"spiritualism" meaning in All languages combined

See spiritualism on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈspɪɹɪtjuəlɪzəm/, /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəlɪzəm/, /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃəlɪzəm/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-spiritualism.wav Forms: spiritualisms [plural]
Etymology: From spiritual + -ism. In Allan Kardec's 1857 book The Spirits Book (Le Livre des Esprits in original French), in which a distinction between spiritism and spiritualism is defined. Etymology templates: {{suffix|en|spiritual|ism}} spiritual + -ism Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} spiritualism (countable and uncountable, plural spiritualisms)
  1. (philosophy) A doctrine, opposing materialism, that claims transcendency of the divine being, the altogether spiritual character of reality and the value of inwardness of consciousness. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Philosophy, Religion Translations (the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism): espiritualisme [masculine] (Catalan), spiritualismi (Finnish), spiritualisme [masculine] (French), espiritualismo [masculine] (Galician), Spiritualismus [masculine] (German), σπιριτουαλισμός (spiritoualismós) [masculine] (Greek), spiritualismo [masculine] (Italian), 唯心 (yuishin) (alt: ゆいしん) (Japanese), 心霊主義 (shinreishugi) (alt: しんれいしゅぎ) (Japanese), スピリチュアリズム (supirichuarizumu) (Japanese), espiritualismo [masculine] (Portuguese), spiritualism [neuter] (Romanian), спиритуали́зм (spiritualízm) [masculine] (Russian), espiritualismo [masculine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-spiritualism-en-noun-9cpdIp2C Disambiguation of Religion: 44 32 24 Topics: human-sciences, philosophy, sciences Disambiguation of 'the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism': 75 6 19
  2. A belief that the dead communicate with the living, especially through a medium. Used in a broader sense than spiritism/Kardecism. Tags: countable, uncountable Hyponyms (belief that dead communicate with the living): spiritism, Kardecism Translations (the belief that the dead communicate with the living through mediums): spiritismi (Finnish), Spiritismus [masculine] (German), espiritualismo [masculine] (Portuguese), спирити́зм (spiritízm) [masculine] (Russian), спиритуали́зм (spiritualízm) [masculine] (Russian), diwakuro (Tagalog), pagkamakadiwa (Tagalog), spirutim (Volapük)
    Sense id: en-spiritualism-en-noun-MSa9muFq Disambiguation of 'belief that dead communicate with the living': 3 88 9 Disambiguation of 'the belief that the dead communicate with the living through mediums': 3 84 13
  3. The quality or state of being spiritual. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Occult, Spiritualism Translations (quality or state of being spiritual): henkisyys (Finnish), spiritualitate [feminine] (Romanian), духо́вность (duxóvnostʹ) [feminine] (Russian)
    Sense id: en-spiritualism-en-noun-aRXynaKC Disambiguation of Occult: 9 32 59 Disambiguation of Spiritualism: 16 23 60 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ism, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Tagalog translations, Terms with Volapük translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 8 19 73 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ism: 14 20 66 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 4 20 76 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 6 18 76 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 19 77 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 9 16 75 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 9 16 75 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 7 17 76 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 9 16 75 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 7 16 77 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 9 14 78 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 6 16 78 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 6 16 78 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 9 18 73 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 9 16 75 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 5 14 81 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 7 15 78 Disambiguation of Terms with Tagalog translations: 9 16 75 Disambiguation of Terms with Volapük translations: 6 16 78 Disambiguation of 'quality or state of being spiritual': 5 2 93
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: spiritualist

Noun [Romanian]

Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], spiritualism [accusative, indefinite, nominative, singular], un spiritualism [accusative, indefinite, nominative, singular], spiritualismul [accusative, definite, nominative, singular], spiritualism [dative, genitive, indefinite, singular], unui spiritualism [dative, genitive, indefinite, singular], spiritualismului [dative, definite, genitive, singular], spiritualismule [singular, vocative]
Etymology: Borrowed from French spiritualisme. By surface analysis, spiritual + -ism. Etymology templates: {{bor+|ro|fr|spiritualisme}} Borrowed from French spiritualisme, {{surf|ro|spiritual|-ism}} By surface analysis, spiritual + -ism Head templates: {{ro-noun|n|-}} spiritualism n (uncountable) Inflection templates: {{ro-decl-noun-single|g=n|gpd=spiritualismelor|gpi=spiritualisme|gsd=spiritualismului|gsi=spiritualism|n=sg|npd=spiritualismele|npi=spiritualisme|nsd=spiritualismul|nsi=spiritualism|vp=spiritualismelor|vs=spiritualismule}}
  1. spiritualism Tags: neuter, uncountable

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "spiritualist"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "spiritual",
        "3": "ism"
      },
      "expansion": "spiritual + -ism",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From spiritual + -ism.\nIn Allan Kardec's 1857 book The Spirits Book (Le Livre des Esprits in original French), in which a distinction between spiritism and spiritualism is defined.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "spiritualisms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "spiritualism (countable and uncountable, plural spiritualisms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Philosophy",
          "orig": "en:Philosophy",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 32 24",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Religion",
          "orig": "en:Religion",
          "parents": [
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1880, R. H. Hutton, “Preface”, in Theological essays:",
          "text": "What is called spiritualism should, I think, be called a mental species of materialism.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A doctrine, opposing materialism, that claims transcendency of the divine being, the altogether spiritual character of reality and the value of inwardness of consciousness."
      ],
      "id": "en-spiritualism-en-noun-9cpdIp2C",
      "links": [
        [
          "philosophy",
          "philosophy"
        ],
        [
          "doctrine",
          "doctrine"
        ],
        [
          "materialism",
          "materialism"
        ],
        [
          "transcendency",
          "transcendency"
        ],
        [
          "reality",
          "reality"
        ],
        [
          "consciousness",
          "consciousness"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(philosophy) A doctrine, opposing materialism, that claims transcendency of the divine being, the altogether spiritual character of reality and the value of inwardness of consciousness."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "75 6 19",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "espiritualisme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 6 19",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
          "word": "spiritualismi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 6 19",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "spiritualisme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 6 19",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "espiritualismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 6 19",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Spiritualismus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 6 19",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "spiritoualismós",
          "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "σπιριτουαλισμός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 6 19",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "spiritualismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 6 19",
          "alt": "ゆいしん",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "yuishin",
          "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
          "word": "唯心"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 6 19",
          "alt": "しんれいしゅぎ",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "shinreishugi",
          "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
          "word": "心霊主義"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 6 19",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "supirichuarizumu",
          "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
          "word": "スピリチュアリズム"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 6 19",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "espiritualismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 6 19",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "spiritualism"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 6 19",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "spiritualízm",
          "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "спиритуали́зм"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 6 19",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "espiritualismo"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 229:",
          "text": "I wish it were possible to impress this truth upon people who rush into spiritualism from curiosity, or who try \"table rapping\" or some similar phenomenon \"for fun\".",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A belief that the dead communicate with the living, especially through a medium. Used in a broader sense than spiritism/Kardecism."
      ],
      "hyponyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 88 9",
          "sense": "belief that dead communicate with the living",
          "word": "spiritism"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 88 9",
          "sense": "belief that dead communicate with the living",
          "word": "Kardecism"
        }
      ],
      "id": "en-spiritualism-en-noun-MSa9muFq",
      "links": [
        [
          "belief",
          "belief"
        ],
        [
          "dead",
          "dead"
        ],
        [
          "communicate",
          "communicate"
        ],
        [
          "living",
          "living"
        ],
        [
          "medium",
          "medium"
        ],
        [
          "spiritism",
          "spiritism"
        ],
        [
          "Kardecism",
          "Kardecism"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 84 13",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "the belief that the dead communicate with the living through mediums",
          "word": "spiritismi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 84 13",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "the belief that the dead communicate with the living through mediums",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Spiritismus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 84 13",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "the belief that the dead communicate with the living through mediums",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "espiritualismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 84 13",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "spiritízm",
          "sense": "the belief that the dead communicate with the living through mediums",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "спирити́зм"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 84 13",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "spiritualízm",
          "sense": "the belief that the dead communicate with the living through mediums",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "спиритуали́зм"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 84 13",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "the belief that the dead communicate with the living through mediums",
          "word": "diwakuro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 84 13",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "the belief that the dead communicate with the living through mediums",
          "word": "pagkamakadiwa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 84 13",
          "code": "vo",
          "lang": "Volapük",
          "sense": "the belief that the dead communicate with the living through mediums",
          "word": "spirutim"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 19 73",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 20 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ism",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 20 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 18 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 19 77",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 16 75",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 16 75",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 17 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 16 75",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Galician translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 16 77",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 14 78",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 16 78",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 16 78",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 18 73",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 16 75",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 14 81",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 15 78",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 16 75",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 16 78",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 32 59",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Occult",
          "orig": "en:Occult",
          "parents": [
            "Forteana",
            "Supernatural",
            "Pseudoscience",
            "Folklore",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 23 60",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Spiritualism",
          "orig": "en:Spiritualism",
          "parents": [
            "Forteana",
            "Occult",
            "Religion",
            "Pseudoscience",
            "Supernatural",
            "Culture",
            "Sciences",
            "Folklore",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The quality or state of being spiritual."
      ],
      "id": "en-spiritualism-en-noun-aRXynaKC",
      "links": [
        [
          "spiritual",
          "spiritual"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "5 2 93",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "quality or state of being spiritual",
          "word": "henkisyys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 2 93",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "quality or state of being spiritual",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "spiritualitate"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 2 93",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "duxóvnostʹ",
          "sense": "quality or state of being spiritual",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "духо́вность"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspɪɹɪtjuəlɪzəm/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəlɪzəm/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃəlɪzəm/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-spiritualism.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spiritualism.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spiritualism.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spiritualism.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spiritualism.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "spiritualism"
  ],
  "word": "spiritualism"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "spiritualisme"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from French spiritualisme",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "spiritual",
        "3": "-ism"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, spiritual + -ism",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French spiritualisme. By surface analysis, spiritual + -ism.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ro-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spiritualism",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "un spiritualism",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spiritualismul",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spiritualism",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "unui spiritualism",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spiritualismului",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spiritualismule",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "spiritualism n (uncountable)",
      "name": "ro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n",
        "gpd": "spiritualismelor",
        "gpi": "spiritualisme",
        "gsd": "spiritualismului",
        "gsi": "spiritualism",
        "n": "sg",
        "npd": "spiritualismele",
        "npi": "spiritualisme",
        "nsd": "spiritualismul",
        "nsi": "spiritualism",
        "vp": "spiritualismelor",
        "vs": "spiritualismule"
      },
      "name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Romanian",
  "lang_code": "ro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Romanian terms suffixed with -ism",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "spiritualism"
      ],
      "id": "en-spiritualism-ro-noun-pVU1VWbb",
      "links": [
        [
          "spiritualism",
          "spiritualism#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "spiritualism"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms suffixed with -ism",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Tagalog translations",
    "Terms with Volapük translations",
    "en:Occult",
    "en:Religion",
    "en:Spiritualism"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "spiritualist"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "spiritual",
        "3": "ism"
      },
      "expansion": "spiritual + -ism",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From spiritual + -ism.\nIn Allan Kardec's 1857 book The Spirits Book (Le Livre des Esprits in original French), in which a distinction between spiritism and spiritualism is defined.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "spiritualisms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "spiritualism (countable and uncountable, plural spiritualisms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "sense": "belief that dead communicate with the living",
      "word": "spiritism"
    },
    {
      "sense": "belief that dead communicate with the living",
      "word": "Kardecism"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Philosophy"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1880, R. H. Hutton, “Preface”, in Theological essays:",
          "text": "What is called spiritualism should, I think, be called a mental species of materialism.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A doctrine, opposing materialism, that claims transcendency of the divine being, the altogether spiritual character of reality and the value of inwardness of consciousness."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "philosophy",
          "philosophy"
        ],
        [
          "doctrine",
          "doctrine"
        ],
        [
          "materialism",
          "materialism"
        ],
        [
          "transcendency",
          "transcendency"
        ],
        [
          "reality",
          "reality"
        ],
        [
          "consciousness",
          "consciousness"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(philosophy) A doctrine, opposing materialism, that claims transcendency of the divine being, the altogether spiritual character of reality and the value of inwardness of consciousness."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 229:",
          "text": "I wish it were possible to impress this truth upon people who rush into spiritualism from curiosity, or who try \"table rapping\" or some similar phenomenon \"for fun\".",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A belief that the dead communicate with the living, especially through a medium. Used in a broader sense than spiritism/Kardecism."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "belief",
          "belief"
        ],
        [
          "dead",
          "dead"
        ],
        [
          "communicate",
          "communicate"
        ],
        [
          "living",
          "living"
        ],
        [
          "medium",
          "medium"
        ],
        [
          "spiritism",
          "spiritism"
        ],
        [
          "Kardecism",
          "Kardecism"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The quality or state of being spiritual."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spiritual",
          "spiritual"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspɪɹɪtjuəlɪzəm/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəlɪzəm/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃəlɪzəm/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-spiritualism.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spiritualism.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spiritualism.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spiritualism.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spiritualism.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "espiritualisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
      "word": "spiritualismi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "spiritualisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "espiritualismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Spiritualismus"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "spiritoualismós",
      "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "σπιριτουαλισμός"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "spiritualismo"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ゆいしん",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "yuishin",
      "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
      "word": "唯心"
    },
    {
      "alt": "しんれいしゅぎ",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "shinreishugi",
      "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
      "word": "心霊主義"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "supirichuarizumu",
      "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
      "word": "スピリチュアリズム"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "espiritualismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "spiritualism"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "spiritualízm",
      "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "спиритуали́зм"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "the philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "espiritualismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "the belief that the dead communicate with the living through mediums",
      "word": "spiritismi"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "the belief that the dead communicate with the living through mediums",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Spiritismus"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "the belief that the dead communicate with the living through mediums",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "espiritualismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "spiritízm",
      "sense": "the belief that the dead communicate with the living through mediums",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "спирити́зм"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "spiritualízm",
      "sense": "the belief that the dead communicate with the living through mediums",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "спиритуали́зм"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "the belief that the dead communicate with the living through mediums",
      "word": "diwakuro"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "the belief that the dead communicate with the living through mediums",
      "word": "pagkamakadiwa"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "the belief that the dead communicate with the living through mediums",
      "word": "spirutim"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "quality or state of being spiritual",
      "word": "henkisyys"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "quality or state of being spiritual",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "spiritualitate"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "duxóvnostʹ",
      "sense": "quality or state of being spiritual",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "духо́вность"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "spiritualism"
  ],
  "word": "spiritualism"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "spiritualisme"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from French spiritualisme",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "spiritual",
        "3": "-ism"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, spiritual + -ism",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French spiritualisme. By surface analysis, spiritual + -ism.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ro-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spiritualism",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "un spiritualism",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spiritualismul",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spiritualism",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "unui spiritualism",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spiritualismului",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spiritualismule",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "spiritualism n (uncountable)",
      "name": "ro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n",
        "gpd": "spiritualismelor",
        "gpi": "spiritualisme",
        "gsd": "spiritualismului",
        "gsi": "spiritualism",
        "n": "sg",
        "npd": "spiritualismele",
        "npi": "spiritualisme",
        "nsd": "spiritualismul",
        "nsi": "spiritualism",
        "vp": "spiritualismelor",
        "vs": "spiritualismule"
      },
      "name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Romanian",
  "lang_code": "ro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Romanian lemmas",
        "Romanian neuter nouns",
        "Romanian nouns",
        "Romanian terms borrowed from French",
        "Romanian terms derived from French",
        "Romanian terms suffixed with -ism",
        "Romanian uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "spiritualism"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spiritualism",
          "spiritualism#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "spiritualism"
}

Download raw JSONL data for spiritualism meaning in All languages combined (9.9kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Romanian]; cleaned text: n gender",
  "path": [
    "spiritualism"
  ],
  "section": "Romanian",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "spiritualism",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.