See volk on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for volk meaning in All languages combined (15.2kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "af",
"3": "volk"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans volk",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "folk"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of folk",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Afrikaans volk. Doublet of folk.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "p"
},
"expansion": "volk pl (plural only)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "South African English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English pluralia tantum",
"parents": [
"Pluralia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Nadine Gordimer, No Time Like the Present, Bloomsbury, published 2013, page 22",
"text": "The lover, Tertius […] is a journalist regarded by many of his family as a traitor to the volk.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Afrikaner people."
],
"id": "en-volk-en-noun-6vvpjz-J",
"links": [
[
"Afrikaner",
"Afrikaner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(South Africa) The Afrikaner people."
],
"tags": [
"South-Africa",
"plural",
"plural-only"
]
}
],
"word": "volk"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "volk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English volk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "folk"
},
"expansion": "folk",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vixen"
},
"expansion": "vixen",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English volk, southern form of folk; compare vixen.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "p"
},
"expansion": "volk pl (plural only)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "folk"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1912, Thomas Hardy, chapter III, in Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman […] (The Works of Thomas Hardy in Prose and Verse), Wessex edition, London: Macmillan and Co., […], →OCLC, phase the first (The Maiden), page 21",
"text": "No doubt a mampus of volk of our own rank will be down here in their carriages as soon as 'tis known.\nEarlier editions have folk.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of folk"
],
"id": "en-volk-en-noun-S8SfnE3A",
"links": [
[
"folk",
"folk#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now obsolete or dialectal) Alternative form of folk"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"plural",
"plural-only"
]
}
],
"word": "volk"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "volk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: volk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: volk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "volk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch volk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "volc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch volc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "folc"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch folc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fulką"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fulką",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch volk, from Middle Dutch volc, from Old Dutch folc, from Proto-Germanic *fulką.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "volke",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "volkere",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "volkie",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "diminutive",
"12": "volkie",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "volke",
"7": "or",
"8": "volkere",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "volk (plural volke or volkere, diminutive volkie)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "volke",
"2": "volkie",
"pl2": "volkere"
},
"expansion": "volk (plural volke or volkere, diminutive volkie)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "volkslied"
}
],
"glosses": [
"people"
],
"id": "en-volk-af-noun-yQImgPiI",
"links": [
[
"people",
"people#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɔlk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-volk.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-volk.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-volk.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-volk.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-volk.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "volk"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bevolken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "volkenrecht"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "volks"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "volksbuurt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "volksfeest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "volksgericht"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "volkslied"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "volksmenner"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "volksmond"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "volkspartij"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "volksverhaal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "volkszanger"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "volk"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: volk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: volk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "volk",
"3": "folok",
"4": "folk",
"5": "fulok",
"6": "fuluk",
"7": "folluk"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: volk, folok, folk, fulok, fuluk, folluk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: volk, folok, folk, fulok, fuluk, folluk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "folku",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sranan Tongo: folku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sranan Tongo: folku"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "volc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch volc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "folc"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch folc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*folk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *folk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fulką"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fulką",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch volc, from Old Dutch folc, from Proto-West Germanic *folk, from Proto-Germanic *fulką.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "volken",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "volkeren",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "volkje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-en",
"3": "volkje",
"pl2": "-eren"
},
"expansion": "volk n (plural volken or volkeren, diminutive volkje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"volk"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"people, nation"
],
"id": "en-volk-nl-noun-s1p63liA",
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"nation",
"nation"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "natie"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tribe"
],
"id": "en-volk-nl-noun-0i9ODyd5",
"links": [
[
"tribe",
"tribe"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "stam"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 10 59 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "André Hazes was een volkszanger.\nAndré Hazes was a working-class singer.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"folk, the common people, the lower classes, the working classes"
],
"id": "en-volk-nl-noun-RQdPvYgn",
"links": [
[
"folk",
"folk"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"classes",
"classes"
],
[
"working classes",
"working classes"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Were there a lot of people at the meeting?",
"text": "Was er veel volk bij de bijeenkomst?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"people (many individuals)"
],
"id": "en-volk-nl-noun-wpJZ7hsk",
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, uncountable) people (many individuals)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mensen"
},
{
"word": "lieden"
},
{
"word": "lui"
}
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vɔlk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔlk"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-volk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/Nl-volk.ogg/Nl-volk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Nl-volk.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "volk"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "volks",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-decl-noun-n-s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "volk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volkið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volkið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volkinu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volksins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "-",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "volks",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "no plural",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "volk n (genitive singular volks, no plural)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "volks",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "volk n (genitive singular volks, no plural)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "v",
"2": "o",
"3": "lk",
"pl": "-"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-n-s"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n-s",
"accp": "volk",
"accpd": "volkin",
"accs": "volk",
"accsd": "volkið",
"datp": "volkum",
"datpd": "volkunum",
"dats": "volki",
"datsd": "volkinu",
"def": "{{{def}}}",
"genp": "volka",
"genpd": "volkanna",
"gens": "volks",
"gensd": "volksins",
"indef": "{{{indef}}}",
"nomp": "volk",
"nompd": "volkin",
"noms": "volk",
"nomsd": "volkið",
"pl": "-",
"sg": "{{{sg}}}"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n-s",
"accs": "volk",
"accsd": "volkið",
"dats": "volki",
"datsd": "volkinu",
"gens": "volks",
"gensd": "volksins",
"noms": "volk",
"nomsd": "volkið"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base/sg"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"difficulty, trouble, hardship"
],
"id": "en-volk-is-noun-7wTqu1hw",
"links": [
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"no-plural"
]
}
],
"word": "volk"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "volk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "folk"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kentish Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of folk"
],
"id": "en-volk-enm-noun-S8SfnE3A",
"links": [
[
"folk",
"folk#Middle English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern, Kent) Alternative form of folk"
],
"tags": [
"Kent",
"Southern",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "volk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*vьlkъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьlkъ",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *vьlkъ",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vȏłk",
"tags": [
"animate",
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sl-decl-noun-m-ov",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "please help by adding the tonal marks.",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sl-decl-noun-m-ov",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hard o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "vôlk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôvi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vôlka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôv",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôv",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vôlku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôvoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôvom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vôlka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôve",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vôlku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôvih",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôvih",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vôlkom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôvoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôvi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vȏłk",
"2": "m-an"
},
"expansion": "vȏłk m anim",
"name": "sl-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vôlk",
"a": "1"
},
"name": "sl-decl-noun-m-ov"
}
],
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovene entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "sl",
"name": "Canids",
"orig": "sl:Canids",
"parents": [
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "vôlkec"
},
{
"word": "volkúlja"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"id": "en-volk-sl-noun-92thuWLb",
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʋɔ́ːʋk/"
}
],
"word": "volk"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "volkslied"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "volk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: volk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: volk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "volk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch volk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "volc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch volc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "folc"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch folc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fulką"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fulką",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch volk, from Middle Dutch volc, from Old Dutch folc, from Proto-Germanic *fulką.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "volke",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "volkere",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "volkie",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "diminutive",
"12": "volkie",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "volke",
"7": "or",
"8": "volkere",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "volk (plural volke or volkere, diminutive volkie)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "volke",
"2": "volkie",
"pl2": "volkere"
},
"expansion": "volk (plural volke or volkere, diminutive volkie)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans nouns",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Afrikaans terms with audio links"
],
"glosses": [
"people"
],
"links": [
[
"people",
"people#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɔlk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-volk.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-volk.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-volk.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-volk.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-volk.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "volk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch neuter nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -eren",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɔlk",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɔlk/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bevolken"
},
{
"word": "volkenrecht"
},
{
"word": "volks"
},
{
"word": "volksbuurt"
},
{
"word": "volksfeest"
},
{
"word": "volksgericht"
},
{
"word": "volkslied"
},
{
"word": "volksmenner"
},
{
"word": "volksmond"
},
{
"word": "volkspartij"
},
{
"word": "volksverhaal"
},
{
"word": "volkszanger"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "volk"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: volk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: volk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "volk",
"3": "folok",
"4": "folk",
"5": "fulok",
"6": "fuluk",
"7": "folluk"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: volk, folok, folk, fulok, fuluk, folluk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: volk, folok, folk, fulok, fuluk, folluk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "folku",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sranan Tongo: folku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sranan Tongo: folku"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "volc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch volc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "folc"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch folc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*folk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *folk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fulką"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fulką",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch volc, from Old Dutch folc, from Proto-West Germanic *folk, from Proto-Germanic *fulką.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "volken",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "volkeren",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "volkje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-en",
"3": "volkje",
"pl2": "-eren"
},
"expansion": "volk n (plural volken or volkeren, diminutive volkje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"volk"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"people, nation"
],
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"nation",
"nation"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "natie"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tribe"
],
"links": [
[
"tribe",
"tribe"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "stam"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "André Hazes was een volkszanger.\nAndré Hazes was a working-class singer.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"folk, the common people, the lower classes, the working classes"
],
"links": [
[
"folk",
"folk"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"classes",
"classes"
],
[
"working classes",
"working classes"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch informal terms",
"Dutch terms with usage examples",
"Dutch uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Were there a lot of people at the meeting?",
"text": "Was er veel volk bij de bijeenkomst?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"people (many individuals)"
],
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, uncountable) people (many individuals)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mensen"
},
{
"word": "lieden"
},
{
"word": "lui"
}
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vɔlk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔlk"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-volk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/Nl-volk.ogg/Nl-volk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Nl-volk.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "volk"
}
{
"categories": [
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English pluralia tantum",
"English terms borrowed from Afrikaans",
"English terms derived from Afrikaans",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁-"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "af",
"3": "volk"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans volk",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "folk"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of folk",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Afrikaans volk. Doublet of folk.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "p"
},
"expansion": "volk pl (plural only)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"South African English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Nadine Gordimer, No Time Like the Present, Bloomsbury, published 2013, page 22",
"text": "The lover, Tertius […] is a journalist regarded by many of his family as a traitor to the volk.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Afrikaner people."
],
"links": [
[
"Afrikaner",
"Afrikaner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(South Africa) The Afrikaner people."
],
"tags": [
"South-Africa",
"plural",
"plural-only"
]
}
],
"word": "volk"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English pluralia tantum"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "volk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English volk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "folk"
},
"expansion": "folk",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vixen"
},
"expansion": "vixen",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English volk, southern form of folk; compare vixen.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "p"
},
"expansion": "volk pl (plural only)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "folk"
}
],
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1912, Thomas Hardy, chapter III, in Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman […] (The Works of Thomas Hardy in Prose and Verse), Wessex edition, London: Macmillan and Co., […], →OCLC, phase the first (The Maiden), page 21",
"text": "No doubt a mampus of volk of our own rank will be down here in their carriages as soon as 'tis known.\nEarlier editions have folk.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of folk"
],
"links": [
[
"folk",
"folk#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now obsolete or dialectal) Alternative form of folk"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"plural",
"plural-only"
]
}
],
"word": "volk"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "volks",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-decl-noun-n-s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "volk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volkið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volkið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volkinu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volksins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "-",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "volks",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "no plural",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "volk n (genitive singular volks, no plural)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "volks",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "volk n (genitive singular volks, no plural)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "v",
"2": "o",
"3": "lk",
"pl": "-"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-n-s"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n-s",
"accp": "volk",
"accpd": "volkin",
"accs": "volk",
"accsd": "volkið",
"datp": "volkum",
"datpd": "volkunum",
"dats": "volki",
"datsd": "volkinu",
"def": "{{{def}}}",
"genp": "volka",
"genpd": "volkanna",
"gens": "volks",
"gensd": "volksins",
"indef": "{{{indef}}}",
"nomp": "volk",
"nompd": "volkin",
"noms": "volk",
"nomsd": "volkið",
"pl": "-",
"sg": "{{{sg}}}"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n-s",
"accs": "volk",
"accsd": "volkið",
"dats": "volki",
"datsd": "volkinu",
"gens": "volks",
"gensd": "volksins",
"noms": "volk",
"nomsd": "volkið"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base/sg"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic lemmas",
"Icelandic neuter nouns",
"Icelandic nouns",
"Icelandic uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"difficulty, trouble, hardship"
],
"links": [
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"no-plural"
]
}
],
"word": "volk"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "volk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "folk"
}
],
"categories": [
"Kentish Middle English",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Southern Middle English"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of folk"
],
"links": [
[
"folk",
"folk#Middle English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern, Kent) Alternative form of folk"
],
"tags": [
"Kent",
"Southern",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "volk"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "vôlkec"
},
{
"word": "volkúlja"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*vьlkъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьlkъ",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *vьlkъ",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vȏłk",
"tags": [
"animate",
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sl-decl-noun-m-ov",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "please help by adding the tonal marks.",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sl-decl-noun-m-ov",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hard o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "vôlk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôvi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vôlka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôv",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôv",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vôlku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôvoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôvom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vôlka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôve",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vôlku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôvih",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôvih",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vôlkom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôvoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "volkôvi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vȏłk",
"2": "m-an"
},
"expansion": "vȏłk m anim",
"name": "sl-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vôlk",
"a": "1"
},
"name": "sl-decl-noun-m-ov"
}
],
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Requests for accents in Slovene noun entries",
"Slovene 1-syllable words",
"Slovene animate nouns",
"Slovene entries with incorrect language header",
"Slovene lemmas",
"Slovene masculine animate nouns",
"Slovene masculine hard o-stem nouns",
"Slovene masculine nouns",
"Slovene masculine o-stem nouns with plural in -ov-",
"Slovene nouns",
"Slovene terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Slovene terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation",
"sl:Canids"
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʋɔ́ːʋk/"
}
],
"word": "volk"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Icelandic]; cleaned text: n-s",
"path": [
"volk"
],
"section": "Icelandic",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "volk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker",
"path": [
"volk"
],
"section": "Slovene",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "volk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for please help by adding the tonal marks.",
"path": [
"volk"
],
"section": "Slovene",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "volk",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.