"wealh" meaning in Old English

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Wēalas"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wealhcynn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wealhhafoc"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wealhhnutu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wealhmōre"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wealhstod"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Wealhþēow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wealhwyrt"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wīelisċ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wīln"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "wælh",
            "3": "wale"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: wælh, wale",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: wælh, wale"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "wealh",
            "lbor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: wealh (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: wealh (learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ML.",
            "2": "wallus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: wallus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Medieval Latin: wallus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*walh"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *walh",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*walhaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *walhaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "cel",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Celtic",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *walh, from Proto-Germanic *walhaz, from a Celtic name also represented by Latin Volcae.\nHaving originally apparently referred to a neighboring Celtic tribe, it was broadened to refer to any inhabitant of the Western Roman Empire and then, in Britain, narrowed to refer to native Brythons, and later to Welsh people in particular. Owing to the presence of native Brythonic slaves in some areas, it also came to be used to refer to slaves (compare semantic formation of Slav), though only alongside – never supplanting – its ethnic meaning. The narrowing of meaning away from the continental Germanic meaning of Roman towards referring to Insular Celtic peoples was finalized by the late seventh century; rare occurrences of this term referring to Romans, such as the term Rumwalas found in Widsith, are explained as archaisms inherited from an older tradition.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "wēalas",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wealh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēalas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wealh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēalas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēales",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēala",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēale",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēalum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "nominative plural",
        "4": "wēalas",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "wealh m (nominative plural wēalas)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "wēalas"
      },
      "expansion": "wealh m (nominative plural wēalas)",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wēal",
        "nomsg": "wealh"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wealh",
        "2": "wēalas",
        "3": "wealh",
        "4": "wēalas",
        "5": "wēales",
        "6": "wēala",
        "7": "wēale",
        "8": "wēalum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong a-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Celt"
      ],
      "id": "en-wealh-ang-noun-lVzHSmMC",
      "links": [
        [
          "Celt",
          "Celt"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Welsh person"
      ],
      "id": "en-wealh-ang-noun-irTGaRE2",
      "links": [
        [
          "Welsh",
          "Welsh"
        ],
        [
          "person",
          "person"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "id": "en-wealh-ang-noun-1So44HdZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "Roman",
          "Roman"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Roman"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "foreigner"
      ],
      "id": "en-wealh-ang-noun-qTkQByOd",
      "links": [
        [
          "foreigner",
          "foreigner"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) foreigner"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 7 3 87 0",
          "sense": "foreigner",
          "word": "elþēodiġ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "c. 995, Ælfric, Excerptiones de Arte Grammatica Anglice\nhoc sapiens mancipium þēs wīsa weal\nhos sapiens mancipium this wise slave",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "slave"
      ],
      "id": "en-wealh-ang-noun-GDk2sBDG",
      "links": [
        [
          "slave",
          "slave"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) slave"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
          "sense": "slave",
          "word": "þēow"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/wæ͜ɑlx/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[wæ͜ɑɫx]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "Rōmānisċ"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Volcae"
  ],
  "word": "wealh"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
    "Old English masculine nouns",
    "Old English nouns",
    "Old English terms derived from Celtic languages",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "Wēalas"
    },
    {
      "word": "wealhcynn"
    },
    {
      "word": "wealhhafoc"
    },
    {
      "word": "wealhhnutu"
    },
    {
      "word": "wealhmōre"
    },
    {
      "word": "wealhstod"
    },
    {
      "word": "Wealhþēow"
    },
    {
      "word": "wealhwyrt"
    },
    {
      "word": "wīelisċ"
    },
    {
      "word": "wīln"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "wælh",
            "3": "wale"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: wælh, wale",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: wælh, wale"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "wealh",
            "lbor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: wealh (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: wealh (learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ML.",
            "2": "wallus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: wallus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Medieval Latin: wallus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*walh"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *walh",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*walhaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *walhaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "cel",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Celtic",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *walh, from Proto-Germanic *walhaz, from a Celtic name also represented by Latin Volcae.\nHaving originally apparently referred to a neighboring Celtic tribe, it was broadened to refer to any inhabitant of the Western Roman Empire and then, in Britain, narrowed to refer to native Brythons, and later to Welsh people in particular. Owing to the presence of native Brythonic slaves in some areas, it also came to be used to refer to slaves (compare semantic formation of Slav), though only alongside – never supplanting – its ethnic meaning. The narrowing of meaning away from the continental Germanic meaning of Roman towards referring to Insular Celtic peoples was finalized by the late seventh century; rare occurrences of this term referring to Romans, such as the term Rumwalas found in Widsith, are explained as archaisms inherited from an older tradition.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "wēalas",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wealh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēalas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wealh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēalas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēales",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēala",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēale",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēalum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "nominative plural",
        "4": "wēalas",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "wealh m (nominative plural wēalas)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "wēalas"
      },
      "expansion": "wealh m (nominative plural wēalas)",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wēal",
        "nomsg": "wealh"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wealh",
        "2": "wēalas",
        "3": "wealh",
        "4": "wēalas",
        "5": "wēales",
        "6": "wēala",
        "7": "wēale",
        "8": "wēalum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong a-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Celt"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Celt",
          "Celt"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Welsh person"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Welsh",
          "Welsh"
        ],
        [
          "person",
          "person"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Roman",
          "Roman"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Roman"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "foreigner"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "foreigner",
          "foreigner"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) foreigner"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with quotations",
        "Old English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "c. 995, Ælfric, Excerptiones de Arte Grammatica Anglice\nhoc sapiens mancipium þēs wīsa weal\nhos sapiens mancipium this wise slave",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "slave"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "slave",
          "slave"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) slave"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/wæ͜ɑlx/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[wæ͜ɑɫx]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "Rōmānisċ"
    },
    {
      "sense": "foreigner",
      "word": "elþēodiġ"
    },
    {
      "sense": "slave",
      "word": "þēow"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Volcae"
  ],
  "word": "wealh"
}