See victual on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for victual meaning in All languages combined (28.3kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷeyh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vitaile"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vitaile",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "vitaylle",
"t": "food; food and drink, especially as needed for sustenance; (usually in the plural) food and drink stores or supplies; rations; provision of food and drink as a military stipend; crops"
},
"expansion": "vitaylle (“food; food and drink, especially as needed for sustenance; (usually in the plural) food and drink stores or supplies; rations; provision of food and drink as a military stipend; crops”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wetale, wetel, wetell, wetil, wettaile, wetyl, wictale, witale, wittale, wytale, vetail, vetaile, vetaille, vetal, vetale, vetalle, vetel, vetell, victaile, victaille, victuaile, vitail, vitaill, vitaille, vital, vitall, vitale, vitayle, vitayll, viteil, vitel, vitell, vittaile, vittaille, vittale, vittal, vittall, vittell, vytaile, vytaille, vytale, vytall, vytayl, vytayle, vytayll, vytaylle, (Scotland) wictaill, wittail, wittaile, wittaill, wytaill, wytaylle",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "vitaile"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman vitaile",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "vitaille"
},
"expansion": "vitaille",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vitelle, vittaille",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vitaile"
},
"expansion": "Old French vitaile",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "vitaille"
},
"expansion": "vitaille",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "victaille",
"t": "food, provisions, victuals"
},
"expansion": "victaille (“food, provisions, victuals”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "victoaille, vitail, vitale, vitalle, vittalle",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "victuaille"
},
"expansion": "French victuaille",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "victuālia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin victuālia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neuter"
},
"expansion": "neuter",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "plural"
},
"expansion": "plural",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "LL.",
"2": "victuālis",
"t": "nutritional"
},
"expansion": "victuālis (“nutritional”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "victus",
"t": "that which sustains life, diet, nourishment, provision"
},
"expansion": "Latin victus (“that which sustains life, diet, nourishment, provision”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ālis",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns"
},
"expansion": "-ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "Vīctus"
},
"expansion": "Vīctus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vīvō",
"t": "to live; to be alive, survive; to reside in"
},
"expansion": "vīvō (“to live; to be alive, survive; to reside in”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷeyh₃-",
"t": "to live"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-tus",
"pos": "suffix forming action nouns from verbs"
},
"expansion": "-tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "LL.",
"2": "victuālia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin victuālia",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vitaile, vitaylle (“food; food and drink, especially as needed for sustenance; (usually in the plural) food and drink stores or supplies; rations; provision of food and drink as a military stipend; crops”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman vitaile, vitaille [and other forms] and Old French vitaile, vitaille, victaille (“food, provisions, victuals”) [and other forms] (modern French victuaille), from Late Latin victuālia, the neuter plural of victuālis (“nutritional”), from Latin victus (“that which sustains life, diet, nourishment, provision”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns). Vīctus is derived from vīvō (“to live; to be alive, survive; to reside in”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs).\nThe spelling of the modern English and French words has been influenced by Late Latin victuālia, though the pronunciation of the Middle English, Anglo-Norman, and Middle French words has been retained.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "victuals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "victual (plural victuals)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vic‧tual"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "manavilins"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 32 8 0 22 11 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Food and drink",
"orig": "en:Food and drink",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1797, Robert Burns, “[No. 543] Robin Shure in Hairst. […]”, in James Johnson, compiler, The Scots Musical Museum: […], volume V, Edinburgh: […] James Johnson […], published 1796, →OCLC, page 562",
"text": "Robin promis'd me / A' my winter vittle; / Fient haet he had but three / Goos feathers and whittle.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Food fit for human (or occasionally animal) consumption."
],
"id": "en-victual-en-noun-b1WCeYa0",
"links": [
[
"Food",
"food"
],
[
"fit",
"fit#Adjective"
],
[
"human",
"human#Adjective"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"consumption",
"consumption"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Food fit for human (or occasionally animal) consumption."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "85 9 5 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hrana",
"sense": "food fit for human consumption",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "храна"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 9 5 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "food fit for human consumption",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "jídlo"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 9 5 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "food fit for human consumption",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fóstraþ"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 9 5 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "food fit for human consumption",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bíleofa"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 9 5 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "food fit for human consumption",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "swǽsendu"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 32 8 0 22 11 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Food and drink",
"orig": "en:Food and drink",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Food supplies; provisions."
],
"id": "en-victual-en-noun-NzDmlLQK",
"links": [
[
"Food",
"food"
],
[
"supplies",
"supply"
],
[
"provision",
"provision"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, chiefly in the plural) Food supplies; provisions."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"in-plural"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mtʿerkʿ",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"word": "մթերք"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prodovolstvie",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "продоволствие"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "provizii",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "провизии"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "jídlo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "proviant"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "proviand"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "victuaille"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "victuailles"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "vivres"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vitualla"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗrovizia",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"word": "პროვიზია"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sanovage",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"word": "სანოვაგე"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "xoragi",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"word": "ხორაგი"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sursati",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"word": "სურსათი"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Proviant"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "āhār",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "आहार"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vettovaglia"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"word": "kamenga"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prowiant"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vitualhas"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "viadalhas"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proviánt",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "провиа́нт"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "khādya",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "खाद्य"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "psuras",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "प्सुरस्"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vitualla"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "vituallas"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "víveres"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "viktualie"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "proviant"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Edible plants."
],
"id": "en-victual-en-noun-FbxK0X6g",
"links": [
[
"Edible",
"edible#Adjective"
],
[
"plants",
"plant#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(specifically, obsolete)",
"Edible plants."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"specifically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 5 32 28 23 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 4 33 27 23 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1785 September 13, Robert Burns, “Epistles in Verse. To J. Lapraik.”, in R[obert] H[artley] Cromek, compiler, Reliques of Robert Burns; Consisting Chiefly of Original Letters, Poems, and Critical Observations on Scottish Songs, London: […] J. M’Creery, for T[homas] Cadell, and W[illiam] Davies, […], published 1808, →OCLC, page 391",
"text": "But if the beast and branks be spar'd / Till kye be gaun without the herd, / An' a' the vittel in the yard, / An' theckit right, / I mean your ingle-side to guard / Ae winter night.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Grain of any kind."
],
"id": "en-victual-en-noun-acfTu2Mf",
"links": [
[
"Grain",
"grain#Noun"
],
[
"kind",
"kind#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(specifically, obsolete)",
"(Scotland) Grain of any kind."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"obsolete",
"specifically"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪtəl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈvɪtɫ̩]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪtəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-ɾ(ə)ɫ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪtəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-victual.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-victual.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-victual.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-victual.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-victual.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "victuall"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vittle"
}
],
"word": "victual"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "victualer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "victualler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "victualled"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "victualling bill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "victualling house"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "victualling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "victualling yard"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vitailen",
"t": "to provide (someone, a castle, a ship, etc., or oneself) with supplies of food, drink, or other needs; (figuratively) to load (a ship with troops and materiel); to fortify, nourish"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vitailen (“to provide (someone, a castle, a ship, etc., or oneself) with supplies of food, drink, or other needs; (figuratively) to load (a ship with troops and materiel); to fortify, nourish”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fetaile, vetaile, vetaille, vetayle, vetele, vitail, vitaile, vitaille, vitale, vitayle, vitaylle, vitel, vitell, vitele, vittail, vittaile, vittall, vitule, vytaile, vytaille, vytale, vytayle, vytaylle, vytel, (Scotland) wittale, wittule, vittale",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "vitailer"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman vitailer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "vitailler"
},
"expansion": "vitailler",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vitailler"
},
"expansion": "Old French vitailler",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "victuailler"
},
"expansion": "victuailler",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vitaillier, vituailler",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "vitaile"
},
"expansion": "vitaile",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "vitaille"
},
"expansion": "vitaille",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "victaille",
"t": "food, provisions, victuals"
},
"expansion": "victaille (“food, provisions, victuals”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive"
},
"expansion": "infinitive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "conjugation"
},
"expansion": "conjugation",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-ier",
"pos": "suffix forming infinitives of first conjugation verbs"
},
"expansion": "-ier (suffix forming infinitives of first conjugation verbs)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vitailen (“to provide (someone, a castle, a ship, etc., or oneself) with supplies of food, drink, or other needs; (figuratively) to load (a ship with troops and materiel); to fortify, nourish”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman vitailer, vitailler, and Old French vitailler, victuailler [and other forms], from vitaile, vitaille, victaille (“food, provisions, victuals”) (see further at etymology 1) + -er (a variant of -ier (suffix forming infinitives of first conjugation verbs)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "victuals",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "victualing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "victualling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "victualed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "victualed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "victualled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "victualled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj-simple",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "victual",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "victualled",
"past_ptc2": "victualled",
"pres_ptc2": "victualling"
},
"expansion": "victual (third-person singular simple present victuals, present participle victualing or victualling, simple past and past participle victualed or victualled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vic‧tual"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "victualled",
"pres_2sg_old2": "victuallest",
"pres_3sg_old2": "victualleth",
"pres_ptc2": "victualling"
},
"name": "en-conj-simple"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 5 32 28 23 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 4 33 27 23 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 32 8 0 22 11 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Food and drink",
"orig": "en:Food and drink",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1625 July, Walter Yonge, edited by George Roberts, The Diary of Walter Yonge, Esq. […], Written at Colyton and Axminster, Co. Devon, from 1604 to 1628, London: Printed for the Camden Society, by J[ohn] B[oyer] Nichols and Son, […], published 1848, →OCLC, page 85",
"text": "Spinola [Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquess of Los Balbases] continueth in his trenches before Breda, and victualeth and strengtheneth Breda, which being done, it is thought he will besiege Bergen op Zoom.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1681, Robert Knox, “[Nineteen Years’ Captivity in the Kingdom of Conde Uda in the Highlands of Ceylon, […].] Concerning Some Other Nations, and Chiefly European that Now Live in the Island. The Portuguese and Dutch.”, in Edward Arber, compiler, An English Garner: Ingatherings from Our History and Literature, volume I, London: […] E. Arber, […], published 15 November 1877, →OCLC, part II, stanza XXXIX, page 435",
"text": "He victualleth his soldiers during the time they are upon the guard, either about the palace or abroad in the wars: whereas it is contrary in the King's country; for the Cingalese soldiers bear their own expenses.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1683, J. S., “[A Discourse of Trade. […].] That the People and Territories of the King of England are Naturaly as Considerable for Wealth and Strength as Those of France.”, in The Present State of England. Part III. and Part IV. […], London: […] [R. Holt] for William Whitwood, […], →OCLC, part IV, page 59",
"text": "I could here ſet down the very number of Acres that would bear Bread and Drink, Corn, together with Fleſh, Butter, and Cheeſe, ſufficient to Victual nine Millions of Perſons, as they are Victualled in Ships and regular Families; but I ſhall only ſay in general that 12,000,00. will do it, […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1838, William H[ickling] Prescott, “War of Granada.—Conquest of Baza.—Submission of El Zagal. 1487–1489.”, in History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella. […], 3rd edition, volume I, New York, N.Y.: A[lbert] L[evi] Burt, →OCLC, pages 308–309",
"text": "These veterans were commissioned to defend the place to the last extremity; and, as due time had been given for preparation, the town was victualled for fifteen months' provisions, and even the crops growing in the vega had been garnered before their prime, to save them from the hands of the enemy.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1857 March, I. P. W., “Historical Sketches of British Commerce.—No. 3. A.D. 1400–1600.”, in The Sailor’s Magazine, volume 29, number 7, New York, N.Y.: The American Seamen’s Friend Society, […], →OCLC, page 194, column 2",
"text": "In 1512 an agreement was made between him [Henry VIII] and his admiral, Sir Edward Howard, which affords an interesting view of the manner in which fleets of war were then maintained. […] It was also stipulated that, \"forasmuch as our Sovereign lord at his costs and charges victualeth the said army and navy, the said admiral shall therefore reserve for the king the one-half of all gains and winnings of the war,[…]\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food; to provision."
],
"id": "en-victual-en-verb-6H3~3a1J",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"troops",
"troop#Noun"
],
[
"place",
"place#Noun"
],
[
"ship",
"ship#Noun"
],
[
"stock",
"stock#Noun"
],
[
"victuals",
"victual#Noun"
],
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"provision",
"provision#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, reflexive, chiefly military, nautical) To provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food; to provision."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"reflexive",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"nautical",
"politics",
"transport",
"war"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 9 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zásobit potravinami"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9 0",
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"sense": "to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision",
"word": "vitailler"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision",
"word": "vettovagliare"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9 0",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision",
"word": "vitailen"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision",
"word": "fóstrian"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision",
"word": "vitualhar"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision",
"word": "vituallar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 5 32 28 23 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 4 33 27 23 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 32 8 0 22 11 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Food and drink",
"orig": "en:Food and drink",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1568 April 13, William Drury, “Containing Matters of State from the Earl of Moray’s Acceptation of the Regency in the Month of August 1567, till the Queen’s Retreat into England in the Month of May 1568”, in Robert Keith, edited by John Parker Lawson, History of the Affairs of Church and State in Scotland, from the Beginning of the Reformation to the Year 1568. […], volume II, Edinburgh: […] [Alexander Laurie and Co.] for the Spottiswoode Society, published 1845, →OCLC, page 792",
"text": "[Letter from Sir William Drury to Sir William Cecil, 3d April 1568 (Julian calendar).] The Lord Fleming [i.e., John Fleming, 5th Lord Fleming], notwithstanding he still victualleth and maketh provision, he hath offered three personages of as great livehood as himself to enter caution and surety unto the [James Stewart, 1st] Earl of Moray, that he shall only hold the place at the devotion and service of the young King, and to no other.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1779 March, “America”, in The Scots Magazine; or, General Repository of Literature, History, and Politics, volume XLI (volume, New Series), Edinburgh: […] A. Murray and J. Cochran, →OCLC, pages 143–145",
"text": "A letter from Lt.-Gen. [John] Burgoyne to Maj.-Gen. [William] Heath, Jan. 24. 1778. […] [T]he fleet was fully victualled for four months, for the whole of the land-army and ſeamen.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To lay in or procure food supplies."
],
"id": "en-victual-en-verb-~jd9Z9iL",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"lay in",
"lay in"
],
[
"procure",
"procure"
],
[
"supplies",
"supply#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, chiefly military, nautical) To lay in or procure food supplies."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"nautical",
"politics",
"transport",
"war"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to lay in or procure food supplies",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zásobit potravinami"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to lay in or procure food supplies",
"word": "fóstrian"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To eat."
],
"id": "en-victual-en-verb-RCpYtcIK",
"links": [
[
"eat",
"eat#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To eat."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪtəl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈvɪtɫ̩]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪtəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-ɾ(ə)ɫ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪtəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-victual.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-victual.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-victual.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-victual.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-victual.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "victuall"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vittle"
}
],
"word": "victual"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English archaic terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷeyh₃-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɪtəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɪtəl/2 syllables",
"en:Food and drink"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷeyh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vitaile"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vitaile",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "vitaylle",
"t": "food; food and drink, especially as needed for sustenance; (usually in the plural) food and drink stores or supplies; rations; provision of food and drink as a military stipend; crops"
},
"expansion": "vitaylle (“food; food and drink, especially as needed for sustenance; (usually in the plural) food and drink stores or supplies; rations; provision of food and drink as a military stipend; crops”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wetale, wetel, wetell, wetil, wettaile, wetyl, wictale, witale, wittale, wytale, vetail, vetaile, vetaille, vetal, vetale, vetalle, vetel, vetell, victaile, victaille, victuaile, vitail, vitaill, vitaille, vital, vitall, vitale, vitayle, vitayll, viteil, vitel, vitell, vittaile, vittaille, vittale, vittal, vittall, vittell, vytaile, vytaille, vytale, vytall, vytayl, vytayle, vytayll, vytaylle, (Scotland) wictaill, wittail, wittaile, wittaill, wytaill, wytaylle",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "vitaile"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman vitaile",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "vitaille"
},
"expansion": "vitaille",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vitelle, vittaille",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vitaile"
},
"expansion": "Old French vitaile",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "vitaille"
},
"expansion": "vitaille",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "victaille",
"t": "food, provisions, victuals"
},
"expansion": "victaille (“food, provisions, victuals”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "victoaille, vitail, vitale, vitalle, vittalle",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "victuaille"
},
"expansion": "French victuaille",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "victuālia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin victuālia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neuter"
},
"expansion": "neuter",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "plural"
},
"expansion": "plural",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "LL.",
"2": "victuālis",
"t": "nutritional"
},
"expansion": "victuālis (“nutritional”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "victus",
"t": "that which sustains life, diet, nourishment, provision"
},
"expansion": "Latin victus (“that which sustains life, diet, nourishment, provision”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ālis",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns"
},
"expansion": "-ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "Vīctus"
},
"expansion": "Vīctus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vīvō",
"t": "to live; to be alive, survive; to reside in"
},
"expansion": "vīvō (“to live; to be alive, survive; to reside in”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷeyh₃-",
"t": "to live"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-tus",
"pos": "suffix forming action nouns from verbs"
},
"expansion": "-tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "LL.",
"2": "victuālia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin victuālia",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vitaile, vitaylle (“food; food and drink, especially as needed for sustenance; (usually in the plural) food and drink stores or supplies; rations; provision of food and drink as a military stipend; crops”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman vitaile, vitaille [and other forms] and Old French vitaile, vitaille, victaille (“food, provisions, victuals”) [and other forms] (modern French victuaille), from Late Latin victuālia, the neuter plural of victuālis (“nutritional”), from Latin victus (“that which sustains life, diet, nourishment, provision”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns). Vīctus is derived from vīvō (“to live; to be alive, survive; to reside in”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs).\nThe spelling of the modern English and French words has been influenced by Late Latin victuālia, though the pronunciation of the Middle English, Anglo-Norman, and Middle French words has been retained.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "victuals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "victual (plural victuals)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vic‧tual"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "manavilins"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1797, Robert Burns, “[No. 543] Robin Shure in Hairst. […]”, in James Johnson, compiler, The Scots Musical Museum: […], volume V, Edinburgh: […] James Johnson […], published 1796, →OCLC, page 562",
"text": "Robin promis'd me / A' my winter vittle; / Fient haet he had but three / Goos feathers and whittle.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Food fit for human (or occasionally animal) consumption."
],
"links": [
[
"Food",
"food"
],
[
"fit",
"fit#Adjective"
],
[
"human",
"human#Adjective"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"consumption",
"consumption"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Food fit for human (or occasionally animal) consumption."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Food supplies; provisions."
],
"links": [
[
"Food",
"food"
],
[
"supplies",
"supply"
],
[
"provision",
"provision"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, chiefly in the plural) Food supplies; provisions."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Edible plants."
],
"links": [
[
"Edible",
"edible#Adjective"
],
[
"plants",
"plant#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(specifically, obsolete)",
"Edible plants."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"specifically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1785 September 13, Robert Burns, “Epistles in Verse. To J. Lapraik.”, in R[obert] H[artley] Cromek, compiler, Reliques of Robert Burns; Consisting Chiefly of Original Letters, Poems, and Critical Observations on Scottish Songs, London: […] J. M’Creery, for T[homas] Cadell, and W[illiam] Davies, […], published 1808, →OCLC, page 391",
"text": "But if the beast and branks be spar'd / Till kye be gaun without the herd, / An' a' the vittel in the yard, / An' theckit right, / I mean your ingle-side to guard / Ae winter night.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Grain of any kind."
],
"links": [
[
"Grain",
"grain#Noun"
],
[
"kind",
"kind#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(specifically, obsolete)",
"(Scotland) Grain of any kind."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"obsolete",
"specifically"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪtəl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈvɪtɫ̩]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪtəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-ɾ(ə)ɫ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪtəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-victual.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-victual.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-victual.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-victual.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-victual.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "victuall"
},
{
"word": "vittle"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hrana",
"sense": "food fit for human consumption",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "храна"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "food fit for human consumption",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "jídlo"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "food fit for human consumption",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fóstraþ"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "food fit for human consumption",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bíleofa"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "food fit for human consumption",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "swǽsendu"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mtʿerkʿ",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"word": "մթերք"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prodovolstvie",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "продоволствие"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "provizii",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "провизии"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "jídlo"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "proviant"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "proviand"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "victuaille"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "victuailles"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "vivres"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vitualla"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗrovizia",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"word": "პროვიზია"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sanovage",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"word": "სანოვაგე"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "xoragi",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"word": "ხორაგი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sursati",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"word": "სურსათი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Proviant"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "āhār",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "आहार"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vettovaglia"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"word": "kamenga"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prowiant"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vitualhas"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "viadalhas"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proviánt",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "провиа́нт"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "khādya",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "खाद्य"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "psuras",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "प्सुरस्"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vitualla"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "vituallas"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "víveres"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "viktualie"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "food supplies; provisions",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "proviant"
}
],
"word": "victual"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English archaic terms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɪtəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɪtəl/2 syllables",
"en:Food and drink"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "victualer"
},
{
"word": "victualler"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "victualled"
},
{
"word": "victualling bill"
},
{
"word": "victualling house"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "victualling"
},
{
"word": "victualling yard"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vitailen",
"t": "to provide (someone, a castle, a ship, etc., or oneself) with supplies of food, drink, or other needs; (figuratively) to load (a ship with troops and materiel); to fortify, nourish"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vitailen (“to provide (someone, a castle, a ship, etc., or oneself) with supplies of food, drink, or other needs; (figuratively) to load (a ship with troops and materiel); to fortify, nourish”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fetaile, vetaile, vetaille, vetayle, vetele, vitail, vitaile, vitaille, vitale, vitayle, vitaylle, vitel, vitell, vitele, vittail, vittaile, vittall, vitule, vytaile, vytaille, vytale, vytayle, vytaylle, vytel, (Scotland) wittale, wittule, vittale",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "vitailer"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman vitailer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "vitailler"
},
"expansion": "vitailler",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vitailler"
},
"expansion": "Old French vitailler",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "victuailler"
},
"expansion": "victuailler",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vitaillier, vituailler",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "vitaile"
},
"expansion": "vitaile",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "vitaille"
},
"expansion": "vitaille",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "victaille",
"t": "food, provisions, victuals"
},
"expansion": "victaille (“food, provisions, victuals”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive"
},
"expansion": "infinitive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "conjugation"
},
"expansion": "conjugation",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-ier",
"pos": "suffix forming infinitives of first conjugation verbs"
},
"expansion": "-ier (suffix forming infinitives of first conjugation verbs)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vitailen (“to provide (someone, a castle, a ship, etc., or oneself) with supplies of food, drink, or other needs; (figuratively) to load (a ship with troops and materiel); to fortify, nourish”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman vitailer, vitailler, and Old French vitailler, victuailler [and other forms], from vitaile, vitaille, victaille (“food, provisions, victuals”) (see further at etymology 1) + -er (a variant of -ier (suffix forming infinitives of first conjugation verbs)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "victuals",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "victualing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "victualling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "victualed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "victualed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "victualled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "victualled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj-simple",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "victual",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "victualled",
"past_ptc2": "victualled",
"pres_ptc2": "victualling"
},
"expansion": "victual (third-person singular simple present victuals, present participle victualing or victualling, simple past and past participle victualed or victualled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vic‧tual"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "victualled",
"pres_2sg_old2": "victuallest",
"pres_3sg_old2": "victualleth",
"pres_ptc2": "victualling"
},
"name": "en-conj-simple"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English reflexive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Military",
"en:Nautical"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1625 July, Walter Yonge, edited by George Roberts, The Diary of Walter Yonge, Esq. […], Written at Colyton and Axminster, Co. Devon, from 1604 to 1628, London: Printed for the Camden Society, by J[ohn] B[oyer] Nichols and Son, […], published 1848, →OCLC, page 85",
"text": "Spinola [Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquess of Los Balbases] continueth in his trenches before Breda, and victualeth and strengtheneth Breda, which being done, it is thought he will besiege Bergen op Zoom.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1681, Robert Knox, “[Nineteen Years’ Captivity in the Kingdom of Conde Uda in the Highlands of Ceylon, […].] Concerning Some Other Nations, and Chiefly European that Now Live in the Island. The Portuguese and Dutch.”, in Edward Arber, compiler, An English Garner: Ingatherings from Our History and Literature, volume I, London: […] E. Arber, […], published 15 November 1877, →OCLC, part II, stanza XXXIX, page 435",
"text": "He victualleth his soldiers during the time they are upon the guard, either about the palace or abroad in the wars: whereas it is contrary in the King's country; for the Cingalese soldiers bear their own expenses.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1683, J. S., “[A Discourse of Trade. […].] That the People and Territories of the King of England are Naturaly as Considerable for Wealth and Strength as Those of France.”, in The Present State of England. Part III. and Part IV. […], London: […] [R. Holt] for William Whitwood, […], →OCLC, part IV, page 59",
"text": "I could here ſet down the very number of Acres that would bear Bread and Drink, Corn, together with Fleſh, Butter, and Cheeſe, ſufficient to Victual nine Millions of Perſons, as they are Victualled in Ships and regular Families; but I ſhall only ſay in general that 12,000,00. will do it, […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1838, William H[ickling] Prescott, “War of Granada.—Conquest of Baza.—Submission of El Zagal. 1487–1489.”, in History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella. […], 3rd edition, volume I, New York, N.Y.: A[lbert] L[evi] Burt, →OCLC, pages 308–309",
"text": "These veterans were commissioned to defend the place to the last extremity; and, as due time had been given for preparation, the town was victualled for fifteen months' provisions, and even the crops growing in the vega had been garnered before their prime, to save them from the hands of the enemy.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1857 March, I. P. W., “Historical Sketches of British Commerce.—No. 3. A.D. 1400–1600.”, in The Sailor’s Magazine, volume 29, number 7, New York, N.Y.: The American Seamen’s Friend Society, […], →OCLC, page 194, column 2",
"text": "In 1512 an agreement was made between him [Henry VIII] and his admiral, Sir Edward Howard, which affords an interesting view of the manner in which fleets of war were then maintained. […] It was also stipulated that, \"forasmuch as our Sovereign lord at his costs and charges victualeth the said army and navy, the said admiral shall therefore reserve for the king the one-half of all gains and winnings of the war,[…]\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food; to provision."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"troops",
"troop#Noun"
],
[
"place",
"place#Noun"
],
[
"ship",
"ship#Noun"
],
[
"stock",
"stock#Noun"
],
[
"victuals",
"victual#Noun"
],
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"provision",
"provision#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, reflexive, chiefly military, nautical) To provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food; to provision."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"reflexive",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"nautical",
"politics",
"transport",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Military",
"en:Nautical"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1568 April 13, William Drury, “Containing Matters of State from the Earl of Moray’s Acceptation of the Regency in the Month of August 1567, till the Queen’s Retreat into England in the Month of May 1568”, in Robert Keith, edited by John Parker Lawson, History of the Affairs of Church and State in Scotland, from the Beginning of the Reformation to the Year 1568. […], volume II, Edinburgh: […] [Alexander Laurie and Co.] for the Spottiswoode Society, published 1845, →OCLC, page 792",
"text": "[Letter from Sir William Drury to Sir William Cecil, 3d April 1568 (Julian calendar).] The Lord Fleming [i.e., John Fleming, 5th Lord Fleming], notwithstanding he still victualleth and maketh provision, he hath offered three personages of as great livehood as himself to enter caution and surety unto the [James Stewart, 1st] Earl of Moray, that he shall only hold the place at the devotion and service of the young King, and to no other.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1779 March, “America”, in The Scots Magazine; or, General Repository of Literature, History, and Politics, volume XLI (volume, New Series), Edinburgh: […] A. Murray and J. Cochran, →OCLC, pages 143–145",
"text": "A letter from Lt.-Gen. [John] Burgoyne to Maj.-Gen. [William] Heath, Jan. 24. 1778. […] [T]he fleet was fully victualled for four months, for the whole of the land-army and ſeamen.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To lay in or procure food supplies."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"lay in",
"lay in"
],
[
"procure",
"procure"
],
[
"supplies",
"supply#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, chiefly military, nautical) To lay in or procure food supplies."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"nautical",
"politics",
"transport",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To eat."
],
"links": [
[
"eat",
"eat#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To eat."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪtəl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈvɪtɫ̩]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪtəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-ɾ(ə)ɫ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪtəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-victual.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-victual.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-victual.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-victual.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-victual.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "victuall"
},
{
"word": "vittle"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zásobit potravinami"
},
{
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"sense": "to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision",
"word": "vitailler"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision",
"word": "vettovagliare"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision",
"word": "vitailen"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision",
"word": "fóstrian"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision",
"word": "vitualhar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to provide (military troops, a place, a ship, etc., or oneself) with a stock of victuals or food — see also provision",
"word": "vituallar"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to lay in or procure food supplies",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zásobit potravinami"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to lay in or procure food supplies",
"word": "fóstrian"
}
],
"word": "victual"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.