See tharf on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "therf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English therf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þeorf",
"t": "unleavened, fresh, skim"
},
"expansion": "Old English þeorf (“unleavened, fresh, skim”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þerb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þerb",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þerbaz",
"t": "unleavened, simple"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þerbaz (“unleavened, simple”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)terbh-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)terbh-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "derb",
"t": "rough, coarse, rude"
},
"expansion": "German derb (“rough, coarse, rude”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "therve"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian therve",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "derf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch derf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "derp"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German derp",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "þjarfur",
"t": "unleavened"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic þjarfur (“unleavened”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τέρπω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τέρπω (térpō)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English therf, from Old English þeorf (“unleavened, fresh, skim”), from Proto-West Germanic *þerb, from Proto-Germanic *þerbaz (“unleavened, simple”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terbh-, *(s)trebh- (“rigid, stiff, tight”).\nCognate with German derb (“rough, coarse, rude”), Old Frisian therve, Middle Dutch derf, Middle High German derp, Icelandic þjarfur (“unleavened”) and Ancient Greek τέρπω (térpō).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more tharf",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most tharf",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tharf (comparative more tharf, superlative most tharf)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "tharf-cake"
},
{
"word": "tharcake"
},
{
"word": "tharfish"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a tharf person",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Stiff, unsocial, rough in manner."
],
"id": "en-tharf-en-adj-KI3iJhAp",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"Stiff",
"stiff"
],
[
"unsocial",
"unsocial"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"manner",
"manner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, regional British) Stiff, unsocial, rough in manner."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"obsolete",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθɑː(ɹ)f/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)f"
}
],
"word": "tharf"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thair"
},
"expansion": "English: thair",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: thair"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "thair"
},
"expansion": "Scots: thair",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: thair"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þearf"
},
"expansion": "Old English þearf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurfaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurfaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terp-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terp-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "durf",
"3": "",
"4": "(I) dare"
},
"expansion": "Dutch durf (“(I) dare”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "darf",
"3": "",
"4": "(I) am allowed to"
},
"expansion": "German darf (“(I) am allowed to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tarva",
"3": "",
"4": "to require"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tarva (“to require”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "þarf",
"3": "",
"4": "(I) need"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic þarf (“(I) need”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English þearf, first and third person singular indicative of þurfan (“to be in need, have need of, need to, be required to, be obliged to, owe”), from Proto-Germanic *þurfaną, *þurbaną, *þerbaną (“may, need to, be allowed to”), from Proto-Indo-European *terp-, *trep- (“to saturate, enjoy”).\nCognate with Dutch durf (“(I) dare”) (infinitive durven), German darf (“(I) am allowed to”) (infinitive dürfen), Swedish tarva (“to require”), Icelandic þarf (“(I) need”) (infinitive þurfa).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "tharf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "tharen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first/third-person singular present indicative of tharen"
],
"id": "en-tharf-enm-verb-Vh16Z9vK",
"links": [
[
"tharen",
"tharen#Middle_English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "darf"
},
{
"word": "þarf"
}
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "tharf"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "tharf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "therf"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of therf"
],
"id": "en-tharf-enm-adj-MBlV3COw",
"links": [
[
"therf",
"therf#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "tharf"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "*darf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: *darf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: *darf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "bedarf",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: bedarf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: bedarf"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þarbu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þarbu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þarbu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tharvo",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-decl-noun-a-f-v",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tharf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tharva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tharf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tharva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tharvō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tharvanō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tharvu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tharvum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "tharvo",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "tharf f (genitive tharvo)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tharf",
"2": "tharv"
},
"name": "osx-decl-noun-a-f-v"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"need, lack, necessity"
],
"id": "en-tharf-osx-noun-ZdYgVHW1",
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"lack",
"lack"
],
[
"necessity",
"necessity"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "tharfag"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɑrf/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ðɑrf]",
"note": "late Old Saxon"
}
],
"word": "tharf"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "tharf-cake"
},
{
"word": "tharcake"
},
{
"word": "tharfish"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "therf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English therf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þeorf",
"t": "unleavened, fresh, skim"
},
"expansion": "Old English þeorf (“unleavened, fresh, skim”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þerb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þerb",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þerbaz",
"t": "unleavened, simple"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þerbaz (“unleavened, simple”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)terbh-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)terbh-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "derb",
"t": "rough, coarse, rude"
},
"expansion": "German derb (“rough, coarse, rude”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "therve"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian therve",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "derf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch derf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "derp"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German derp",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "þjarfur",
"t": "unleavened"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic þjarfur (“unleavened”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τέρπω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τέρπω (térpō)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English therf, from Old English þeorf (“unleavened, fresh, skim”), from Proto-West Germanic *þerb, from Proto-Germanic *þerbaz (“unleavened, simple”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terbh-, *(s)trebh- (“rigid, stiff, tight”).\nCognate with German derb (“rough, coarse, rude”), Old Frisian therve, Middle Dutch derf, Middle High German derp, Icelandic þjarfur (“unleavened”) and Ancient Greek τέρπω (térpō).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more tharf",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most tharf",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tharf (comparative more tharf, superlative most tharf)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Regional English",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)f",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)f/1 syllable"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a tharf person",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Stiff, unsocial, rough in manner."
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"Stiff",
"stiff"
],
[
"unsocial",
"unsocial"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"manner",
"manner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, regional British) Stiff, unsocial, rough in manner."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"obsolete",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθɑː(ɹ)f/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)f"
}
],
"word": "tharf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thair"
},
"expansion": "English: thair",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: thair"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "thair"
},
"expansion": "Scots: thair",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: thair"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þearf"
},
"expansion": "Old English þearf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurfaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurfaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terp-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terp-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "durf",
"3": "",
"4": "(I) dare"
},
"expansion": "Dutch durf (“(I) dare”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "darf",
"3": "",
"4": "(I) am allowed to"
},
"expansion": "German darf (“(I) am allowed to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tarva",
"3": "",
"4": "to require"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tarva (“to require”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "þarf",
"3": "",
"4": "(I) need"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic þarf (“(I) need”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English þearf, first and third person singular indicative of þurfan (“to be in need, have need of, need to, be required to, be obliged to, owe”), from Proto-Germanic *þurfaną, *þurbaną, *þerbaną (“may, need to, be allowed to”), from Proto-Indo-European *terp-, *trep- (“to saturate, enjoy”).\nCognate with Dutch durf (“(I) dare”) (infinitive durven), German darf (“(I) am allowed to”) (infinitive dürfen), Swedish tarva (“to require”), Icelandic þarf (“(I) need”) (infinitive þurfa).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "tharf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English first-person singular forms",
"Middle English third-person singular forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "tharen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first/third-person singular present indicative of tharen"
],
"links": [
[
"tharen",
"tharen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "darf"
},
{
"word": "þarf"
}
],
"word": "tharf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "tharf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "therf"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of therf"
],
"links": [
[
"therf",
"therf#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "tharf"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "*darf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: *darf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: *darf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "bedarf",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: bedarf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: bedarf"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þarbu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þarbu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þarbu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tharvo",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-decl-noun-a-f-v",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tharf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tharva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tharf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tharva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tharvō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tharvanō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tharvu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tharvum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "tharvo",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "tharf f (genitive tharvo)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tharf",
"2": "tharv"
},
"name": "osx-decl-noun-a-f-v"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "tharfag"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon a-stem nouns",
"Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Saxon feminine nouns",
"Old Saxon lemmas",
"Old Saxon nouns",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"need, lack, necessity"
],
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"lack",
"lack"
],
[
"necessity",
"necessity"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɑrf/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ðɑrf]",
"note": "late Old Saxon"
}
],
"word": "tharf"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tharf meaning in All languages combined (9.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.