See vulcanize on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for vulcanize meaning in All languages combined (8.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "devulcanize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vulcanisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vulcanization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vulcanized fiber"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vulcanizer"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "vulcanizes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vulcanizing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vulcanized",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vulcanized",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vulcanize (third-person singular simple present vulcanizes, present participle vulcanizing, simple past and past participle vulcanized)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vulcanicity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vulcanite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vulcanology"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Vulcan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chemical processes",
"orig": "en:Chemical processes",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Organic chemistry",
"orig": "en:Organic chemistry",
"parents": [
"Chemistry",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Polymer",
"orig": "en:Polymer",
"parents": [
"Matter",
"Organic chemistry",
"Physical chemistry",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Physics",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sulfur",
"orig": "en:Sulfur",
"parents": [
"Chalcogens",
"Chemical elements",
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To treat rubber with heat and (usually) sulfur to harden it and make it more durable."
],
"id": "en-vulcanize-en-verb-rTRAFv9T",
"links": [
[
"rubber",
"rubber"
],
[
"heat",
"heat"
],
[
"sulfur",
"sulfur"
],
[
"durable",
"durable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To treat rubber with heat and (usually) sulfur to harden it and make it more durable."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vulkaniziram",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "вулканизирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulcanitzar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "liúhuà",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "硫化"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulkaniseren"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulkanoida"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulcaniser"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulcanizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "vulḳanizireba",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "ვულკანიზირება"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulkanisieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulkanizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulcanizzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"alt": "かりゅうする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "karyū suru",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "加硫する"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vulkanizíra",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "вулканизи́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulcaanee"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulcanizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vulcaniza"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vulkanizírovatʹ",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "вулканизи́ровать"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vulkanizovátʹ",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "вулканизова́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulcanizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "lưu hóa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chemical processes",
"orig": "en:Chemical processes",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Theodore Rochow, Resinography",
"text": "Natural rubber […] vulcanizes readily at the double bonds to give a strong cross-linked structure.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To undergo such treatment."
],
"id": "en-vulcanize-en-verb-5UQ62cNQ",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To undergo such treatment."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvʌl.kə.naɪz/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-vulcanize.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/En-au-vulcanize.ogg/En-au-vulcanize.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/En-au-vulcanize.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "non-Oxford British spelling",
"word": "vulcanise"
}
],
"word": "vulcanize"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "vulcanize",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "vulcanizar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of vulcanizar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"inflection of vulcanizar"
],
"id": "en-vulcanize-gl-verb-VGMA-pkr",
"links": [
[
"vulcanizar",
"vulcanizar#Galician"
]
],
"qualifier": "reintegrationist norm",
"raw_glosses": [
"(reintegrationist norm) inflection of vulcanizar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 48 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of vulcanizar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-vulcanize-gl-verb-7fi9SE4M",
"links": [
[
"vulcanizar",
"vulcanizar#Galician"
]
],
"qualifier": "reintegrationist norm",
"raw_glosses": [
"(reintegrationist norm) inflection of vulcanizar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of vulcanizar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-vulcanize-gl-verb-oA1ig09i",
"links": [
[
"vulcanizar",
"vulcanizar#Galician"
]
],
"qualifier": "reintegrationist norm",
"raw_glosses": [
"(reintegrationist norm) inflection of vulcanizar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "vulcanize"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "vulcanize",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "vulcanizar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of vulcanizar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-vulcanize-pt-verb-7fi9SE4M",
"links": [
[
"vulcanizar",
"vulcanizar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of vulcanizar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "vulcanizar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of vulcanizar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-vulcanize-pt-verb-oA1ig09i",
"links": [
[
"vulcanizar",
"vulcanizar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of vulcanizar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "vulcanize"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"en:Chemical processes",
"en:Organic chemistry",
"en:Polymer",
"en:Sulfur"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "devulcanize"
},
{
"word": "vulcanisation"
},
{
"word": "vulcanization"
},
{
"word": "vulcanized fiber"
},
{
"word": "vulcanizer"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "vulcanizes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vulcanizing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vulcanized",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vulcanized",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vulcanize (third-person singular simple present vulcanizes, present participle vulcanizing, simple past and past participle vulcanized)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "vulcanicity"
},
{
"word": "vulcanite"
},
{
"word": "vulcanology"
},
{
"word": "Vulcan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To treat rubber with heat and (usually) sulfur to harden it and make it more durable."
],
"links": [
[
"rubber",
"rubber"
],
[
"heat",
"heat"
],
[
"sulfur",
"sulfur"
],
[
"durable",
"durable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To treat rubber with heat and (usually) sulfur to harden it and make it more durable."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Theodore Rochow, Resinography",
"text": "Natural rubber […] vulcanizes readily at the double bonds to give a strong cross-linked structure.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To undergo such treatment."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To undergo such treatment."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvʌl.kə.naɪz/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-vulcanize.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/En-au-vulcanize.ogg/En-au-vulcanize.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/En-au-vulcanize.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "non-Oxford British spelling",
"word": "vulcanise"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vulkaniziram",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "вулканизирам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulcanitzar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "liúhuà",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "硫化"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulkaniseren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulkanoida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulcaniser"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulcanizar"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "vulḳanizireba",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "ვულკანიზირება"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulkanisieren"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulkanizar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulcanizzare"
},
{
"alt": "かりゅうする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "karyū suru",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "加硫する"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vulkanizíra",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "вулканизи́ра"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulcaanee"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulcanizar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vulcaniza"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vulkanizírovatʹ",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "вулканизи́ровать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vulkanizovátʹ",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "вулканизова́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "vulcanizar"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to harden rubber with heat",
"word": "lưu hóa"
}
],
"word": "vulcanize"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician non-lemma forms",
"Galician verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "vulcanize",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "vulcanizar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of vulcanizar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"inflection of vulcanizar"
],
"links": [
[
"vulcanizar",
"vulcanizar#Galician"
]
],
"qualifier": "reintegrationist norm",
"raw_glosses": [
"(reintegrationist norm) inflection of vulcanizar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of vulcanizar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"vulcanizar",
"vulcanizar#Galician"
]
],
"qualifier": "reintegrationist norm",
"raw_glosses": [
"(reintegrationist norm) inflection of vulcanizar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of vulcanizar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"vulcanizar",
"vulcanizar#Galician"
]
],
"qualifier": "reintegrationist norm",
"raw_glosses": [
"(reintegrationist norm) inflection of vulcanizar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "vulcanize"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "vulcanize",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "vulcanizar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of vulcanizar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"vulcanizar",
"vulcanizar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of vulcanizar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "vulcanizar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of vulcanizar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"vulcanizar",
"vulcanizar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of vulcanizar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "vulcanize"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.