See touchstone on Wiktionary
{
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"2": "touch",
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"expansion": "touch + stone",
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"etymology_text": "From touch + stone.",
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"glosses": [
"A stone used to verify the quality of gold alloys by rubbing them in order to leave a visible trace."
],
"id": "en-touchstone-en-noun-B3algWqW",
"links": [
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"stone",
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[
"verify",
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[
"quality",
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[
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[
"alloys",
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[
"rub",
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[
"in order to",
"in order to"
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[
"leave",
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[
"visible",
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[
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"translations": [
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"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "miḥakk",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مِحَكّ"
},
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"_dis1": "98 2",
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"roman": "pʻorjakʻar",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "փորձաքար"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "smpatak",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "սմպատակ"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "froga-harri"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proben kamǎk",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пробен камък"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hmatkyauk",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "မှတ်ကျောက်"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pedra de toc"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shìjīnshí",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "試金石 /试金石"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prubířský kámen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "prøvesten"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "toetssteen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "koetinkivi"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "touchau"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pedra de toque"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Prüfstein"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Probierstein"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "lydía líthos",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "λυδία λίθος"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kasauṭī",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "कसौटी"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "nikaṣ",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "निकष"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "nikṣaṇ",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "निकषण"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hi",
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"roman": "paras",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "परस"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hi",
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"roman": "pāras",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "पारस"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "śān",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "शान"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hi",
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"roman": "sān",
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"masculine"
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"_dis1": "98 2",
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"roman": "sparśamṇi",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "स्पर्शमणि"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "próbakő"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prófsteinn"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "pietra di paragone"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"alt": "しきんせき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shikin seki",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "試金石"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sigeumseok",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "시금석"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "prøvestein"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "prøvestein"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "mehenk",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "مهنك"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "سنگ محک"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kamień probierczy"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pedra de toque"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "probírnyj kámenʹ",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "проби́рный ка́мень"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пробни камен"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "probni kamen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "piedra de toque"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
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"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "toque"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "probersten"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sv",
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"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "prövosten"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "denek taşı"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "mihenk"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "mihenk taşı"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "probirnyj kaminʹ",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пробірний камінь"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "evn-boykhn",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אבֿן־בוחן"
}
]
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:",
"text": "The foregoing doctrine affords us also a touchstone for the trial of spirits.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1950 January, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 12:",
"text": "\"Expectation of life\" is an elastic term: the touchstone here is rather the aggregate amount of work that the locomotive does during its working life.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2002 January, Eve Garrard, “Forgiveness and the Holocaust”, in Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, page 147:",
"text": "Although there has not been very much direct treatment of the Holocaust in analytic moral philosophy, the Nazis appear again and again as examples or touchstones in the construction of moral theories.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Ann Baynes Coiro, Thomas Fulton, Rethinking Historicism from Shakespeare to Milton, page 243:",
"text": "In the print firestorm that followed the publication of the royal couple's letters, the generalissima was one polemical touchstone. The Annotations to The Kings Cabinet Opened itself depicted the queen as an enemy to king and country: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A standard of comparison or evaluation."
],
"id": "en-touchstone-en-noun-jNExfuDp",
"links": [
[
"comparison",
"comparison"
],
[
"evaluation",
"evaluation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, by extension) A standard of comparison or evaluation."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "čʻapʻaniš",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "չափանիշ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʻorjakʻar",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "փորձաքար"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kriterij",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "критерий"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shìjīnshí",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "試金石 /试金石"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "maatstaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "toetssteen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "koetinkivi"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pierre de touche"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pedra de toque"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Prüfstein"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "māndaṇḍ",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "मानदंड"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "paimānā",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "पैमाना"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "parīkṣā",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "परीक्षा"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kasauṭī",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "कसौटी"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "nikṣaṇ",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "निकषण"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "ismérv"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "kritérium"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pietra di paragone"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"alt": "しきんせき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shikin seki",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "試金石"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gijun",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "기준"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "probierz"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pedra de toque"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "norma"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "prövosten"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "denek taşı"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "mihenk"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "mihenk taşı"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtʌt͡ʃstəʊn/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Touchstone (assaying tool)"
],
"word": "touchstone"
}
{
"categories": [
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Old Armenian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Gold",
"en:Measuring instruments"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "touch",
"3": "stone"
},
"expansion": "touch + stone",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From touch + stone.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "touchstones",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "touchstone (plural touchstones)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bellwether"
},
{
"word": "benchmark"
},
{
"word": "model"
},
{
"word": "norm"
},
{
"word": "exemplar"
},
{
"word": "standard"
},
{
"word": "capstone"
},
{
"word": "cornerstone"
},
{
"word": "keystone"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A stone used to verify the quality of gold alloys by rubbing them in order to leave a visible trace."
],
"links": [
[
"stone",
"stone"
],
[
"verify",
"verify"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"gold",
"gold"
],
[
"alloys",
"alloys"
],
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"leave",
"leave"
],
[
"visible",
"visible"
],
[
"trace",
"trace"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:",
"text": "The foregoing doctrine affords us also a touchstone for the trial of spirits.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1950 January, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 12:",
"text": "\"Expectation of life\" is an elastic term: the touchstone here is rather the aggregate amount of work that the locomotive does during its working life.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2002 January, Eve Garrard, “Forgiveness and the Holocaust”, in Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, page 147:",
"text": "Although there has not been very much direct treatment of the Holocaust in analytic moral philosophy, the Nazis appear again and again as examples or touchstones in the construction of moral theories.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Ann Baynes Coiro, Thomas Fulton, Rethinking Historicism from Shakespeare to Milton, page 243:",
"text": "In the print firestorm that followed the publication of the royal couple's letters, the generalissima was one polemical touchstone. The Annotations to The Kings Cabinet Opened itself depicted the queen as an enemy to king and country: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A standard of comparison or evaluation."
],
"links": [
[
"comparison",
"comparison"
],
[
"evaluation",
"evaluation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, by extension) A standard of comparison or evaluation."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtʌt͡ʃstəʊn/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-touchstone.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "miḥakk",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مِحَكّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʻorjakʻar",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "փորձաքար"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "smpatak",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "սմպատակ"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "froga-harri"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proben kamǎk",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пробен камък"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hmatkyauk",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "မှတ်ကျောက်"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pedra de toc"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shìjīnshí",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "試金石 /试金石"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prubířský kámen"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "prøvesten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "toetssteen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "koetinkivi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "touchau"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pedra de toque"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Prüfstein"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Probierstein"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "lydía líthos",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "λυδία λίθος"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kasauṭī",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "कसौटी"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "nikaṣ",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "निकष"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "nikṣaṇ",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "निकषण"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "paras",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "परस"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pāras",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "पारस"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "śān",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "शान"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sān",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "सान"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sparśamṇi",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "स्पर्शमणि"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "próbakő"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prófsteinn"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "pietra di paragone"
},
{
"alt": "しきんせき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shikin seki",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "試金石"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sigeumseok",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "시금석"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "prøvestein"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "prøvestein"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "mehenk",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "مهنك"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "سنگ محک"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kamień probierczy"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pedra de toque"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "probírnyj kámenʹ",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "проби́рный ка́мень"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пробни камен"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "probni kamen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "piedra de toque"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "toque"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "probersten"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "prövosten"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "denek taşı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "mihenk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"word": "mihenk taşı"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "probirnyj kaminʹ",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пробірний камінь"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "evn-boykhn",
"sense": "stone used to test the quality of gold alloys",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אבֿן־בוחן"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "čʻapʻaniš",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "չափանիշ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʻorjakʻar",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "փորձաքար"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kriterij",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "критерий"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shìjīnshí",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "試金石 /试金石"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "maatstaf"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "toetssteen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "koetinkivi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pierre de touche"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pedra de toque"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Prüfstein"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "māndaṇḍ",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "मानदंड"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "paimānā",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "पैमाना"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "parīkṣā",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "परीक्षा"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kasauṭī",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "कसौटी"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "nikṣaṇ",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "निकषण"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "ismérv"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "kritérium"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pietra di paragone"
},
{
"alt": "しきんせき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shikin seki",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "試金石"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gijun",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "기준"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "probierz"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pedra de toque"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "norma"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "prövosten"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "denek taşı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "mihenk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "standard of comparison or evaluation",
"word": "mihenk taşı"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Touchstone (assaying tool)"
],
"word": "touchstone"
}
Download raw JSONL data for touchstone meaning in All languages combined (14.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.