KXC1gO",
"links": [
[
"injury",
"injury"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"harms",
"harms"
],
[
"troubles",
"troubles"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 6 2 1 3 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 10 3 0 17 1 0 3 3 15 15 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Disease",
"orig": "enm:Disease",
"parents": [
"Health",
"Pathology",
"Body",
"Medicine",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Harm, injury, trouble:",
"A malady or disease."
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-noun-zxuoMYu7",
"links": [
[
"injury",
"injury"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"malady",
"malady"
],
[
"disease",
"disease"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 6 2 1 3 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 10 3 0 17 1 0 3 3 15 15 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Disease",
"orig": "enm:Disease",
"parents": [
"Health",
"Pathology",
"Body",
"Medicine",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Harm, injury, trouble:",
"Negative or uncomplimentary speech."
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-noun-YCaamXxR",
"links": [
[
"injury",
"injury"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"uncomplimentary",
"uncomplimentary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Harm, injury, trouble:",
"(rare) Negative or uncomplimentary speech."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈivəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈeːvəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈuvəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛvəl/",
"tags": [
"Kentish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛːvəl/",
"tags": [
"Kentish"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ivel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "evel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "uvel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "evil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "evyl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "evyll"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "evell"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yvle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ivil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yvyl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yvyll"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ivyll"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "evill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yvell"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "eveyl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ifel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yfel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ufel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "eovel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "ifell"
}
],
"word": "yvel"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "evil",
"id": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "English: evil",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: evil (obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "yfele"
},
"expansion": "Old English yfele",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "yfle",
"t": "evilly, badly"
},
"expansion": "yfle (“evilly, badly”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English yfele, yfle (“evilly, badly”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "worse",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "worst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adverb",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "worse",
"5": "superlative",
"6": "worst",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "yvel (comparative worse, superlative worst)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "worse",
"2": "worst"
},
"expansion": "yvel (comparative worse, superlative worst)",
"name": "enm-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wickedly, evilly, iniquitously"
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-adv-enm:evilly",
"links": [
[
"wickedly",
"wickedly"
],
[
"evilly",
"evilly"
],
[
"iniquitously",
"iniquitously"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:evilly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"badly, sloppily, poorly"
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-adv-xgSuqQ2F",
"links": [
[
"badly",
"badly"
],
[
"sloppily",
"sloppily"
],
[
"poorly",
"poorly"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"injuriously, harmfully; in a damaging way."
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-adv-MrFI1j00",
"links": [
[
"injuriously",
"injuriously"
],
[
"harmfully",
"harmfully"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 4 4 6 5 2 1 7 9 5 5 6 5 9 6 5 1 4 0 2 5 1 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hurtfully; in a way causing physical injury."
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-adv-QF3uNqgx",
"links": [
[
"hurtfully",
"hurtfully"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 5 8 4 9 1 2 4 7 3 3 3 3 7 11 3 2 3 0 5 5 4 4 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"unfortunately, sadly, miserably."
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-adv-YmlaIZk-",
"links": [
[
"unfortunately",
"unfortunately"
],
[
"sadly",
"sadly"
],
[
"miserably",
"miserably"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wrongly, incorrectly; counter to fact."
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-adv-09UIOAKs",
"links": [
[
"wrongly",
"wrongly"
],
[
"incorrectly",
"incorrectly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 6 2 1 3 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 10 3 0 17 1 0 3 3 15 15 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Disease",
"orig": "enm:Disease",
"parents": [
"Health",
"Pathology",
"Body",
"Medicine",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sickly; having disease or illness."
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-adv-yJxI96nB",
"links": [
[
"sickly",
"sickly"
],
[
"disease",
"disease"
],
[
"illness",
"illness"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in no way, hardly, insufficiently."
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-adv-eAv07TtR",
"links": [
[
"in no way",
"in no way"
],
[
"hardly",
"hardly"
],
[
"insufficiently",
"insufficiently"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"just, barely; by a narrow margin."
],
"id": "en-yvel-enm-adv-Bh2nz4b~",
"links": [
[
"just",
"just"
],
[
"barely",
"barely"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈivəl(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈeːvəl(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈuvəl(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-vlə/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛvəl(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Kentish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛːvəl(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Kentish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-vlə/",
"tags": [
"Kentish"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ivel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "evel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "uvel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "evil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "evyl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "evyll"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "evell"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yvle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yvele"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "evele"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "uvele"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yfele"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "ufele"
}
],
"word": "yvel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Disease",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Ethics",
"enm:Religion"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "evil"
},
"expansion": "English: evil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: evil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "evil"
},
"expansion": "Scots: evil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: evil"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "yfel"
},
"expansion": "Old English yfel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ubil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ubil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ubilaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ubilaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English yfel, from Proto-West Germanic *ubil, from Proto-Germanic *ubilaz, of disputed further etymology.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "yvele",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "yvele",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "worse",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "worst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "yvele",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "worse",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "worst",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "yvel (plural and weak singular yvele, comparative worse, superlative worst)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yvele",
"2": "worse",
"3": "worst"
},
"expansion": "yvel (plural and weak singular yvele, comparative worse, superlative worst)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "yvel doer"
},
{
"word": "yvelen"
},
{
"word": "yvel fare"
},
{
"word": "yvelnesse"
},
{
"word": "yvel wille"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Morally evil; iniquitous, malign"
],
"links": [
[
"iniquitous",
"iniquitous"
],
[
"malign",
"malign"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:evil"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Pathology"
],
"glosses": [
"Causing harm; injurious, damaging:",
"infected, abnormal"
],
"links": [
[
"injurious",
"injurious"
],
[
"damaging",
"damaging"
],
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"infected",
"infected"
],
[
"abnormal",
"abnormal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Causing harm; injurious, damaging:",
"(pathology) infected, abnormal"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Causing harm; injurious, damaging:",
"Causing trouble; tendentious, irascible"
],
"links": [
[
"injurious",
"injurious"
],
[
"damaging",
"damaging"
],
[
"tendentious",
"tendentious"
],
[
"irascible",
"irascible"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Not pleasing; unpleasant, foul."
],
"links": [
[
"unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
],
[
"foul",
"foul"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Worthy of pity; pitiful, sorry."
],
"links": [
[
"pitiful",
"pitiful"
],
[
"sorry",
"sorry"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Having bad fortune; unlucky, unfortunate"
],
"links": [
[
"unlucky",
"unlucky"
],
[
"unfortunate",
"unfortunate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Of poor design or manufacture; bad, shoddy"
],
"links": [
[
"design",
"design"
],
[
"manufacture",
"manufacture"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"shoddy",
"shoddy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Disparaging, negative, uncomplimentary."
],
"links": [
[
"negative",
"negative"
],
[
"uncomplimentary",
"uncomplimentary"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Not trusted; untrustworthy"
],
"links": [
[
"untrustworthy",
"untrustworthy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Not easy; challenging, hard"
],
"links": [
[
"challenging",
"challenging"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈivəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈeːvəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈuvəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛvəl/",
"tags": [
"Kentish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛːvəl/",
"tags": [
"Kentish"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ivel"
},
{
"word": "evel"
},
{
"word": "uvel"
},
{
"word": "ivil"
},
{
"word": "evil"
},
{
"word": "yvyl"
},
{
"word": "evyl"
},
{
"word": "yvyll"
},
{
"word": "ivyll"
},
{
"word": "evyll"
},
{
"word": "evill"
},
{
"word": "yvell"
},
{
"word": "evell"
},
{
"word": "eveyl"
},
{
"word": "yvle"
},
{
"word": "ifel"
},
{
"word": "yfel"
},
{
"word": "ufel"
},
{
"word": "eovel"
},
{
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "ifell"
}
],
"word": "yvel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Disease",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Ethics",
"enm:Religion"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "evil"
},
"expansion": "English: evil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: evil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "evil"
},
"expansion": "Scots: evil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: evil"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "yfel"
},
"expansion": "Old English yfel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ubil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ubil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ubilaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ubilaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English yfel, from Proto-West Germanic *ubil, from Proto-Germanic *ubilaz, of disputed further etymology.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "yveles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "yvel",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yveles"
},
"expansion": "yvel (plural yveles)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Moral evil; iniquity, wrongness:",
"A sin or moral transgression."
],
"links": [
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"iniquity",
"iniquity"
],
[
"wrongness",
"wrongness"
],
[
"sin",
"sin"
],
[
"transgression",
"transgression"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Moral evil; iniquity, wrongness:",
"An evil or malicious being."
],
"links": [
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"iniquity",
"iniquity"
],
[
"wrongness",
"wrongness"
],
[
"being",
"being"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Harm, injury, trouble:",
"Someone or something that harms or troubles."
],
"links": [
[
"injury",
"injury"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"harms",
"harms"
],
[
"troubles",
"troubles"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Harm, injury, trouble:",
"A malady or disease."
],
"links": [
[
"injury",
"injury"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"malady",
"malady"
],
[
"disease",
"disease"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Harm, injury, trouble:",
"Negative or uncomplimentary speech."
],
"links": [
[
"injury",
"injury"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"uncomplimentary",
"uncomplimentary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Harm, injury, trouble:",
"(rare) Negative or uncomplimentary speech."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈivəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈeːvəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈuvəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛvəl/",
"tags": [
"Kentish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛːvəl/",
"tags": [
"Kentish"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ivel"
},
{
"word": "evel"
},
{
"word": "uvel"
},
{
"word": "ivil"
},
{
"word": "evil"
},
{
"word": "yvyl"
},
{
"word": "evyl"
},
{
"word": "yvyll"
},
{
"word": "ivyll"
},
{
"word": "evyll"
},
{
"word": "evill"
},
{
"word": "yvell"
},
{
"word": "evell"
},
{
"word": "eveyl"
},
{
"word": "yvle"
},
{
"word": "ifel"
},
{
"word": "yfel"
},
{
"word": "ufel"
},
{
"word": "eovel"
},
{
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "ifell"
}
],
"word": "yvel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Disease",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Ethics",
"enm:Religion"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "evil",
"id": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "English: evil",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: evil (obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "yfele"
},
"expansion": "Old English yfele",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "yfle",
"t": "evilly, badly"
},
"expansion": "yfle (“evilly, badly”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English yfele, yfle (“evilly, badly”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "worse",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "worst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adverb",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "worse",
"5": "superlative",
"6": "worst",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "yvel (comparative worse, superlative worst)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "worse",
"2": "worst"
},
"expansion": "yvel (comparative worse, superlative worst)",
"name": "enm-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wickedly, evilly, iniquitously"
],
"links": [
[
"wickedly",
"wickedly"
],
[
"evilly",
"evilly"
],
[
"iniquitously",
"iniquitously"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:evilly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"badly, sloppily, poorly"
],
"links": [
[
"badly",
"badly"
],
[
"sloppily",
"sloppily"
],
[
"poorly",
"poorly"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"injuriously, harmfully; in a damaging way."
],
"links": [
[
"injuriously",
"injuriously"
],
[
"harmfully",
"harmfully"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hurtfully; in a way causing physical injury."
],
"links": [
[
"hurtfully",
"hurtfully"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"unfortunately, sadly, miserably."
],
"links": [
[
"unfortunately",
"unfortunately"
],
[
"sadly",
"sadly"
],
[
"miserably",
"miserably"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wrongly, incorrectly; counter to fact."
],
"links": [
[
"wrongly",
"wrongly"
],
[
"incorrectly",
"incorrectly"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sickly; having disease or illness."
],
"links": [
[
"sickly",
"sickly"
],
[
"disease",
"disease"
],
[
"illness",
"illness"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in no way, hardly, insufficiently."
],
"links": [
[
"in no way",
"in no way"
],
[
"hardly",
"hardly"
],
[
"insufficiently",
"insufficiently"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"just, barely; by a narrow margin."
],
"links": [
[
"just",
"just"
],
[
"barely",
"barely"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈivəl(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈeːvəl(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈuvəl(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-vlə/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛvəl(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Kentish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛːvəl(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Kentish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-vlə/",
"tags": [
"Kentish"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ivel"
},
{
"word": "evel"
},
{
"word": "uvel"
},
{
"word": "evil"
},
{
"word": "evyl"
},
{
"word": "evell"
},
{
"word": "evyll"
},
{
"word": "yvele"
},
{
"word": "evele"
},
{
"word": "uvele"
},
{
"word": "yvle"
},
{
"word": "yfele"
},
{
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "ufele"
}
],
"word": "yvel"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.