"wealh" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wealh"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Old English wealh",
      "name": "lbor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Wales"
      },
      "expansion": "Wales",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Welsh"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Old English wealh. Compare Wales, Welsh.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "wealhs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "wealh (plural wealhs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 20 10 19 1 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1885, John Beddoe, The Races of Britain: A Contribution to the Anthropology of Western Europe, Bristol: J. W. Arrowsmith, […]; London: Trübner and Co., […], pages 61–62",
          "text": "It is possible that the services on the royal manors, of which Seebohm gives one instance even in the very Saxon Hampshire, may have been heavier than the average of manors held by eorls or thanes. If so, the tenantry on the former may have been in larger proportion wealhs.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1889 October, A[ndrew] G[eorge] Little, “Gesiths and Thegns”, in Mandell Creighton, editor, The English Historical Review, volume IV, number 16, London: Longmans, Green, and Co. and New York: […], page 728",
          "text": "That the kings had wealhs in their service, whose position rose in consequence of that service, is shown by Ine, cap. 83:[…]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1905, P[aul] Vinogradoff, The Growth of the Manor, London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co., Lim.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Co., page 141",
          "text": "Wealhs may also be placed on the same footing by being recognised as free gafolgelders of the king and being connected with a family land, a hide of their own, though their personal estimation will not reach that of Englishmen of equal social standing. This possible equation with the wealhs gives us also a clue as to the probable constitution of the family settled on the land.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "In Anglo-Saxon England, a speaker of a Brythonic language, especially Welsh."
      ],
      "id": "en-wealh-en-noun-kEsbX8zP",
      "links": [
        [
          "Anglo-Saxon",
          "Anglo-Saxon"
        ],
        [
          "England",
          "England"
        ],
        [
          "Brythonic",
          "Brythonic"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ],
        [
          "Welsh",
          "Welsh"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) In Anglo-Saxon England, a speaker of a Brythonic language, especially Welsh."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈwæl(x)/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wealh"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wealhcynn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wealhhafoc"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wealhhnutu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wealhmōre"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wealhstod"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Wealhþēow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wealhwyrt"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Wēalas"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wīelisċ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wīln"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "wælh",
            "3": "wale"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: wælh, wale",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: wælh, wale"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "wealh",
            "lbor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: wealh (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: wealh (learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ML.",
            "2": "wallus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: wallus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Medieval Latin: wallus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*walh"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *walh",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*walhaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *walhaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "cel",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Celtic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Welsh"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Slav"
      },
      "expansion": "Slav",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *walh, from Proto-Germanic *walhaz, from a Celtic name also represented by Latin Volcae.\nHaving originally apparently referred to a neighboring Celtic tribe, it was broadened to refer to any inhabitant of the Western Roman Empire and then, in Britain, narrowed to refer to native Brythons, and later to Welsh people in particular. Owing to the presence of native Brythonic slaves in some areas, it also came to be used to refer to slaves (compare semantic formation of Slav), though only alongside – never supplanting – its ethnic meaning. The narrowing of meaning away from the continental Germanic meaning of Roman towards referring to Insular Celtic peoples was finalized by the late seventh century; rare occurrences of this term referring to Romans, such as the term Rumwalas found in Widsith, are explained as archaisms inherited from an older tradition.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "wēalas",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wealh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēalas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wealh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēalas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēales",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēala",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēale",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēalum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "nominative plural",
        "4": "wēalas",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "wealh m (nominative plural wēalas)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "wēalas"
      },
      "expansion": "wealh m (nominative plural wēalas)",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wēal",
        "nomsg": "wealh"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wealh",
        "2": "wēalas",
        "3": "wealh",
        "4": "wēalas",
        "5": "wēales",
        "6": "wēala",
        "7": "wēale",
        "8": "wēalum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong a-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Celt"
      ],
      "id": "en-wealh-ang-noun-lVzHSmMC",
      "links": [
        [
          "Celt",
          "Celt"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Welsh person"
      ],
      "id": "en-wealh-ang-noun-irTGaRE2",
      "links": [
        [
          "Welsh",
          "Welsh"
        ],
        [
          "person",
          "person"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "id": "en-wealh-ang-noun-1So44HdZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "Roman",
          "Roman"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Roman"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "foreigner"
      ],
      "id": "en-wealh-ang-noun-qTkQByOd",
      "links": [
        [
          "foreigner",
          "foreigner"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) foreigner"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 8 3 86 0",
          "sense": "foreigner",
          "word": "elþēodiġ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "slave"
      ],
      "id": "en-wealh-ang-noun-GDk2sBDG",
      "links": [
        [
          "slave",
          "slave"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) slave"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
          "sense": "slave",
          "word": "þēow"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/wæ͜ɑlx/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[wæ͜ɑɫx]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "Rōmānisċ"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Volcae"
  ],
  "word": "wealh"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
    "Old English masculine nouns",
    "Old English nouns",
    "Old English terms derived from Celtic languages",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wealh"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Old English wealh",
      "name": "lbor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Wales"
      },
      "expansion": "Wales",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Welsh"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Old English wealh. Compare Wales, Welsh.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "wealhs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "wealh (plural wealhs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English 1-syllable words",
        "English countable nouns",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English learned borrowings from Old English",
        "English lemmas",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms borrowed from Old English",
        "English terms derived from Old English",
        "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "English terms with historical senses",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1885, John Beddoe, The Races of Britain: A Contribution to the Anthropology of Western Europe, Bristol: J. W. Arrowsmith, […]; London: Trübner and Co., […], pages 61–62",
          "text": "It is possible that the services on the royal manors, of which Seebohm gives one instance even in the very Saxon Hampshire, may have been heavier than the average of manors held by eorls or thanes. If so, the tenantry on the former may have been in larger proportion wealhs.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1889 October, A[ndrew] G[eorge] Little, “Gesiths and Thegns”, in Mandell Creighton, editor, The English Historical Review, volume IV, number 16, London: Longmans, Green, and Co. and New York: […], page 728",
          "text": "That the kings had wealhs in their service, whose position rose in consequence of that service, is shown by Ine, cap. 83:[…]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1905, P[aul] Vinogradoff, The Growth of the Manor, London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co., Lim.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Co., page 141",
          "text": "Wealhs may also be placed on the same footing by being recognised as free gafolgelders of the king and being connected with a family land, a hide of their own, though their personal estimation will not reach that of Englishmen of equal social standing. This possible equation with the wealhs gives us also a clue as to the probable constitution of the family settled on the land.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "In Anglo-Saxon England, a speaker of a Brythonic language, especially Welsh."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Anglo-Saxon",
          "Anglo-Saxon"
        ],
        [
          "England",
          "England"
        ],
        [
          "Brythonic",
          "Brythonic"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ],
        [
          "Welsh",
          "Welsh"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) In Anglo-Saxon England, a speaker of a Brythonic language, especially Welsh."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈwæl(x)/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wealh"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
    "Old English masculine nouns",
    "Old English nouns",
    "Old English terms derived from Celtic languages",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "wealhcynn"
    },
    {
      "word": "wealhhafoc"
    },
    {
      "word": "wealhhnutu"
    },
    {
      "word": "wealhmōre"
    },
    {
      "word": "wealhstod"
    },
    {
      "word": "Wealhþēow"
    },
    {
      "word": "wealhwyrt"
    },
    {
      "word": "Wēalas"
    },
    {
      "word": "wīelisċ"
    },
    {
      "word": "wīln"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "wælh",
            "3": "wale"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: wælh, wale",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: wælh, wale"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "wealh",
            "lbor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: wealh (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: wealh (learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ML.",
            "2": "wallus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: wallus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Medieval Latin: wallus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*walh"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *walh",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*walhaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *walhaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "cel",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Celtic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Welsh"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Slav"
      },
      "expansion": "Slav",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *walh, from Proto-Germanic *walhaz, from a Celtic name also represented by Latin Volcae.\nHaving originally apparently referred to a neighboring Celtic tribe, it was broadened to refer to any inhabitant of the Western Roman Empire and then, in Britain, narrowed to refer to native Brythons, and later to Welsh people in particular. Owing to the presence of native Brythonic slaves in some areas, it also came to be used to refer to slaves (compare semantic formation of Slav), though only alongside – never supplanting – its ethnic meaning. The narrowing of meaning away from the continental Germanic meaning of Roman towards referring to Insular Celtic peoples was finalized by the late seventh century; rare occurrences of this term referring to Romans, such as the term Rumwalas found in Widsith, are explained as archaisms inherited from an older tradition.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "wēalas",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wealh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēalas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wealh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēalas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēales",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēala",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēale",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēalum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "nominative plural",
        "4": "wēalas",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "wealh m (nominative plural wēalas)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "wēalas"
      },
      "expansion": "wealh m (nominative plural wēalas)",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wēal",
        "nomsg": "wealh"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wealh",
        "2": "wēalas",
        "3": "wealh",
        "4": "wēalas",
        "5": "wēales",
        "6": "wēala",
        "7": "wēale",
        "8": "wēalum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong a-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Celt"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Celt",
          "Celt"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Welsh person"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Welsh",
          "Welsh"
        ],
        [
          "person",
          "person"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Roman",
          "Roman"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Roman"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "foreigner"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "foreigner",
          "foreigner"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) foreigner"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "slave"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "slave",
          "slave"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) slave"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/wæ͜ɑlx/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[wæ͜ɑɫx]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "Rōmānisċ"
    },
    {
      "sense": "foreigner",
      "word": "elþēodiġ"
    },
    {
      "sense": "slave",
      "word": "þēow"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Volcae"
  ],
  "word": "wealh"
}