See trūwēn on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "trūwian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: trūwian\nEnglish: trow",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: trūwian\nEnglish: trow"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "trōwia",
"3": "trouwia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: trōwia, trouwia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: trōwia, trouwia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "trouwe",
"3": "trouje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: trouwe, trouje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: trouwe, trouje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*trūwon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *trūwon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *trūwon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "truwen",
"3": "trouwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: truwen, trouwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: truwen, trouwen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "trouwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: trouwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: trouwen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gitrūwon",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Dutch: gitrūwon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Dutch: gitrūwon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*trūwōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *trūwōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *trūwōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "trûwen",
"3": "trouwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: trûwen, trouwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: trûwen, trouwen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "trūwēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: trūwēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: trūwēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "truwen",
"3": "trūen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: truwen, trūen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: truwen, trūen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "trauen"
},
"expansion": "German: trauen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: trauen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*trūwāną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *trūwāną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *trūwāną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*trūwēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/trūwēn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to trust, have faith in"
],
"id": "en-trūwēn-gmw-pro-verb-HkUngoW~",
"links": [
[
"trust",
"trust"
],
[
"faith",
"faith"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "treuwēn"
},
{
"word": "triuwijan"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "trūwēn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "trūwian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: trūwian\nEnglish: trow",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: trūwian\nEnglish: trow"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "trōwia",
"3": "trouwia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: trōwia, trouwia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: trōwia, trouwia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "trouwe",
"3": "trouje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: trouwe, trouje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: trouwe, trouje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*trūwon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *trūwon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *trūwon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "truwen",
"3": "trouwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: truwen, trouwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: truwen, trouwen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "trouwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: trouwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: trouwen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gitrūwon",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Dutch: gitrūwon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Dutch: gitrūwon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*trūwōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *trūwōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *trūwōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "trûwen",
"3": "trouwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: trûwen, trouwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: trûwen, trouwen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "trūwēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: trūwēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: trūwēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "truwen",
"3": "trūen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: truwen, trūen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: truwen, trūen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "trauen"
},
"expansion": "German: trauen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: trauen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*trūwāną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *trūwāną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *trūwāną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "trūwēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "trūw?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*trūwēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/trūwēn",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "treuwēn"
},
{
"word": "triuwijan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 3 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to trust, have faith in"
],
"links": [
[
"trust",
"trust"
],
[
"faith",
"faith"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "trūwēn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for trūwēn meaning in All languages combined (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.