See treuwēn on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "trēowian",
"3": "trīewian",
"4": "trȳwian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: trēowian, trīewian, trȳwian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: trēowian, trīewian, trȳwian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "trewen",
"3": "trowen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: trewen, trowen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "partially"
},
"expansion": "(partially)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: trewen, trowen (partially)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trow"
},
"expansion": "English: trow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: trow"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "trew",
"3": "trow"
},
"expansion": "Scots: trew, trow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: trew, trow"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "trōwia",
"3": "trouwia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: trōwia, trouwia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: trōwia, trouwia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "trouwe",
"3": "trouje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: trouwe, trouje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: trouwe, trouje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*triuwon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *triuwon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *triuwon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "truwen",
"3": "trouwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: truwen, trouwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: truwen, trouwen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "trouwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: trouwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: trouwen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "treuwōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: treuwōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: treuwōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "trûwen",
"3": "trouwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: trûwen, trouwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: trûwen, trouwen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "triuwēn",
"3": "triuwōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: triuwēn, triuwōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: triuwēn, triuwōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "triuwen",
"3": "trouwen",
"4": "trawen",
"5": "trōwen",
"6": "tröuwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: triuwen, trouwen, trawen, trōwen, tröuwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: triuwen, trouwen, trawen, trōwen, tröuwen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "trauen"
},
"expansion": "German: trauen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: trauen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*triuwī",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "stative-fientive",
"t1": "true, faithful"
},
"expansion": "*triuwī (“true, faithful”) + *-ēn",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*treuwu",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "fidelity, pledge"
},
"expansion": "*treuwu (“fidelity, pledge”) + *-ēn",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *triuwī (“true, faithful”) + *-ēn and *treuwu (“fidelity, pledge”) + *-ēn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*treuwēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/treuwēn",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "triuwijan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "trūwēn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (stative-fientive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be faithful"
],
"id": "en-treuwēn-gmw-pro-verb-rm~ifEtn",
"links": [
[
"faithful",
"faithful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to be faithful"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to trust, have faith in"
],
"id": "en-treuwēn-gmw-pro-verb-HkUngoW~",
"links": [
[
"trust",
"trust"
],
[
"faith",
"faith"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to trust, have faith in"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "treuwēn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 3 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (denominative)",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (stative-fientive)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "trēowian",
"3": "trīewian",
"4": "trȳwian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: trēowian, trīewian, trȳwian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: trēowian, trīewian, trȳwian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "trewen",
"3": "trowen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: trewen, trowen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "partially"
},
"expansion": "(partially)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: trewen, trowen (partially)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trow"
},
"expansion": "English: trow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: trow"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "trew",
"3": "trow"
},
"expansion": "Scots: trew, trow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: trew, trow"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "trōwia",
"3": "trouwia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: trōwia, trouwia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: trōwia, trouwia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "trouwe",
"3": "trouje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: trouwe, trouje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: trouwe, trouje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*triuwon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *triuwon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *triuwon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "truwen",
"3": "trouwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: truwen, trouwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: truwen, trouwen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "trouwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: trouwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: trouwen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "treuwōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: treuwōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: treuwōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "trûwen",
"3": "trouwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: trûwen, trouwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: trûwen, trouwen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "triuwēn",
"3": "triuwōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: triuwēn, triuwōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: triuwēn, triuwōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "triuwen",
"3": "trouwen",
"4": "trawen",
"5": "trōwen",
"6": "tröuwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: triuwen, trouwen, trawen, trōwen, tröuwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: triuwen, trouwen, trawen, trōwen, tröuwen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "trauen"
},
"expansion": "German: trauen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: trauen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*triuwī",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "stative-fientive",
"t1": "true, faithful"
},
"expansion": "*triuwī (“true, faithful”) + *-ēn",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*treuwu",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "fidelity, pledge"
},
"expansion": "*treuwu (“fidelity, pledge”) + *-ēn",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *triuwī (“true, faithful”) + *-ēn and *treuwu (“fidelity, pledge”) + *-ēn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "treuwēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "treuw?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*treuwēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/treuwēn",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "triuwijan"
},
{
"word": "trūwēn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to be faithful"
],
"links": [
[
"faithful",
"faithful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to be faithful"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to trust, have faith in"
],
"links": [
[
"trust",
"trust"
],
[
"faith",
"faith"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to trust, have faith in"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "treuwēn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for treuwēn meaning in All languages combined (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.