See squame on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for squame meaning in All languages combined (11.3kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "squāma"
},
"expansion": "Latin squāma",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "squama"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of squama",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin squāma. Doublet of squama.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "squames",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
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"expansion": "squame (plural squames)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "en:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "52 19 14 15",
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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],
"glosses": [
"The scale, or exopodite, of an antenna of a crustacean."
],
"id": "en-squame-en-noun-OoqXPOtg",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"scale",
"scale"
],
[
"exopodite",
"exopodite"
],
[
"antenna",
"antenna"
],
[
"crustacean",
"crustacean"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) The scale, or exopodite, of an antenna of a crustacean."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Medicine",
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],
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}
],
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{
"ref": "1984, Gheorghe Stoica, In Vivo Diverse Spectrum of Neoplasms Induced in 30-day-old Rats and in Vitro Neoplastic Transformation of Rat Mammary Epithelial Cells Following a Single Pulse of N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea, page 113",
"text": "EGF increased proliferation and squame formation and induced keratinization in cultured MA cells, an observation heretofore not reported in rat MA cells.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, David Weedon, Weedon's Skin Pathology, page 248",
"text": "They flatten further and become compacted into a dense keratinous layer known as the stratum corneum. The superficial flake-like squames are eventually cast off (desquamate).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Terence Allen, Graham Cowling, The Cell: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 80",
"text": "Squames begin life as normal cells in the lower layers of the epidermis but, as they travel towards the surface, they progressively lose all recognizable contents, becoming plates of mainly keratin protein, based on a progressive deposition of protein on the intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A flake of dead skin tissue."
],
"id": "en-squame-en-noun-Lu7dhT92",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"flake",
"flake"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) A flake of dead skin tissue."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
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{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Medicine",
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],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1928, Journal of the Cancer Research Committee of the University of Sydney, Volume 1, page 210",
"text": "Here the invading cell masses of the cancer consist of short thick squames, and the nearest approach to cell nest formation may be only a whorling of those squames in the centres of the cell masses.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1961, Edmund R. Novak, Georgeanna Seegar Jones, Novak's Textbook of Gynecology, page 766",
"text": "Second, if it is a squame, the nuclear size and chromatin pattern are determined. If the nucleus of this squame is plump and vesicular with an intact chromatin pattern, the cell is an intermediate; if it is pyknotic, shrunken, and hyperchromatic and lacks chromatin pattern, the cell is a superficial.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Margaret V. Root Kustritz, Clinical Canine and Feline Reproduction: Evidence-Based Answers, page 7",
"text": "As the cells divide and the vaginal lining thickens, the cells nearest the lumen become nonviable and lose the characteristic appearance of a healthy cell monolayer. The misshapen, clumped cells are termed cornified. Specific cell types are superficial cells and anuclear squame cells (Fig. 2-2).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A squamous (scale-like) cell."
],
"id": "en-squame-en-noun-C1ivzFKo",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"squamous",
"squamous"
],
[
"scale",
"scale"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) A squamous (scale-like) cell."
],
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"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
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{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
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"Sciences",
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"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1991, Phillip V. Tobias, The Skulls, Endocasts, and Teeth of Homo Habilis, page 84",
"text": "Most of the right temporal bone is well-preserved, with the exception of much of the zygoma and the upper edge of the temporal squame (Plate 8).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2003, South African Journal of Science - Volume 99, Issues 1-6, page 219",
"text": "A tapering of the fragment on its inner surface, and the pattern of branching of the middle meningeal vessel grooves, have enabled us to identify the piece as most probably part of the left temporal squame of a cranium.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Frederick E. Grine, Evolutionary History of the \"Robust\" Australopithecines, page 287",
"text": "Thus, the frontal fragment displays a slight concavity of the frontal squame behind glabella, a thin and flattened supra-orbital margin, and marked encroachment of the temporal lines just posterior to the supra-orbital margin.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bony plate."
],
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[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"bony",
"bony"
],
[
"plate",
"plate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) A bony plate."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skweɪm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪm"
},
{
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "squame"
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{
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{
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"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "eschame"
},
"expansion": "Old French eschame",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "squama"
},
"expansion": "Latin squama",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned alteration of Old French eschame, after its source, Latin squama.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "squames",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "squame f (plural squames)",
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"lang_code": "fr",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"scale"
],
"id": "en-squame-fr-noun-9GmAKjFE",
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[
"scale",
"scale"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or literary) scale"
],
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"feminine",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skwam/"
},
{
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"text": "Audio"
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],
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],
"hyphenation": [
"squà‧me"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
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{
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{
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"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
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}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "squama"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of squama"
],
"id": "en-squame-it-noun-qX2gUARO",
"links": [
[
"squama",
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],
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"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskwa.me/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ame"
}
],
"word": "squame"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
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"2": "squame"
},
"expansion": "English: squame",
"name": "desc"
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],
"text": "English: squame"
}
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"3": "esquame"
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "squāma"
},
"expansion": "Latin squāma",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French esquame, from Latin squāma.",
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "squame (plural squames)",
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "squamous"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "58 30 12",
"kind": "topical",
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],
"glosses": [
"Metal that flakes; a flake of such metal."
],
"id": "en-squame-enm-noun-XUIUNp5j",
"links": [
[
"flakes",
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],
[
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"metal"
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{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1450, “Additions to the Rule or Saint Saviour”, in George James Aungier, editor, History and Antiquities of Syon Monastery, published 1840, page 395",
"text": "not squames to wasche them, and wype them, nor auoyde them, not angry nor hasty, or un pacient thof one haue the vomet, another the fluxe, another the frensy, which nowe syngethe, now wel apayde, ffor ther be some sekenesses vexynge the seke so gretly and prouokynge them to ire, that the mater drawen up to the brayne alyenthe the mendes.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A flake or scale."
],
"id": "en-squame-enm-noun-S5x0ZAu7",
"links": [
[
"pathology",
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],
[
"flake",
"flake"
],
[
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pathology) A flake or scale."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Any scale or plate."
],
"id": "en-squame-enm-noun-jiJicxYn",
"links": [
[
"scale",
"scale"
],
[
"plate",
"plate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Any scale or plate."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskwaːm(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"sense": "early",
"word": "scwame"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Northern"
],
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}
],
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}
{
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "squama"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of squama",
"name": "doublet"
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],
"etymology_text": "From Latin squāma. Doublet of squama.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "squames",
"tags": [
"plural"
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}
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"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
"en:Zoology"
],
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"The scale, or exopodite, of an antenna of a crustacean."
],
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[
"zoology",
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[
"scale",
"scale"
],
[
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[
"antenna",
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],
[
"crustacean",
"crustacean"
]
],
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"(zoology) The scale, or exopodite, of an antenna of a crustacean."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Medicine"
],
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{
"ref": "1984, Gheorghe Stoica, In Vivo Diverse Spectrum of Neoplasms Induced in 30-day-old Rats and in Vitro Neoplastic Transformation of Rat Mammary Epithelial Cells Following a Single Pulse of N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea, page 113",
"text": "EGF increased proliferation and squame formation and induced keratinization in cultured MA cells, an observation heretofore not reported in rat MA cells.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, David Weedon, Weedon's Skin Pathology, page 248",
"text": "They flatten further and become compacted into a dense keratinous layer known as the stratum corneum. The superficial flake-like squames are eventually cast off (desquamate).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Terence Allen, Graham Cowling, The Cell: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 80",
"text": "Squames begin life as normal cells in the lower layers of the epidermis but, as they travel towards the surface, they progressively lose all recognizable contents, becoming plates of mainly keratin protein, based on a progressive deposition of protein on the intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"A flake of dead skin tissue."
],
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[
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[
"skin",
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"(medicine) A flake of dead skin tissue."
],
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{
"ref": "1928, Journal of the Cancer Research Committee of the University of Sydney, Volume 1, page 210",
"text": "Here the invading cell masses of the cancer consist of short thick squames, and the nearest approach to cell nest formation may be only a whorling of those squames in the centres of the cell masses.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1961, Edmund R. Novak, Georgeanna Seegar Jones, Novak's Textbook of Gynecology, page 766",
"text": "Second, if it is a squame, the nuclear size and chromatin pattern are determined. If the nucleus of this squame is plump and vesicular with an intact chromatin pattern, the cell is an intermediate; if it is pyknotic, shrunken, and hyperchromatic and lacks chromatin pattern, the cell is a superficial.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Margaret V. Root Kustritz, Clinical Canine and Feline Reproduction: Evidence-Based Answers, page 7",
"text": "As the cells divide and the vaginal lining thickens, the cells nearest the lumen become nonviable and lose the characteristic appearance of a healthy cell monolayer. The misshapen, clumped cells are termed cornified. Specific cell types are superficial cells and anuclear squame cells (Fig. 2-2).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A squamous (scale-like) cell."
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"squamous",
"squamous"
],
[
"scale",
"scale"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) A squamous (scale-like) cell."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Anatomy"
],
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{
"ref": "1991, Phillip V. Tobias, The Skulls, Endocasts, and Teeth of Homo Habilis, page 84",
"text": "Most of the right temporal bone is well-preserved, with the exception of much of the zygoma and the upper edge of the temporal squame (Plate 8).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2003, South African Journal of Science - Volume 99, Issues 1-6, page 219",
"text": "A tapering of the fragment on its inner surface, and the pattern of branching of the middle meningeal vessel grooves, have enabled us to identify the piece as most probably part of the left temporal squame of a cranium.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Frederick E. Grine, Evolutionary History of the \"Robust\" Australopithecines, page 287",
"text": "Thus, the frontal fragment displays a slight concavity of the frontal squame behind glabella, a thin and flattened supra-orbital margin, and marked encroachment of the temporal lines just posterior to the supra-orbital margin.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bony plate."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"bony",
"bony"
],
[
"plate",
"plate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) A bony plate."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skweɪm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-squame.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-squame.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-squame.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "squame"
}
{
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"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Metals"
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned alteration of Old French eschame, after its source, Latin squama.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "squames",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "squame f (plural squames)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French literary terms",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with archaic senses",
"French terms with audio links"
],
"glosses": [
"scale"
],
"links": [
[
"scale",
"scale"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or literary) scale"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skwam/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-squame.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-squame.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-squame.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-squame.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-squame.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "squame"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Metals"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "squame f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"squà‧me"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian noun forms",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Italian/ame",
"Rhymes:Italian/ame/2 syllables"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "squama"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of squama"
],
"links": [
[
"squama",
"squama#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskwa.me/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ame"
}
],
"word": "squame"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Metals"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "squame"
},
"expansion": "English: squame",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: squame"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "esquame"
},
"expansion": "Old French esquame",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "squāma"
},
"expansion": "Latin squāma",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French esquame, from Latin squāma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "squames",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "squame",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "squame (plural squames)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "squamous"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Metal that flakes; a flake of such metal."
],
"links": [
[
"flakes",
"flakes"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations",
"enm:Pathology"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1450, “Additions to the Rule or Saint Saviour”, in George James Aungier, editor, History and Antiquities of Syon Monastery, published 1840, page 395",
"text": "not squames to wasche them, and wype them, nor auoyde them, not angry nor hasty, or un pacient thof one haue the vomet, another the fluxe, another the frensy, which nowe syngethe, now wel apayde, ffor ther be some sekenesses vexynge the seke so gretly and prouokynge them to ire, that the mater drawen up to the brayne alyenthe the mendes.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A flake or scale."
],
"links": [
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"flake",
"flake"
],
[
"scale",
"scale"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pathology) A flake or scale."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Any scale or plate."
],
"links": [
[
"scale",
"scale"
],
[
"plate",
"plate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Any scale or plate."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskwaːm(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "early",
"word": "scwame"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern"
],
"word": "swame"
}
],
"word": "squame"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.