"túh₂" meaning in All languages combined

See túh₂ on Wiktionary

Pronoun [Proto-Indo-European]

Etymology: Often compared with similar pronouns in other language families of Eurasia, e.g. Proto-Uralic *tinä. Kloekhorst (2008) proposes that per Anatolian forms such as Hittite 𒍣𒄿𒅅 (zīk), *i rather than *u should be reconstructed in the nominative, which would then suggest an original Indo-Uralic root *ti-. Etymology templates: {{m+|urj-pro|*tinä}} Proto-Uralic *tinä, {{m+|hit|𒍣𒄿𒅅|tr=zīk}} Hittite 𒍣𒄿𒅅 (zīk) Head templates: {{head|ine-pro|pronoun}} *túh₂ Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], tī̆ (tū̆) [nominative, singular], yuh₁ (?yūh₁) [dual, nominative], yūs (?yuHs) [nominative, plural], t-wé ~ *te [accusative, singular], uh₁-wé ~ *wō̆h₁ [accusative, dual], usmé ~ *wō̆s [accusative, plural], té-we ~ *tos [adjective, genitive, singular], - [dual, genitive], usóm ~ *wō̆s [genitive, plural], tw-ét [ablative, singular], - [ablative, dual], usm-ét [ablative, plural], tébʰi ~ *tey [dative, singular], - [dative, dual], usm-éy ~ *wō̆s [dative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], túh₂ [nominative, singular], [dual, nominative], yū́ [nominative, plural], twé ~ *te [accusative, singular], uh₃wé ~ *woh₃ [accusative, dual], uswé ~ *wos [accusative, plural], téwe ~ *toy [genitive, singular], - [dual, genitive], ? ~ *wos [genitive, plural], tébʰye ~ *toy [dative, singular], - [dative, dual], ? ~ *wos [dative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], tuH [nominative, singular], yuH [nominative, plural], twe ~ *twē (?) [accusative, singular], twege ~ *twē (?) [accusative, singular], us ~ *wōs (?) [accusative, plural], tewe ~ *toi [genitive, singular], - [genitive, plural], tebʰi ~ *toy [dative, singular], - [dative, plural], twe- [oblique, singular], us- ~ *wos [oblique, plural], tew- [oblique, singular], tu- [oblique, singular], us- [oblique, plural], toy [enclitic, singular], wos [enclitic, plural], tíh₁ [nominative, singular], - [nominative, plural], tu- [accusative, singular], - [accusative, plural], - [oblique, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], tuH [nominative, singular], yuH [nominative, plural], twé [accusative, singular], usmé ~ *wōs [accusative, plural], téwe ~ *toy [genitive, singular], yuso- ~ *wos [genitive, plural], yusero- ~ *wos [genitive, plural], twed [ablative, singular], usmed [ablative, plural], tébʰio ~ *toi [dative, singular], usmey [dative, plural], tóy [locative, singular], usmi [locative, plural], tóy [instrumental, singular], - [instrumental, plural], twos [adjective, possessive, singular], usos [adjective, plural, possessive], no-table-tags [table-tags], tu- [nominative, singular], yuh₁- [dual, nominative], yu- [nominative, plural], twe [accusative, singular], uh₁e [accusative, dual], usme [accusative, plural], tewe [genitive, singular], woh₁ [dual, genitive], wos [genitive, plural], twed [ablative, singular], - [ablative, dual], - [ablative, plural], tubʰi [dative, singular], - [dative, dual], - [dative, plural], toy [locative, singular], uh₁i [dual, locative], usmi [locative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], [nominative, singular], tíH [nominative, singular], yúH [nominative, plural], yúHs [nominative, plural], twé [accusative, singular], wōs [accusative, plural], téwe ~ *toy [genitive, singular], wos [genitive, plural], wes [genitive, plural], twéd [ablative, singular], - [ablative, plural], toy [dative, singular], - [dative, plural], twos [adjective, possessive, singular], us-tero-s? [adjective, plural, possessive]
  1. you, thou (second-person singular pronoun) Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: tī̆, tū̆, tuH, tíh₁, tu- Derived forms (Hellenic): τεός (teós) [Ancient-Greek] Derived forms (Old Latin: tovos): tuus (english: see there for further descendants) [Latin] Coordinate_terms: éǵh₂, swé

Inflected forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sqj-pro",
            "2": "*tū"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *tū",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Albanian: *tū (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-ana-pro",
            "2": "*tī́ǵ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *tī́ǵ",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Anatolian: *tī́ǵ (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Armenian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "դու",
            "3": "քեզ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Armenian: դու (du), քեզ (kʻez)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Armenian: դու (du), քեզ (kʻez) (< *twé), քո (kʻo) (< *two-), դուք (dukʻ) (< *tú-s)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "դու",
            "3": "քեզ",
            "4": "քո"
          },
          "expansion": "Armenian: դու (du), քեզ (kʻez), քո (kʻo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Armenian: դու (du), քեզ (kʻez), քո (kʻo); դուք (dukʻ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": "*tūˀ",
            "3": "*tu"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tūˀ, *tu",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tūˀ, *tu (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*tū"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *tū",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *tū (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*þū"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *þū",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *þū (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": "*tú"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *tú",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *tú (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*túH"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *túH",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *túH (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*tū"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *tū",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *tū (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Tocharian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xto",
            "2": "tu"
          },
          "expansion": "Tocharian A: tu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tocharian A: tu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "txb",
            "2": "tuwe"
          },
          "expansion": "Tocharian B: tuwe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tocharian B: tuwe"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-pro",
        "2": "*tinä"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *tinä",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "𒍣𒄿𒅅",
        "tr": "zīk"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite 𒍣𒄿𒅅 (zīk)",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Often compared with similar pronouns in other language families of Eurasia, e.g. Proto-Uralic *tinä. Kloekhorst (2008) proposes that per Anatolian forms such as Hittite 𒍣𒄿𒅅 (zīk), *i rather than *u should be reconstructed in the nominative, which would then suggest an original Indo-Uralic root *ti-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "R:Sihler 1995",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tī̆ (tū̆)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yuh₁ (?yūh₁)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yūs (?yuHs)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "t-wé ~ *te",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁-wé ~ *wō̆h₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usmé ~ *wō̆s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "té-we ~ *tos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usóm ~ *wō̆s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tw-ét",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usm-ét",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tébʰi ~ *tey",
      "roman": "toy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usm-éy ~ *wō̆s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "R:Sihler 1995",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "túh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yú",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yū́",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twé ~ *te",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₃wé ~ *woh₃",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uswé ~ *wos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "téwe ~ *toy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "? ~ *wos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tébʰye ~ *toy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "? ~ *wos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "R:Sihler 1995",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tuH",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yuH",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twe ~ *twē (?)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twege ~ *twē (?)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "us ~ *wōs (?)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tewe ~ *toi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tebʰi ~ *toy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twe-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "us- ~ *wos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tew-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tu-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "us-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "enclitic",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "enclitic",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tíh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tu-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "R:Sihler 1995",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tuH",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yuH",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twé",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usmé ~ *wōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "téwe ~ *toy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yuso- ~ *wos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yusero- ~ *wos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twed",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usmed",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tébʰio ~ *toi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usmey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usmi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "R:Sihler 1995",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tu-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yuh₁-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yu-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usme",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tewe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "woh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twed",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tubʰi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁i",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usmi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "R:Sihler 1995",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tí",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tíH",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yúH",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yúHs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twé",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "téwe ~ *toy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twéd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "us-tero-s?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "pronoun"
      },
      "expansion": "*túh₂",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/túh₂",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "coordinate_terms": [
        {
          "word": "éǵh₂"
        },
        {
          "word": "swé"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "teós",
          "sense": "Hellenic",
          "tags": [
            "Ancient-Greek"
          ],
          "word": "τεός"
        },
        {
          "english": "see there for further descendants",
          "sense": "Old Latin: tovos",
          "tags": [
            "Latin"
          ],
          "word": "tuus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "you, thou (second-person singular pronoun)"
      ],
      "id": "en-túh₂-ine-pro-pron-6lIRZ0UL",
      "links": [
        [
          "you",
          "you"
        ],
        [
          "thou",
          "thou"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "tī̆"
        },
        {
          "word": "tū̆"
        },
        {
          "word": "tuH"
        },
        {
          "word": "tíh₁"
        },
        {
          "word": "tu-"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "túh₂"
}
{
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "word": "éǵh₂"
    },
    {
      "word": "swé"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "teós",
      "sense": "Hellenic",
      "tags": [
        "Ancient-Greek"
      ],
      "word": "τεός"
    },
    {
      "english": "see there for further descendants",
      "sense": "Old Latin: tovos",
      "tags": [
        "Latin"
      ],
      "word": "tuus"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sqj-pro",
            "2": "*tū"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *tū",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Albanian: *tū (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-ana-pro",
            "2": "*tī́ǵ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *tī́ǵ",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Anatolian: *tī́ǵ (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Armenian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "դու",
            "3": "քեզ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Armenian: դու (du), քեզ (kʻez)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Armenian: դու (du), քեզ (kʻez) (< *twé), քո (kʻo) (< *two-), դուք (dukʻ) (< *tú-s)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "դու",
            "3": "քեզ",
            "4": "քո"
          },
          "expansion": "Armenian: դու (du), քեզ (kʻez), քո (kʻo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Armenian: դու (du), քեզ (kʻez), քո (kʻo); դուք (dukʻ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": "*tūˀ",
            "3": "*tu"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tūˀ, *tu",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tūˀ, *tu (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*tū"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *tū",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *tū (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*þū"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *þū",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *þū (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": "*tú"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *tú",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *tú (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*túH"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *túH",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *túH (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*tū"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *tū",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *tū (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Tocharian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xto",
            "2": "tu"
          },
          "expansion": "Tocharian A: tu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tocharian A: tu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "txb",
            "2": "tuwe"
          },
          "expansion": "Tocharian B: tuwe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tocharian B: tuwe"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-pro",
        "2": "*tinä"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *tinä",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "𒍣𒄿𒅅",
        "tr": "zīk"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite 𒍣𒄿𒅅 (zīk)",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Often compared with similar pronouns in other language families of Eurasia, e.g. Proto-Uralic *tinä. Kloekhorst (2008) proposes that per Anatolian forms such as Hittite 𒍣𒄿𒅅 (zīk), *i rather than *u should be reconstructed in the nominative, which would then suggest an original Indo-Uralic root *ti-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "R:Sihler 1995",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tī̆ (tū̆)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yuh₁ (?yūh₁)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yūs (?yuHs)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "t-wé ~ *te",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁-wé ~ *wō̆h₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usmé ~ *wō̆s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "té-we ~ *tos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usóm ~ *wō̆s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tw-ét",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usm-ét",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tébʰi ~ *tey",
      "roman": "toy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usm-éy ~ *wō̆s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "R:Sihler 1995",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "túh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yú",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yū́",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twé ~ *te",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₃wé ~ *woh₃",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uswé ~ *wos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "téwe ~ *toy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "? ~ *wos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tébʰye ~ *toy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "? ~ *wos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "R:Sihler 1995",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tuH",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yuH",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twe ~ *twē (?)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twege ~ *twē (?)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "us ~ *wōs (?)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tewe ~ *toi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tebʰi ~ *toy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twe-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "us- ~ *wos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tew-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tu-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "us-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "enclitic",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "enclitic",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tíh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tu-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "R:Sihler 1995",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tuH",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yuH",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twé",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usmé ~ *wōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "téwe ~ *toy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yuso- ~ *wos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yusero- ~ *wos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twed",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usmed",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tébʰio ~ *toi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usmey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usmi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "R:Sihler 1995",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tu-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yuh₁-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yu-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usme",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tewe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "woh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twed",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tubʰi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁i",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "usmi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "R:Sihler 1995",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tí",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tíH",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yúH",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yúHs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twé",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "téwe ~ *toy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twéd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "us-tero-s?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "pronoun"
      },
      "expansion": "*túh₂",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/túh₂",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
        "Proto-Indo-European pronouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "you, thou (second-person singular pronoun)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "you",
          "you"
        ],
        [
          "thou",
          "thou"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "tī̆"
    },
    {
      "word": "tū̆"
    },
    {
      "word": "tuH"
    },
    {
      "word": "tíh₁"
    },
    {
      "word": "tu-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "túh₂"
}

Download raw JSONL data for túh₂ meaning in All languages combined (13.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.