"topography" meaning in All languages combined

See topography on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /təˈpɒɡɹəfi/ [Received-Pronunciation], /təˈpɑɡɹəfi/ [General-American] Audio: en-au-topography.ogg [Australia] Forms: topographies [plural]
Rhymes: -ɒɡɹəfi Etymology: First attested in 1432. From Middle English topographye, from Latin topographia, from Ancient Greek τοπογραφία (topographía), from τόπος (tópos, “place”) + γράφω (gráphō, “I write”). Etymology templates: {{der|en|enm|topographye}} Middle English topographye, {{der|en|la|topographia}} Latin topographia, {{der|en|grc|τοπογραφία|}} Ancient Greek τοπογραφία (topographía), {{m|grc|τόπος||place}} τόπος (tópos, “place”), {{m|grc|γράφω||I write}} γράφω (gráphō, “I write”) Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} topography (countable and uncountable, plural topographies)
  1. A precise description of a place. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (a precise description of a place): τοπογραφία (topographía) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), topográfia (Hungarian), helyrajz (Hungarian), svæðislýsing [feminine] (Icelandic), staðfræði [feminine] (Icelandic), topografi (Indonesian), ឋានលេខន៍ (thanlékhn៍) (Khmer)
    Sense id: en-topography-en-noun-RlZnOgFl Disambiguation of 'a precise description of a place': 91 6 1 1 1
  2. A detailed graphic representation of the surface features of a place or object. Tags: countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-topography-en-noun-46QImn6e
  3. The features themselves; terrain. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (the features themselves (the terrain)): topografia [feminine] (Catalan), 地形 (dìxíng) (Chinese Mandarin), 地勢 (Chinese Mandarin), 地势 (dìshì) (Chinese Mandarin), topografi [common-gender] (Danish), topografio (Esperanto), topografia (Finnish), topographie [feminine] (French), topografía [feminine] (Galician), Topografie [feminine] (German), τοπογραφία (topografía) [feminine] (Greek), טוֹפּוֹגְרַפְיָה [feminine] (Hebrew), topografi (Indonesian), topagrafaíocht [feminine] (Irish), topografia [feminine] (Italian), 地勢 (chisei) (alt: ちせい) (Japanese), 地形 (chikei) (alt: ちけい) (Japanese), topògrafijô [feminine] (Kashubian), topogrāfija [feminine] (Latvian), āhua matawhenua (Maori), takoto o te whenua (Maori), takoto (Maori), topografia [feminine] (Polish), topografia [feminine] (Portuguese), топогра́фия (topográfija) [feminine] (Russian), релье́ф (relʹjéf) [masculine] (Russian), topografía [feminine] (Spanish), kalatagan (Tagalog), talalatagan [science, sciences] (Tagalog), topografi (Turkish), топогра́фія (topohráfija) [feminine] (Ukrainian), טאָפּאָגראַפֿיע (topografye) [feminine] (Yiddish)
    Sense id: en-topography-en-noun-vZtbQkYW Disambiguation of 'the features themselves (the terrain)': 1 4 82 11 3
  4. The surveying of the features. Tags: countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-topography-en-noun-tAJhdnQg
  5. (by extension) A figurative landscape; a structure of interrelated ideas, etc. Tags: broadly, countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-topography-en-noun-8z2X0CyE Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English links with redundant wikilinks, English terms prefixed with topo-, English terms suffixed with -graphy Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 16 11 15 5 54 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 16 11 15 5 53 Disambiguation of English links with redundant wikilinks: 13 10 12 7 58 Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with topo-: 17 16 22 18 28 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -graphy: 12 10 15 12 52
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: basin and range topography, topograph, topographer, topographic, topographical, topographically, topographic prominence Related terms: topology, toponym, toponymic

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for topography meaning in All languages combined (10.4kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "basin and range topography"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "topograph"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "topographer"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "topographic"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "topographical"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "topographically"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "topographic prominence"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "topographye"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English topographye",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "topographia"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin topographia",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "τοπογραφία",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek τοπογραφία (topographía)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "τόπος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "place"
      },
      "expansion": "τόπος (tópos, “place”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "γράφω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "I write"
      },
      "expansion": "γράφω (gráphō, “I write”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in 1432. From Middle English topographye, from Latin topographia, from Ancient Greek τοπογραφία (topographía), from τόπος (tópos, “place”) + γράφω (gráphō, “I write”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "topographies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "topography (countable and uncountable, plural topographies)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "top‧og‧raphy"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "topology"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "toponym"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "toponymic"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A precise description of a place."
      ],
      "id": "en-topography-en-noun-RlZnOgFl",
      "links": [
        [
          "precise",
          "precise"
        ],
        [
          "description",
          "description"
        ],
        [
          "place",
          "place"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "91 6 1 1 1",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "topographía",
          "sense": "a precise description of a place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "τοπογραφία"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 6 1 1 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "a precise description of a place",
          "word": "topográfia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 6 1 1 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "a precise description of a place",
          "word": "helyrajz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 6 1 1 1",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "a precise description of a place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "svæðislýsing"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 6 1 1 1",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "a precise description of a place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "staðfræði"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 6 1 1 1",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "a precise description of a place",
          "word": "topografi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 6 1 1 1",
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "thanlékhn៍",
          "sense": "a precise description of a place",
          "word": "ឋានលេខន៍"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A detailed graphic representation of the surface features of a place or object."
      ],
      "id": "en-topography-en-noun-46QImn6e",
      "links": [
        [
          "detail",
          "detail"
        ],
        [
          "graphic",
          "graphic"
        ],
        [
          "representation",
          "representation"
        ],
        [
          "surface",
          "surface"
        ],
        [
          "feature",
          "feature"
        ],
        [
          "object",
          "object"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The features themselves; terrain."
      ],
      "id": "en-topography-en-noun-vZtbQkYW",
      "links": [
        [
          "terrain",
          "terrain"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "topografia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "dìxíng",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "word": "地形"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "word": "地勢"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "dìshì",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "word": "地势"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "topografi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "word": "topografio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "word": "topografia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "topographie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "topografía"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Topografie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "topografía",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "τοπογραφία"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "טוֹפּוֹגְרַפְיָה"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "word": "topografi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "topagrafaíocht"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "topografia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "alt": "ちせい",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "chisei",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "word": "地勢"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "alt": "ちけい",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "chikei",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "word": "地形"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "csb",
          "lang": "Kashubian",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "topògrafijô"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "topogrāfija"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "word": "āhua matawhenua"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "word": "takoto o te whenua"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "word": "takoto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "topografia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "topografia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "topográfija",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "топогра́фия"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "relʹjéf",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "релье́ф"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "topografía"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "word": "kalatagan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "topics": [
            "science",
            "sciences"
          ],
          "word": "talalatagan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "word": "topografi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "topohráfija",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "топогра́фія"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 82 11 3",
          "code": "yi",
          "lang": "Yiddish",
          "roman": "topografye",
          "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "טאָפּאָגראַפֿיע"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The surveying of the features."
      ],
      "id": "en-topography-en-noun-tAJhdnQg",
      "links": [
        [
          "surveying",
          "surveying"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 11 15 5 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 11 15 5 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 10 12 7 58",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 16 22 18 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with topo-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 10 15 12 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -graphy",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2014, Rachel Lee Rubin, Well Met: Renaissance Faires and the American Counterculture, page 283",
          "text": "With good humor if predictably, the emotional topography of the faire facilitates a kind of liberation from both the closet and the cruelty of high school cliquedom.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A figurative landscape; a structure of interrelated ideas, etc."
      ],
      "id": "en-topography-en-noun-8z2X0CyE",
      "links": [
        [
          "landscape",
          "landscape"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension) A figurative landscape; a structure of interrelated ideas, etc."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/təˈpɒɡɹəfi/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/təˈpɑɡɹəfi/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒɡɹəfi"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-topography.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/En-au-topography.ogg/En-au-topography.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/En-au-topography.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "topography"
  ],
  "word": "topography"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 4-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English links with redundant wikilinks",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms prefixed with topo-",
    "English terms suffixed with -graphy",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Rhymes:English/ɒɡɹəfi",
    "Rhymes:English/ɒɡɹəfi/4 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "basin and range topography"
    },
    {
      "word": "topograph"
    },
    {
      "word": "topographer"
    },
    {
      "word": "topographic"
    },
    {
      "word": "topographical"
    },
    {
      "word": "topographically"
    },
    {
      "word": "topographic prominence"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "topographye"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English topographye",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "topographia"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin topographia",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "τοπογραφία",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek τοπογραφία (topographía)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "τόπος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "place"
      },
      "expansion": "τόπος (tópos, “place”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "γράφω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "I write"
      },
      "expansion": "γράφω (gráphō, “I write”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in 1432. From Middle English topographye, from Latin topographia, from Ancient Greek τοπογραφία (topographía), from τόπος (tópos, “place”) + γράφω (gráphō, “I write”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "topographies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "topography (countable and uncountable, plural topographies)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "top‧og‧raphy"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "topology"
    },
    {
      "word": "toponym"
    },
    {
      "word": "toponymic"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A precise description of a place."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "precise",
          "precise"
        ],
        [
          "description",
          "description"
        ],
        [
          "place",
          "place"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A detailed graphic representation of the surface features of a place or object."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "detail",
          "detail"
        ],
        [
          "graphic",
          "graphic"
        ],
        [
          "representation",
          "representation"
        ],
        [
          "surface",
          "surface"
        ],
        [
          "feature",
          "feature"
        ],
        [
          "object",
          "object"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The features themselves; terrain."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "terrain",
          "terrain"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The surveying of the features."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surveying",
          "surveying"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2014, Rachel Lee Rubin, Well Met: Renaissance Faires and the American Counterculture, page 283",
          "text": "With good humor if predictably, the emotional topography of the faire facilitates a kind of liberation from both the closet and the cruelty of high school cliquedom.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A figurative landscape; a structure of interrelated ideas, etc."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "landscape",
          "landscape"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension) A figurative landscape; a structure of interrelated ideas, etc."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/təˈpɒɡɹəfi/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/təˈpɑɡɹəfi/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒɡɹəfi"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-topography.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/En-au-topography.ogg/En-au-topography.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/En-au-topography.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "topographía",
      "sense": "a precise description of a place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "τοπογραφία"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "a precise description of a place",
      "word": "topográfia"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "a precise description of a place",
      "word": "helyrajz"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "a precise description of a place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "svæðislýsing"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "a precise description of a place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "staðfræði"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "a precise description of a place",
      "word": "topografi"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "thanlékhn៍",
      "sense": "a precise description of a place",
      "word": "ឋានលេខន៍"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "topografia"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "dìxíng",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "word": "地形"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "word": "地勢"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "dìshì",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "word": "地势"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "topografi"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "word": "topografio"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "word": "topografia"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "topographie"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "topografía"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Topografie"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "topografía",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "τοπογραφία"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "טוֹפּוֹגְרַפְיָה"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "word": "topografi"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "topagrafaíocht"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "topografia"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ちせい",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "chisei",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "word": "地勢"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ちけい",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "chikei",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "word": "地形"
    },
    {
      "code": "csb",
      "lang": "Kashubian",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "topògrafijô"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "topogrāfija"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "word": "āhua matawhenua"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "word": "takoto o te whenua"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "word": "takoto"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "topografia"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "topografia"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "topográfija",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "топогра́фия"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "relʹjéf",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "релье́ф"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "topografía"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "word": "kalatagan"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "topics": [
        "science",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "word": "talalatagan"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "word": "topografi"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "topohráfija",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "топогра́фія"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "topografye",
      "sense": "the features themselves (the terrain)",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "טאָפּאָגראַפֿיע"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "topography"
  ],
  "word": "topography"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.