"touchstone" meaning in All languages combined

See touchstone on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈtʌt͡ʃstəʊn/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav Forms: touchstones [plural]
Etymology: From touch + stone. Etymology templates: {{compound|en|touch|stone}} touch + stone Head templates: {{en-noun}} touchstone (plural touchstones)
  1. A stone used to verify the quality of gold alloys by rubbing them in order to leave a visible trace. Categories (topical): Measuring instruments Translations (stone used to test the quality of gold alloys): مِحَكّ (miḥakk) [masculine] (Arabic), փորձաքար (pʻorjakʻar) (Armenian), froga-harri (Basque), пробен камък (proben kamǎk) [masculine] (Bulgarian), မှတ်ကျောက် (hmatkyauk) (Burmese), pedra de toc [feminine] (Catalan), 試金石 (Chinese Mandarin), 试金石 (shìjīnshí) (Chinese Mandarin), prubířský kámen [masculine] (Czech), prøvesten (Danish), toetssteen [masculine] (Dutch), koetinkivi (Finnish), touchau [masculine] (French), pedra de toque [feminine] (Galician), Prüfstein [masculine] (German), Probierstein [masculine] (German), λυδία λίθος (lydía líthos) (Greek), कसौटी (kasauṭī) [feminine] (Hindi), निकष (nikaṣ) [masculine] (Hindi), निकषण (nikṣaṇ) [masculine] (Hindi), परस (paras) [masculine] (Hindi), पारस (pāras) [masculine] (Hindi), शान (śān) [masculine] (Hindi), सान (sān) [masculine] (Hindi), स्पर्शमणि (sparśamṇi) [feminine] (Hindi), próbakő (Hungarian), prófsteinn [masculine] (Icelandic), pietra di paragone (Italian), 試金石 (shikin seki) (alt: しきんせき) (Japanese), 시금석 (sigeumseok) (Korean), prøvestein (Norwegian Bokmål), prøvestein (Norwegian Nynorsk), սմպատակ (smpatak) (Old Armenian), مهنك (mehenk) (Ottoman Turkish), سنگ محک (Persian), kamień probierczy [masculine] (Polish), pedra de toque [feminine] (Portuguese), проби́рный ка́мень (probírnyj kámenʹ) [masculine] (Russian), пробни камен [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), probni kamen [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), piedra de toque [feminine] (Spanish), toque [masculine] (Spanish), probersten [common-gender] (Swedish), prövosten [common-gender] (Swedish), denek taşı (Turkish), mihenk (Turkish), mihenk taşı (Turkish), пробірний камінь (probirnyj kaminʹ) [masculine] (Ukrainian), אבֿן־בוחן (evn-boykhn) [masculine] (Yiddish)
    Sense id: en-touchstone-en-noun-B3algWqW Disambiguation of Measuring instruments: 93 7 Categories (other): Terms with Mandarin translations Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 46 54 Disambiguation of 'stone used to test the quality of gold alloys': 98 2
  2. (figurative, by extension) A standard of comparison or evaluation. Tags: broadly, figuratively Categories (topical): Gold Translations (standard of comparison or evaluation): չափանիշ (čʻapʻaniš) (Armenian), փորձաքար (pʻorjakʻar) (Armenian), критерий (kriterij) [masculine] (Bulgarian), 試金石 (Chinese Mandarin), 试金石 (shìjīnshí) (Chinese Mandarin), maatstaf [masculine] (Dutch), toetssteen [masculine] (Dutch), koetinkivi (Finnish), pierre de touche [feminine] (French), pedra de toque [feminine] (Galician), Prüfstein [masculine] (German), मानदंड (māndaṇḍ) [masculine] (Hindi), पैमाना (paimānā) [masculine] (Hindi), परीक्षा (parīkṣā) [feminine] (Hindi), कसौटी (kasauṭī) [feminine] (Hindi), निकषण (nikṣaṇ) [masculine] (Hindi), ismérv (Hungarian), kritérium (Hungarian), pietra di paragone [feminine] (Italian), 試金石 (shikin seki) (alt: しきんせき) (Japanese), 기준 (gijun) (Korean), probierz [masculine] (Polish), pedra de toque [feminine] (Portuguese), norma [feminine] (Spanish), prövosten [common-gender] (Swedish), denek taşı (Turkish), mihenk (Turkish), mihenk taşı (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-touchstone-en-noun-jNExfuDp Disambiguation of Gold: 40 60 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Basque translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Burmese translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hindi translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Icelandic translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations, Terms with Old Armenian translations, Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations, Terms with Yiddish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 20 80 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 28 72 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 17 83 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 12 88 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 32 68 Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 33 67 Disambiguation of Terms with Basque translations: 33 67 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 33 67 Disambiguation of Terms with Burmese translations: 39 61 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 33 67 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 30 70 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 26 74 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 36 64 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 33 67 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 33 67 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 35 65 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 42 58 Disambiguation of Terms with Hindi translations: 27 73 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 39 61 Disambiguation of Terms with Icelandic translations: 33 67 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 27 73 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 27 73 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 33 67 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 46 54 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations: 36 64 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations: 11 89 Disambiguation of Terms with Old Armenian translations: 38 62 Disambiguation of Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations: 37 63 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 33 67 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 40 60 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 32 68 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 27 73 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 33 67 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 26 74 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 30 70 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 30 70 Disambiguation of Terms with Ukrainian translations: 33 67 Disambiguation of Terms with Yiddish translations: 30 70 Disambiguation of 'standard of comparison or evaluation': 4 96
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: bellwether, benchmark, model, norm, exemplar, standard, capstone, cornerstone, keystone

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "touch",
        "3": "stone"
      },
      "expansion": "touch + stone",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From touch + stone.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "touchstones",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "touchstone (plural touchstones)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "bellwether"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "benchmark"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "model"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "norm"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "exemplar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "standard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "capstone"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cornerstone"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "keystone"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "93 7",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Measuring instruments",
          "orig": "en:Measuring instruments",
          "parents": [
            "Tools",
            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A stone used to verify the quality of gold alloys by rubbing them in order to leave a visible trace."
      ],
      "id": "en-touchstone-en-noun-B3algWqW",
      "links": [
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "verify",
          "verify"
        ],
        [
          "quality",
          "quality"
        ],
        [
          "gold",
          "gold"
        ],
        [
          "alloys",
          "alloys"
        ],
        [
          "rub",
          "rub"
        ],
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ],
        [
          "leave",
          "leave"
        ],
        [
          "visible",
          "visible"
        ],
        [
          "trace",
          "trace"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "miḥakk",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "مِحَكّ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "pʻorjakʻar",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "word": "փորձաքար"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "xcl",
          "lang": "Old Armenian",
          "roman": "smpatak",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "word": "սմպատակ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "word": "froga-harri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "proben kamǎk",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "пробен камък"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "my",
          "lang": "Burmese",
          "roman": "hmatkyauk",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "word": "မှတ်ကျောက်"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pedra de toc"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "word": "試金石"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "shìjīnshí",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "word": "试金石"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "prubířský kámen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "word": "prøvesten"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "toetssteen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "word": "koetinkivi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "touchau"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pedra de toque"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Prüfstein"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Probierstein"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "lydía líthos",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "word": "λυδία λίθος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "kasauṭī",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "कसौटी"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "nikaṣ",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "निकष"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "nikṣaṇ",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "निकषण"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "paras",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "परस"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "pāras",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "पारस"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "śān",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "शान"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "sān",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "सान"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "sparśamṇi",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "स्पर्शमणि"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "word": "próbakő"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "prófsteinn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "word": "pietra di paragone"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "alt": "しきんせき",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "shikin seki",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "word": "試金石"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "sigeumseok",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "word": "시금석"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "word": "prøvestein"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "word": "prøvestein"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "roman": "mehenk",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "word": "مهنك"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "word": "سنگ محک"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "kamień probierczy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pedra de toque"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "probírnyj kámenʹ",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "проби́рный ка́мень"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "пробни камен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "probni kamen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "piedra de toque"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "toque"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "probersten"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "prövosten"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "word": "denek taşı"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "word": "mihenk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "word": "mihenk taşı"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "probirnyj kaminʹ",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "пробірний камінь"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "yi",
          "lang": "Yiddish",
          "roman": "evn-boykhn",
          "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "אבֿן־בוחן"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 72",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 83",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 88",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Basque translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Burmese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 70",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 74",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Danish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 64",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Galician translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 65",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 58",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 73",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 73",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 73",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Korean translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 64",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 89",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Old Armenian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 63",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Persian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 60",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 73",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 74",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 70",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 70",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 70",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 60",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Gold",
          "orig": "en:Gold",
          "parents": [
            "Transition metals",
            "Chemical elements",
            "Metals",
            "Matter",
            "Metallurgy",
            "Chemistry",
            "Nature",
            "Technology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:",
          "text": "The foregoing doctrine affords us also a touchstone for the trial of spirits.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1950 January, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 12:",
          "text": "\"Expectation of life\" is an elastic term: the touchstone here is rather the aggregate amount of work that the locomotive does during its working life.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002 January, Eve Garrard, “Forgiveness and the Holocaust”, in Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, page 147:",
          "text": "Although there has not been very much direct treatment of the Holocaust in analytic moral philosophy, the Nazis appear again and again as examples or touchstones in the construction of moral theories.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, Ann Baynes Coiro, Thomas Fulton, Rethinking Historicism from Shakespeare to Milton, page 243:",
          "text": "In the print firestorm that followed the publication of the royal couple's letters, the generalissima was one polemical touchstone. The Annotations to The Kings Cabinet Opened itself depicted the queen as an enemy to king and country: […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A standard of comparison or evaluation."
      ],
      "id": "en-touchstone-en-noun-jNExfuDp",
      "links": [
        [
          "comparison",
          "comparison"
        ],
        [
          "evaluation",
          "evaluation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, by extension) A standard of comparison or evaluation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "čʻapʻaniš",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "word": "չափանիշ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "pʻorjakʻar",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "word": "փորձաքար"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "kriterij",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "критерий"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "word": "試金石"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "shìjīnshí",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "word": "试金石"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "maatstaf"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "toetssteen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "word": "koetinkivi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pierre de touche"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pedra de toque"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Prüfstein"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "māndaṇḍ",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "मानदंड"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "paimānā",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "पैमाना"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "parīkṣā",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "परीक्षा"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "kasauṭī",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "कसौटी"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "nikṣaṇ",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "निकषण"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "word": "ismérv"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "word": "kritérium"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pietra di paragone"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "alt": "しきんせき",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "shikin seki",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "word": "試金石"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "gijun",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "word": "기준"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "probierz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pedra de toque"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "norma"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "prövosten"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "word": "denek taşı"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "word": "mihenk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
          "word": "mihenk taşı"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtʌt͡ʃstəʊn/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Touchstone (assaying tool)"
  ],
  "word": "touchstone"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English compound terms",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Basque translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Burmese translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hindi translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Icelandic translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
    "Terms with Old Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "Terms with Yiddish translations",
    "en:Gold",
    "en:Measuring instruments"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "touch",
        "3": "stone"
      },
      "expansion": "touch + stone",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From touch + stone.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "touchstones",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "touchstone (plural touchstones)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "bellwether"
    },
    {
      "word": "benchmark"
    },
    {
      "word": "model"
    },
    {
      "word": "norm"
    },
    {
      "word": "exemplar"
    },
    {
      "word": "standard"
    },
    {
      "word": "capstone"
    },
    {
      "word": "cornerstone"
    },
    {
      "word": "keystone"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A stone used to verify the quality of gold alloys by rubbing them in order to leave a visible trace."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "verify",
          "verify"
        ],
        [
          "quality",
          "quality"
        ],
        [
          "gold",
          "gold"
        ],
        [
          "alloys",
          "alloys"
        ],
        [
          "rub",
          "rub"
        ],
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ],
        [
          "leave",
          "leave"
        ],
        [
          "visible",
          "visible"
        ],
        [
          "trace",
          "trace"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:",
          "text": "The foregoing doctrine affords us also a touchstone for the trial of spirits.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1950 January, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 12:",
          "text": "\"Expectation of life\" is an elastic term: the touchstone here is rather the aggregate amount of work that the locomotive does during its working life.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002 January, Eve Garrard, “Forgiveness and the Holocaust”, in Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, page 147:",
          "text": "Although there has not been very much direct treatment of the Holocaust in analytic moral philosophy, the Nazis appear again and again as examples or touchstones in the construction of moral theories.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, Ann Baynes Coiro, Thomas Fulton, Rethinking Historicism from Shakespeare to Milton, page 243:",
          "text": "In the print firestorm that followed the publication of the royal couple's letters, the generalissima was one polemical touchstone. The Annotations to The Kings Cabinet Opened itself depicted the queen as an enemy to king and country: […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A standard of comparison or evaluation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "comparison",
          "comparison"
        ],
        [
          "evaluation",
          "evaluation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, by extension) A standard of comparison or evaluation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtʌt͡ʃstəʊn/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "miḥakk",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "مِحَكّ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "pʻorjakʻar",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "word": "փորձաքար"
    },
    {
      "code": "xcl",
      "lang": "Old Armenian",
      "roman": "smpatak",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "word": "սմպատակ"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "word": "froga-harri"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "proben kamǎk",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "пробен камък"
    },
    {
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "hmatkyauk",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "word": "မှတ်ကျောက်"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pedra de toc"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "word": "試金石"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "shìjīnshí",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "word": "试金石"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "prubířský kámen"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "word": "prøvesten"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "toetssteen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "word": "koetinkivi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "touchau"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pedra de toque"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Prüfstein"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Probierstein"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "lydía líthos",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "word": "λυδία λίθος"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "kasauṭī",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "कसौटी"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "nikaṣ",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "निकष"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "nikṣaṇ",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "निकषण"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "paras",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "परस"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "pāras",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "पारस"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "śān",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "शान"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "sān",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "सान"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "sparśamṇi",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "स्पर्शमणि"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "word": "próbakő"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "prófsteinn"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "word": "pietra di paragone"
    },
    {
      "alt": "しきんせき",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "shikin seki",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "word": "試金石"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "sigeumseok",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "word": "시금석"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "word": "prøvestein"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "word": "prøvestein"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "mehenk",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "word": "مهنك"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "word": "سنگ محک"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kamień probierczy"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pedra de toque"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "probírnyj kámenʹ",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "проби́рный ка́мень"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "пробни камен"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "probni kamen"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "piedra de toque"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "toque"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "probersten"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "prövosten"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "word": "denek taşı"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "word": "mihenk"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "word": "mihenk taşı"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "probirnyj kaminʹ",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "пробірний камінь"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "evn-boykhn",
      "sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "אבֿן־בוחן"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "čʻapʻaniš",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "word": "չափանիշ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "pʻorjakʻar",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "word": "փորձաքար"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "kriterij",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "критерий"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "word": "試金石"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "shìjīnshí",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "word": "试金石"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "maatstaf"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "toetssteen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "word": "koetinkivi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pierre de touche"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pedra de toque"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Prüfstein"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "māndaṇḍ",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "मानदंड"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "paimānā",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "पैमाना"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "parīkṣā",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "परीक्षा"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "kasauṭī",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "कसौटी"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "nikṣaṇ",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "निकषण"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "word": "ismérv"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "word": "kritérium"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pietra di paragone"
    },
    {
      "alt": "しきんせき",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "shikin seki",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "word": "試金石"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "gijun",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "word": "기준"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "probierz"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pedra de toque"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "norma"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "prövosten"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "word": "denek taşı"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "word": "mihenk"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
      "word": "mihenk taşı"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Touchstone (assaying tool)"
  ],
  "word": "touchstone"
}

Download raw JSONL data for touchstone meaning in All languages combined (15.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (bb46d54 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.