See toilen on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for toilen meaning in All languages combined (6.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "toil"
},
"expansion": "English: toil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: toil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "toil",
"3": "tulyie",
"4": "tulȝe"
},
"expansion": "Scots: toil, tulyie, tulȝe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: toil, tulyie, tulȝe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "toilier"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman toilier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "dum",
"3": "tuylen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch tuylen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "tilyen"
},
"expansion": "tilyen",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely from Anglo-Norman toilier, but possibly from Middle Dutch tuylen. Compare tilyen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "toilen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to toilen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "toile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "toile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toiled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toilest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toiledest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toileth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toiled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "toiled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "toile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toilen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "toile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "toileden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toilede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toileth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "toile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toilynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "toilende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "toiled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ytoiled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "toilen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "toil"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "toyle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "toiling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "toilous"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 14 6 4 8 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "War",
"orig": "enm:War",
"parents": [
"Conflict",
"Military",
"Violence",
"Human behaviour",
"Society",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fight, war, attack; to participate in a conflict."
],
"id": "en-toilen-enm-verb-enm:to_fight",
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"war",
"war"
],
[
"attack",
"attack"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to fight"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 50 14 0 13 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To enter into a legal case; to debate or promote a view."
],
"id": "en-toilen-enm-verb-V2DtoVwp",
"links": [
[
"debate",
"debate"
],
[
"promote",
"promote"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 9 17 3 35 31",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "enm:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To toil, exert oneself; to perform agricultural work."
],
"id": "en-toilen-enm-verb-lxn6m-jI",
"links": [
[
"toil",
"toil"
],
[
"exert",
"exert"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To drag, draw; to forcibly move towards oneself."
],
"id": "en-toilen-enm-verb-ug~tx6JG",
"links": [
[
"drag",
"drag"
],
[
"draw",
"draw"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Cooking",
"orig": "enm:Cooking",
"parents": [
"Food and drink",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 17 3 35 31",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "enm:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To combine the components of a meal."
],
"id": "en-toilen-enm-verb-KFS-4BhX",
"links": [
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cooking) To combine the components of a meal."
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 17 7 3 25 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 16 7 4 22 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 17 3 35 31",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "enm:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 24 11 8 14 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To promote anguish or distraughtness; to taunt or bully."
],
"id": "en-toilen-enm-verb-YIq0~fyv",
"links": [
[
"anguish",
"anguish"
],
[
"distraughtness",
"distraughtness"
],
[
"taunt",
"taunt"
],
[
"bully",
"bully"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To promote anguish or distraughtness; to taunt or bully."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtui̯lən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔi̯lən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "toylen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "toile"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tull"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "toille"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tolyon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tolyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tolyyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tulyn"
}
],
"word": "toilen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Agriculture",
"enm:Law",
"enm:Violence",
"enm:War"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "toil"
},
"expansion": "English: toil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: toil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "toil",
"3": "tulyie",
"4": "tulȝe"
},
"expansion": "Scots: toil, tulyie, tulȝe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: toil, tulyie, tulȝe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "toilier"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman toilier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "dum",
"3": "tuylen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch tuylen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "tilyen"
},
"expansion": "tilyen",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely from Anglo-Norman toilier, but possibly from Middle Dutch tuylen. Compare tilyen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "toilen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to toilen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "toile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "toile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toiled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toilest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toiledest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toileth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toiled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "toiled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "toile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toilen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "toile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "toileden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toilede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toileth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "toile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toilynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "toilende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "toiled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ytoiled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "toilen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "toil"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "toyle"
},
{
"word": "toiling"
},
{
"word": "toilous"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To fight, war, attack; to participate in a conflict."
],
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"war",
"war"
],
[
"attack",
"attack"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to fight"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To enter into a legal case; to debate or promote a view."
],
"links": [
[
"debate",
"debate"
],
[
"promote",
"promote"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To toil, exert oneself; to perform agricultural work."
],
"links": [
[
"toil",
"toil"
],
[
"exert",
"exert"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To drag, draw; to forcibly move towards oneself."
],
"links": [
[
"drag",
"drag"
],
[
"draw",
"draw"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Cooking"
],
"glosses": [
"To combine the components of a meal."
],
"links": [
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cooking) To combine the components of a meal."
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To promote anguish or distraughtness; to taunt or bully."
],
"links": [
[
"anguish",
"anguish"
],
[
"distraughtness",
"distraughtness"
],
[
"taunt",
"taunt"
],
[
"bully",
"bully"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To promote anguish or distraughtness; to taunt or bully."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtui̯lən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔi̯lən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "toylen"
},
{
"word": "toile"
},
{
"word": "tull"
},
{
"word": "toille"
},
{
"word": "tolyon"
},
{
"word": "tolyn"
},
{
"word": "tolyyn"
},
{
"word": "tulyn"
}
],
"word": "toilen"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.