See speculation on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for speculation meaning in All languages combined (19.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "on spec",
"english": "on speculation",
"word": "Creating a work with the hope of selling it"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "on commission",
"word": "as opposed to creating a work for hire"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "speculacioun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English speculacioun",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "speculation"
},
"expansion": "speculation",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "speculation"
},
"expansion": "Old French speculation",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "spéculation"
},
"expansion": "French spéculation",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "speculātiō",
"4": "speculātiō, speculātiōnem"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin speculātiō, speculātiōnem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "speculor"
},
"expansion": "Latin speculor",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "speculate",
"3": "ion",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "speculate + -ion",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English speculacioun, speculation, from Old French speculation (compare French spéculation), from Late Latin speculātiō, speculātiōnem, from Latin speculor.\nMorphologically speculate + -ion",
"forms": [
{
"form": "speculations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "speculation (countable and uncountable, plural speculations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"spec‧u‧la‧tion"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The faculty of sight."
],
"id": "en-speculation-en-noun-SZ9~78Yg",
"links": [
[
"sight",
"sight"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The faculty of sight."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "power of sight",
"word": "näkö"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 15 5 4 14 14 14 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1792, Charlotte Smith, Desmond, Broadview, published 2001, page 115",
"text": "[T]he expression of exultation and content on their animated faces, is one of my most delicious speculations.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An act of looking at something; examination, observation."
],
"id": "en-speculation-en-noun-GWv0nWbQ",
"links": [
[
"looking",
"looking"
],
[
"examination",
"examination"
],
[
"observation",
"observation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) An act of looking at something; examination, observation."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 80 2 3 2 2 3 4 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "examination by the eye",
"word": "tarkastelu"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 December 3, Caroline Davies, The Guardian",
"text": "The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge have ended months of intense speculation by announcing they are expecting their first child, but were forced to share their news earlier than hoped because of the Duchess's admission to hospital on Monday.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The process or act of thinking or meditating on a subject."
],
"id": "en-speculation-en-noun-U1Tkp1q0",
"links": [
[
"thinking",
"thinking"
],
[
"meditating",
"meditating"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 6 37 16 7 4 7 5 17",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razmišlénie",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "размишле́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 37 16 7 4 7 5 17",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especulació"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 37 16 7 4 7 5 17",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"word": "pohdinta"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 37 16 7 4 7 5 17",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"word": "mietiskely"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 37 16 7 4 7 5 17",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"word": "järkeily"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 37 16 7 4 7 5 17",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"word": "päättely"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 37 16 7 4 7 5 17",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"word": "spekulaatio"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 37 16 7 4 7 5 17",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spéculation"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 37 16 7 4 7 5 17",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"word": "kōrero takuahi"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 37 16 7 4 7 5 17",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spekulasjon"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 37 16 7 4 7 5 17",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spekulasjon"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 37 16 7 4 7 5 17",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spekulacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 37 16 7 4 7 5 17",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especulação"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 37 16 7 4 7 5 17",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razmyšlénije",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "размышле́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 37 16 7 4 7 5 17",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especulación"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Philosophy",
"orig": "en:Philosophy",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act or process of reasoning a priori from premises given or assumed."
],
"id": "en-speculation-en-noun-wMLXMcgs",
"links": [
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
],
[
"a priori",
"a priori"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(philosophy) The act or process of reasoning a priori from premises given or assumed."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 4 5 70 3 2 6 4 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "philosophy: act or process of reasoning from premises given or assumed",
"word": "päättely"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 5 70 3 2 6 4 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "philosophy: act or process of reasoning from premises given or assumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spekulation"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 5 70 3 2 6 4 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "philosophy: act or process of reasoning from premises given or assumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Betrachtung"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 5 70 3 2 6 4 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "philosophy: act or process of reasoning from premises given or assumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spekulacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 5 70 3 2 6 4 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "spekuljácija",
"sense": "philosophy: act or process of reasoning from premises given or assumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "спекуля́ція"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 15 5 4 14 14 14 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A conclusion to which the mind comes by speculating; mere theory; notion; conjecture."
],
"id": "en-speculation-en-noun-3-3FbaJj",
"links": [
[
"notion",
"notion"
],
[
"conjecture",
"conjecture"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 7 5 10 47 6 7 7 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predpoložénie",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предположе́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 5 10 47 6 7 7 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "giswerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 5 10 47 6 7 7 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "speculatie"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 5 10 47 6 7 7 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"word": "johtopäätös"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 5 10 47 6 7 7 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spéculation"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 5 10 47 6 7 7 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spekulation"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 5 10 47 6 7 7 8",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"word": "spekulasi"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 5 10 47 6 7 7 8",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"word": "pūmāramarama"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 5 10 47 6 7 7 8",
"code": "mi",
"english": "without foundation, idle",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"word": "kōrero takuahi"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 5 10 47 6 7 7 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especulação"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 5 10 47 6 7 7 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predpoložénije",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предположе́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 5 10 47 6 7 7 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especulación"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Business",
"orig": "en:Business",
"parents": [
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Finance",
"orig": "en:Finance",
"parents": [
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 15 5 4 14 14 14 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An investment involving higher-than-normal risk in order to obtain a higher-than-normal return."
],
"id": "en-speculation-en-noun-gyhWb3QJ",
"links": [
[
"business",
"business"
],
[
"finance",
"finance#Noun"
],
[
"investment",
"investment"
],
[
"risk",
"risk"
],
[
"return",
"return"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(business, finance) An investment involving higher-than-normal risk in order to obtain a higher-than-normal return."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"finance"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 6 3 4 5 56 12 8 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "spekulacija",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "спекулация"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 3 4 5 56 12 8 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especulació"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 3 4 5 56 12 8 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"word": "spekulaatio"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 3 4 5 56 12 8 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"word": "spekulatiivinen investointi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 3 4 5 56 12 8 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"word": "riskisijoitus"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 3 4 5 56 12 8 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spéculation"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 3 4 5 56 12 8 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spekulation"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 3 4 5 56 12 8 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"word": "spekulasi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 3 4 5 56 12 8 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amhantraíocht"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 3 4 5 56 12 8 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"word": "speculazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 3 4 5 56 12 8 5",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tōki",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"word": "投機"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 3 4 5 56 12 8 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spekulacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 3 4 5 56 12 8 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especulação"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 3 4 5 56 12 8 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "spekuljácija",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "спекуля́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 3 4 5 56 12 8 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "spekulírovanije",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "спекули́рование"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 3 4 5 56 12 8 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especulación"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 3 4 5 56 12 8 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "spekulation"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 3 4 5 56 12 8 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "spekuljácija",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "спекуля́ція"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 3 4 5 56 12 8 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "gešeftjárstvo",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ґешефтя́рство"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 15 5 4 14 14 14 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1776, Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations",
"text": "Sudden fortunes, indeed, are sometimes made in such places, by what is called the trade of speculation.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1883, Francis Amasa Walker, Political Economy",
"text": "Speculation, while confined within moderate limits, is the agent for equalizing supply and demand, and rendering the fluctuations of price less sudden and abrupt than they would otherwise be.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act or practice of buying land, goods, shares, etc., in expectation of selling at a higher price, or of selling with the expectation of repurchasing at a lower price; a trading on anticipated fluctuations in price, as distinguished from trading in which the profit expected is the difference between the retail and wholesale prices, or the difference of price in different markets."
],
"id": "en-speculation-en-noun-WoO0f8W-",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 5 4 13 3 7 54 9 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "spekulacija",
"sense": "act or practice of investing in expectation of making a profit from future price changes",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "спекулация"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 4 13 3 7 54 9 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or practice of investing in expectation of making a profit from future price changes",
"word": "keinottelu"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 4 13 3 7 54 9 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or practice of investing in expectation of making a profit from future price changes",
"word": "spekulaatio"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 4 13 3 7 54 9 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or practice of investing in expectation of making a profit from future price changes",
"word": "spekulointi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 4 13 3 7 54 9 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or practice of investing in expectation of making a profit from future price changes",
"word": "spekulatiivinen investointi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 4 13 3 7 54 9 4",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "act or practice of investing in expectation of making a profit from future price changes",
"word": "spekulasi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 4 13 3 7 54 9 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act or practice of investing in expectation of making a profit from future price changes",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especulação"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 4 13 3 7 54 9 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act or practice of investing in expectation of making a profit from future price changes",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especulación"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 4 13 3 7 54 9 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "spekuljácija",
"sense": "act or practice of investing in expectation of making a profit from future price changes",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "спекуля́ція"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 15 5 4 14 14 14 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A card game in which the players buy from one another trumps or whole hands, upon a chance of getting the highest trump dealt, which entitles the holder to the pool of stakes."
],
"id": "en-speculation-en-noun-OoKWkJ2K",
"links": [
[
"card game",
"card game"
],
[
"trump",
"trump"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Programming",
"orig": "en:Programming",
"parents": [
"Computing",
"Software engineering",
"Technology",
"Computer science",
"Engineering",
"Software",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Applied sciences",
"Media",
"Fundamental",
"Communication"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 15 5 4 14 14 14 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The process of anticipating which branch of code will be chosen and executing it in advance."
],
"id": "en-speculation-en-noun-ksY4hdE2",
"links": [
[
"programming",
"programming#Noun"
],
[
"branch",
"branch"
],
[
"code",
"code"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(programming) The process of anticipating which branch of code will be chosen and executing it in advance."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"programming",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌspɛk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-speculation.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/En-us-speculation.ogg/En-us-speculation.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/En-us-speculation.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"speculation",
"speculation (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "speculation"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən/4 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "on spec",
"english": "on speculation",
"word": "Creating a work with the hope of selling it"
},
{
"english": "on commission",
"word": "as opposed to creating a work for hire"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "speculacioun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English speculacioun",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "speculation"
},
"expansion": "speculation",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "speculation"
},
"expansion": "Old French speculation",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "spéculation"
},
"expansion": "French spéculation",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "speculātiō",
"4": "speculātiō, speculātiōnem"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin speculātiō, speculātiōnem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "speculor"
},
"expansion": "Latin speculor",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "speculate",
"3": "ion",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "speculate + -ion",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English speculacioun, speculation, from Old French speculation (compare French spéculation), from Late Latin speculātiō, speculātiōnem, from Latin speculor.\nMorphologically speculate + -ion",
"forms": [
{
"form": "speculations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "speculation (countable and uncountable, plural speculations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"spec‧u‧la‧tion"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The faculty of sight."
],
"links": [
[
"sight",
"sight"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The faculty of sight."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1792, Charlotte Smith, Desmond, Broadview, published 2001, page 115",
"text": "[T]he expression of exultation and content on their animated faces, is one of my most delicious speculations.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An act of looking at something; examination, observation."
],
"links": [
[
"looking",
"looking"
],
[
"examination",
"examination"
],
[
"observation",
"observation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) An act of looking at something; examination, observation."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 December 3, Caroline Davies, The Guardian",
"text": "The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge have ended months of intense speculation by announcing they are expecting their first child, but were forced to share their news earlier than hoped because of the Duchess's admission to hospital on Monday.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The process or act of thinking or meditating on a subject."
],
"links": [
[
"thinking",
"thinking"
],
[
"meditating",
"meditating"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Philosophy"
],
"glosses": [
"The act or process of reasoning a priori from premises given or assumed."
],
"links": [
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
],
[
"a priori",
"a priori"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(philosophy) The act or process of reasoning a priori from premises given or assumed."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A conclusion to which the mind comes by speculating; mere theory; notion; conjecture."
],
"links": [
[
"notion",
"notion"
],
[
"conjecture",
"conjecture"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Business",
"en:Finance"
],
"glosses": [
"An investment involving higher-than-normal risk in order to obtain a higher-than-normal return."
],
"links": [
[
"business",
"business"
],
[
"finance",
"finance#Noun"
],
[
"investment",
"investment"
],
[
"risk",
"risk"
],
[
"return",
"return"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(business, finance) An investment involving higher-than-normal risk in order to obtain a higher-than-normal return."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"finance"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1776, Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations",
"text": "Sudden fortunes, indeed, are sometimes made in such places, by what is called the trade of speculation.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1883, Francis Amasa Walker, Political Economy",
"text": "Speculation, while confined within moderate limits, is the agent for equalizing supply and demand, and rendering the fluctuations of price less sudden and abrupt than they would otherwise be.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act or practice of buying land, goods, shares, etc., in expectation of selling at a higher price, or of selling with the expectation of repurchasing at a lower price; a trading on anticipated fluctuations in price, as distinguished from trading in which the profit expected is the difference between the retail and wholesale prices, or the difference of price in different markets."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A card game in which the players buy from one another trumps or whole hands, upon a chance of getting the highest trump dealt, which entitles the holder to the pool of stakes."
],
"links": [
[
"card game",
"card game"
],
[
"trump",
"trump"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Programming"
],
"glosses": [
"The process of anticipating which branch of code will be chosen and executing it in advance."
],
"links": [
[
"programming",
"programming#Noun"
],
[
"branch",
"branch"
],
[
"code",
"code"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(programming) The process of anticipating which branch of code will be chosen and executing it in advance."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"programming",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌspɛk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-speculation.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/En-us-speculation.ogg/En-us-speculation.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/En-us-speculation.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razmišlénie",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "размишле́ние"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especulació"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"word": "pohdinta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"word": "mietiskely"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"word": "järkeily"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"word": "päättely"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"word": "spekulaatio"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spéculation"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"word": "kōrero takuahi"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spekulasjon"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spekulasjon"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spekulacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especulação"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razmyšlénije",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "размышле́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "process of thinking or meditation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especulación"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "philosophy: act or process of reasoning from premises given or assumed",
"word": "päättely"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "philosophy: act or process of reasoning from premises given or assumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spekulation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "philosophy: act or process of reasoning from premises given or assumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Betrachtung"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "philosophy: act or process of reasoning from premises given or assumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spekulacja"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "spekuljácija",
"sense": "philosophy: act or process of reasoning from premises given or assumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "спекуля́ція"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predpoložénie",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предположе́ние"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "giswerk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "speculatie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"word": "johtopäätös"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spéculation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spekulation"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"word": "spekulasi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"word": "pūmāramarama"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"english": "without foundation, idle",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"word": "kōrero takuahi"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especulação"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predpoložénije",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предположе́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "judgment or conclusion reached by speculating",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especulación"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "spekulacija",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "спекулация"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especulació"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"word": "spekulaatio"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"word": "spekulatiivinen investointi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"word": "riskisijoitus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spéculation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spekulation"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"word": "spekulasi"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amhantraíocht"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"word": "speculazione"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tōki",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"word": "投機"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spekulacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especulação"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "spekuljácija",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "спекуля́ция"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "spekulírovanije",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "спекули́рование"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especulación"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "spekulation"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "spekuljácija",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "спекуля́ція"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "gešeftjárstvo",
"sense": "business, finance: investment involving higher-than-normal risk",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ґешефтя́рство"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "spekulacija",
"sense": "act or practice of investing in expectation of making a profit from future price changes",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "спекулация"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or practice of investing in expectation of making a profit from future price changes",
"word": "keinottelu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or practice of investing in expectation of making a profit from future price changes",
"word": "spekulaatio"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or practice of investing in expectation of making a profit from future price changes",
"word": "spekulointi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or practice of investing in expectation of making a profit from future price changes",
"word": "spekulatiivinen investointi"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "act or practice of investing in expectation of making a profit from future price changes",
"word": "spekulasi"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act or practice of investing in expectation of making a profit from future price changes",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especulação"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act or practice of investing in expectation of making a profit from future price changes",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especulación"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "spekuljácija",
"sense": "act or practice of investing in expectation of making a profit from future price changes",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "спекуля́ція"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "examination by the eye",
"word": "tarkastelu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "power of sight",
"word": "näkö"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"speculation",
"speculation (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "speculation"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.