See túh₂ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for túh₂ meaning in Proto-Indo-European (4.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*tū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *tū",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *tū (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "*tī́ǵ",
"alt": "*tī́ǵ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *tī́ǵ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *tī́ǵ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "դու",
"3": "քեզ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: դու (du), քեզ (kʻez)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: դու (du), քեզ (kʻez) (< *twé), քո (kʻo) (< *two-), դուք (dukʻ) (< *tú-s)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "դու",
"3": "քեզ",
"4": "քո"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: դու (du), քեզ (kʻez), քո (kʻo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: դու (du), քեզ (kʻez), քո (kʻo); դուք (dukʻ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*tūˀ",
"3": "*tu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tūˀ, *tu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tūˀ, *tu (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*tū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *tū",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *tū (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *þū",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *þū (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*tú"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *tú",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *tú (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*túH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *túH",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *túH (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*tū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *tū",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *tū (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "tu"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: tu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: tu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "tuwe"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: tuwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: tuwe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*tinä"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *tinä",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒍣𒄿𒅅",
"tr": "zīk"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒍣𒄿𒅅 (zīk)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Often compared with similar pronouns in other language families of Eurasia, e.g. Proto-Uralic *tinä. Kloekhorst (2008) proposes that per Anatolian forms such as Hittite 𒍣𒄿𒅅 (zīk), *i rather than *u should be reconstructed in the nominative, which would then suggest an original Indo-Uralic root *ti-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "*túh₂",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/túh₂",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "éǵh₂"
},
{
"word": "swé"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "teós",
"sense": "Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "τεός"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Old Latin: tovos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "tuus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you, thou (second-person singular pronoun)"
],
"id": "en-túh₂-ine-pro-pron-6lIRZ0UL",
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
],
[
"thou",
"thou"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tī̆"
},
{
"word": "tū̆"
},
{
"word": "tuH"
},
{
"word": "tíh₁"
},
{
"word": "tu-"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "túh₂"
}
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "éǵh₂"
},
{
"word": "swé"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "teós",
"sense": "Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "τεός"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Old Latin: tovos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "tuus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*tū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *tū",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *tū (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "*tī́ǵ",
"alt": "*tī́ǵ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *tī́ǵ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *tī́ǵ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "դու",
"3": "քեզ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: դու (du), քեզ (kʻez)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: դու (du), քեզ (kʻez) (< *twé), քո (kʻo) (< *two-), դուք (dukʻ) (< *tú-s)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "դու",
"3": "քեզ",
"4": "քո"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: դու (du), քեզ (kʻez), քո (kʻo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: դու (du), քեզ (kʻez), քո (kʻo); դուք (dukʻ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*tūˀ",
"3": "*tu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tūˀ, *tu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tūˀ, *tu (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*tū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *tū",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *tū (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *þū",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *þū (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*tú"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *tú",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *tú (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*túH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *túH",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *túH (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*tū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *tū",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *tū (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "tu"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: tu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: tu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "tuwe"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: tuwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: tuwe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*tinä"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *tinä",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒍣𒄿𒅅",
"tr": "zīk"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒍣𒄿𒅅 (zīk)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Often compared with similar pronouns in other language families of Eurasia, e.g. Proto-Uralic *tinä. Kloekhorst (2008) proposes that per Anatolian forms such as Hittite 𒍣𒄿𒅅 (zīk), *i rather than *u should be reconstructed in the nominative, which would then suggest an original Indo-Uralic root *ti-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "*túh₂",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/túh₂",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European pronouns"
],
"glosses": [
"you, thou (second-person singular pronoun)"
],
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
],
[
"thou",
"thou"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tī̆"
},
{
"word": "tū̆"
},
{
"word": "tuH"
},
{
"word": "tíh₁"
},
{
"word": "tu-"
}
],
"word": "túh₂"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-07-20 using wiktextract (0af6c06 and 6aeea9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.