See sferra on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*exferra"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *exferra",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+it-deverbal",
"2": "sferrare<t:to unshoe (a horse)>"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from sferrare (“to unshoe (a horse)”) + -a",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "sferra"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan sferra",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "sferra"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian sferra",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *exferra. By surface analysis, deverbal from sferrare (“to unshoe (a horse)”) + -a. Compare Neapolitan sferra and Sicilian sferra.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sferre",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "sferra f (plural sferre)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sfèr‧ra"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian requests for English equivalent term",
"parents": [
"Requests for English equivalent term",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Farriery",
"orig": "it:Farriery",
"parents": [
"Blacksmithing",
"Horses",
"Metalworking",
"Equids",
"Livestock",
"Crafts",
"Metallurgy",
"Odd-toed ungulates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Society",
"Metals",
"Technology",
"Mammals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Vertebrates",
"Sciences",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Chordates"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"exhausted horseshoe; the old horseshoe after it is removed from the hoof of a horse"
],
"id": "en-sferra-it-noun-77e8GhQk",
"links": [
[
"farriery",
"farriery"
],
[
"exhausted",
"exhausted"
],
[
"horseshoe",
"horseshoe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(farriery) exhausted horseshoe; the old horseshoe after it is removed from the hoof of a horse"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"farriery",
"hobbies",
"horses",
"lifestyle",
"pets",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Italian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "it:Weapons",
"parents": [
"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Here's your old rusty sword. Are you mad with anyone? Tell me about it, and I'll make sausages of them.",
"ref": "17ᵗʰ century, Silvio Fiorillo, “Scena Settima”, in La Lucilla costante:",
"text": "Ecco la vostra sferra vecchia, avetela con alcuno? Ditelo a me, che ne farò salciccie.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1685, Federigo Nomi, chapter XIII, in Il catorcio d'Anghiari, stanza XV:",
"text": "Ognun portava l’asta ed il polvese, ¶ E al fianco senza fodero la sferra, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Then other people with sharp stones, dull knives, rusty swords, nails [of metal], [finger]nails, if there wasn't anything else, kicked and crumbled the wall.",
"ref": "1825–1827, Alessandro Manzoni, chapter XIII, in I promessi sposi^(https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/I_promessi_sposi_(Ferrario)), Milan: Vincenzo Ferrario:",
"text": "[…] altri poi con pietre aguzze, con coltelli spuntati, con isferre, con chiodi, coll’ugne, se altro non vi era, scalcinavano e sgretolavano la muraglia[…].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Various things which are old and worn out or with little value:",
"old rusty knife or sword"
],
"id": "en-sferra-it-noun-59eLxafq",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"rusty",
"rusty"
],
[
"knife",
"knife"
],
[
"sword",
"sword"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, archaic or regional) Various things which are old and worn out or with little value:",
"old rusty knife or sword"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"broadly",
"dialectal",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Italian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 3 52 7 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 11 31 11 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian terms suffixed with -a (deverbal)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 14 1 1 5 27 2 33 0 1 4 0 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] their master puts his hand on their shoulder or gifts them a rag from his old stuff.",
"ref": "1529, Pietro Aretino, “A messer Girolamo Agnelli”, in Il primo libro delle lettere:",
"text": "[…] il signor loro gli pon la mano in su la spalla o gli dona una sferra de le sue cose vecchie.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Various things which are old and worn out or with little value:",
"rag (tattered piece of clothing)"
],
"id": "en-sferra-it-noun-G7as79uH",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"rag",
"rag"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, archaic or regional) Various things which are old and worn out or with little value:",
"rag (tattered piece of clothing)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cencio"
},
{
"word": "straccio"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"broadly",
"dialectal",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Italian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Various things which are old and worn out or with little value:",
"piece of junk (item of little value)"
],
"id": "en-sferra-it-noun-6BZ-N9YS",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"junk",
"junk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, archaic or regional) Various things which are old and worn out or with little value:",
"piece of junk (item of little value)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cianfrusaglia"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"broadly",
"dialectal",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Italian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Various things which are old and worn out or with little value:",
"good-for-nothing (worthless man)"
],
"id": "en-sferra-it-noun-y6Wj8dRY",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"good-for-nothing",
"good-for-nothing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, archaic or regional) Various things which are old and worn out or with little value:",
"good-for-nothing (worthless man)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "buono a nulla"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"broadly",
"dialectal",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Italian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Fishing",
"orig": "it:Fishing",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: rullo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dredge (iron frame attached to a fine net when fishing molluscs)"
],
"id": "en-sferra-it-noun-f4qFBpQD",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"fishing",
"fishing#Noun"
],
[
"dredge",
"dredge#English:_iron_frame"
],
[
"mollusc",
"mollusc"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional, fishing) dredge (iron frame attached to a fine net when fishing molluscs)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"regional"
],
"topics": [
"fishing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsfɛr.ra/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrra"
}
],
"word": "sferra"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "sferra",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sfèr‧ra"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 2 22 2 2 9 43 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 14 1 1 5 27 2 33 0 1 4 0 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "sferrare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of sferrare:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-sferra-it-verb-fb4PVDZs",
"links": [
[
"sferrare",
"sferrare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "sferrare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of sferrare:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-sferra-it-verb-OIeaDgEa",
"links": [
[
"sferrare",
"sferrare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsfɛr.ra/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrra"
}
],
"word": "sferra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "it",
"3": "sferrare"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Italian sferrare",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Italian sferrare.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jisferra",
"tags": [
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrar",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mt-conj/loan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrajt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrajt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sferra",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrajna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrajtu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sferraw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrajt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrajt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrajna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrajtu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sferraw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nisferra",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tisferra",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jisferra",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nisferraw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tisferraw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jisferraw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"masculine",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nisferra",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tisferra",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tisferra",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nisferraw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tisferraw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jisferraw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sferra",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sferraw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jisferra",
"2": "sferrat",
"vn": "sferrar"
},
"expansion": "sferra (imperfect jisferra, past participle sferrat, verbal noun sferrar)",
"name": "mt-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sferrajt",
"10": "jisferra",
"11": "tisferra",
"12": "nisferraw",
"13": "tisferraw",
"14": "jisferraw",
"15": "sferra",
"16": "sferraw",
"2": "sferrajt",
"3": "sferra",
"4": "sferrat",
"5": "sferrajna",
"6": "sferrajtu",
"7": "sferraw",
"8": "nisferra",
"9": "tisferra"
},
"name": "mt-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maltese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 2 11 2 2 4 21 3 41 1 1 4 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 14 1 1 5 27 2 33 0 1 4 0 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to break loose"
],
"id": "en-sferra-mt-verb-InCQDNoH",
"links": [
[
"break loose",
"break loose"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "sferrakavalli"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsfɛr.ra/"
}
],
"word": "sferra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*exferra"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *exferra",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "sferrà",
"3": "-a",
"id2": "deverbal",
"t1": "to unshoe (a horse); to unshackle (a prisoner)"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, sferrà (“to unshoe (a horse); to unshackle (a prisoner)”) + -a",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "sferra"
},
"expansion": "Italian sferra",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *exferra. By surface analysis, sferrà (“to unshoe (a horse); to unshackle (a prisoner)”) + -a. For the semantic development, see Italian sferra.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sferre",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "sferre",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "sferra f (plural sferre)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "sferr"
},
"expansion": "sferra f (plural sferre)",
"name": "nap-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Neapolitan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"old rusty knife, especially if without handle"
],
"id": "en-sferra-nap-noun-OZIYfumF",
"links": [
[
"knife",
"knife"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Neapolitan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Neapolitan terms suffixed with -a (deverbal)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fake large silver coins"
],
"id": "en-sferra-nap-noun-G6b4RmEW",
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"silver",
"silver"
],
[
"coin",
"coin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(humorous, in the plural) fake large silver coins"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"humorous",
"in-plural"
]
}
],
"word": "sferra"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "scerra"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "scirruzzu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sferra-cavaḍḍu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sfirricchia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sfirruzzu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*exferra"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *exferra",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "sfirrari",
"3": "-a",
"id2": "deverbal",
"t1": "to unshoe (a horse)"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, sfirrari (“to unshoe (a horse)”) + -a",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "sferra"
},
"expansion": "Italian sferra",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "sferra"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan sferra",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "scerra"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of scerra",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *exferra. By surface analysis, sfirrari (“to unshoe (a horse)”) + -a. For clearer semantic evolution see Italian sferra, and compare Neapolitan sferra. Doublet of scerra.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sferri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "sferra"
},
"expansion": "sferra f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sferr",
"2": "f",
"3": "a",
"4": "i"
},
"expansion": "sferra f (plural sferri)",
"name": "scn-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sicilian requests for English equivalent term",
"parents": [
"Requests for English equivalent term",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "scn",
"name": "Farriery",
"orig": "scn:Farriery",
"parents": [
"Blacksmithing",
"Horses",
"Metalworking",
"Equids",
"Livestock",
"Crafts",
"Metallurgy",
"Odd-toed ungulates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Society",
"Metals",
"Technology",
"Mammals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Vertebrates",
"Sciences",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Chordates"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "59 3 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sicilian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 8 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sicilian terms suffixed with -a (deverbal)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"broken old exhausted horseshoe after it is taken from the hoof of the horse"
],
"id": "en-sferra-scn-noun-OmuhAJgT",
"links": [
[
"farriery",
"farriery"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(farriery) broken old exhausted horseshoe after it is taken from the hoof of the horse"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"farriery",
"hobbies",
"horses",
"lifestyle",
"pets",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He doesn't boast of bravery or arrogance, nor about the feats of his small rusty knife.",
"ref": "c. 1786, Giovanni Meli, chapter I, in Don Chisciotti e Sanciu Panza, stanza 2:",
"text": "Nun vanta lu coraggiu, e l’arruganza, ¶ Nè vanta imprisi di la sua sfirricchia[…].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a knife without handle, especially if old"
],
"id": "en-sferra-scn-noun-1yivd1hO",
"links": [
[
"knife",
"knife"
],
[
"handle",
"handle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a bolt that secures the hoe blade to the handle"
],
"id": "en-sferra-scn-noun-ODgM9Xed",
"links": [
[
"bolt",
"bolt"
],
[
"hoe",
"hoe"
],
[
"blade",
"blade"
],
[
"handle",
"handle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "sferra"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian deverbals",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Italian terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Italian terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"Italian terms suffixed with -a (deverbal)",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɛrra",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɛrra/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*exferra"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *exferra",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+it-deverbal",
"2": "sferrare<t:to unshoe (a horse)>"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from sferrare (“to unshoe (a horse)”) + -a",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "sferra"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan sferra",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "sferra"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian sferra",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *exferra. By surface analysis, deverbal from sferrare (“to unshoe (a horse)”) + -a. Compare Neapolitan sferra and Sicilian sferra.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sferre",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "sferra f (plural sferre)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sfèr‧ra"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian requests for English equivalent term",
"it:Farriery"
],
"glosses": [
"exhausted horseshoe; the old horseshoe after it is removed from the hoof of a horse"
],
"links": [
[
"farriery",
"farriery"
],
[
"exhausted",
"exhausted"
],
[
"horseshoe",
"horseshoe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(farriery) exhausted horseshoe; the old horseshoe after it is removed from the hoof of a horse"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"farriery",
"hobbies",
"horses",
"lifestyle",
"pets",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Italian terms with archaic senses",
"Italian terms with quotations",
"Regional Italian",
"Requests for translations of Italian quotations",
"it:Weapons"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Here's your old rusty sword. Are you mad with anyone? Tell me about it, and I'll make sausages of them.",
"ref": "17ᵗʰ century, Silvio Fiorillo, “Scena Settima”, in La Lucilla costante:",
"text": "Ecco la vostra sferra vecchia, avetela con alcuno? Ditelo a me, che ne farò salciccie.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1685, Federigo Nomi, chapter XIII, in Il catorcio d'Anghiari, stanza XV:",
"text": "Ognun portava l’asta ed il polvese, ¶ E al fianco senza fodero la sferra, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Then other people with sharp stones, dull knives, rusty swords, nails [of metal], [finger]nails, if there wasn't anything else, kicked and crumbled the wall.",
"ref": "1825–1827, Alessandro Manzoni, chapter XIII, in I promessi sposi^(https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/I_promessi_sposi_(Ferrario)), Milan: Vincenzo Ferrario:",
"text": "[…] altri poi con pietre aguzze, con coltelli spuntati, con isferre, con chiodi, coll’ugne, se altro non vi era, scalcinavano e sgretolavano la muraglia[…].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Various things which are old and worn out or with little value:",
"old rusty knife or sword"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"rusty",
"rusty"
],
[
"knife",
"knife"
],
[
"sword",
"sword"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, archaic or regional) Various things which are old and worn out or with little value:",
"old rusty knife or sword"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"broadly",
"dialectal",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Italian terms with archaic senses",
"Italian terms with quotations",
"Regional Italian"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] their master puts his hand on their shoulder or gifts them a rag from his old stuff.",
"ref": "1529, Pietro Aretino, “A messer Girolamo Agnelli”, in Il primo libro delle lettere:",
"text": "[…] il signor loro gli pon la mano in su la spalla o gli dona una sferra de le sue cose vecchie.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Various things which are old and worn out or with little value:",
"rag (tattered piece of clothing)"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"rag",
"rag"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, archaic or regional) Various things which are old and worn out or with little value:",
"rag (tattered piece of clothing)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cencio"
},
{
"word": "straccio"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"broadly",
"dialectal",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Italian terms with archaic senses",
"Regional Italian"
],
"glosses": [
"Various things which are old and worn out or with little value:",
"piece of junk (item of little value)"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"junk",
"junk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, archaic or regional) Various things which are old and worn out or with little value:",
"piece of junk (item of little value)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cianfrusaglia"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"broadly",
"dialectal",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Italian terms with archaic senses",
"Regional Italian"
],
"glosses": [
"Various things which are old and worn out or with little value:",
"good-for-nothing (worthless man)"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"good-for-nothing",
"good-for-nothing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, archaic or regional) Various things which are old and worn out or with little value:",
"good-for-nothing (worthless man)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "buono a nulla"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"broadly",
"dialectal",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Regional Italian",
"it:Fishing"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: rullo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dredge (iron frame attached to a fine net when fishing molluscs)"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"fishing",
"fishing#Noun"
],
[
"dredge",
"dredge#English:_iron_frame"
],
[
"mollusc",
"mollusc"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional, fishing) dredge (iron frame attached to a fine net when fishing molluscs)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"regional"
],
"topics": [
"fishing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsfɛr.ra/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrra"
}
],
"word": "sferra"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɛrra",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɛrra/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "sferra",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sfèr‧ra"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "sferrare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of sferrare:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"sferrare",
"sferrare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "sferrare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of sferrare:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"sferrare",
"sferrare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsfɛr.ra/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrra"
}
],
"word": "sferra"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "it",
"3": "sferrare"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Italian sferrare",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Italian sferrare.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jisferra",
"tags": [
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrar",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mt-conj/loan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrajt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrajt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sferra",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrajna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrajtu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sferraw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrajt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrajt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrajna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sferrajtu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sferraw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nisferra",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tisferra",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jisferra",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nisferraw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tisferraw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jisferraw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"masculine",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nisferra",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tisferra",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tisferra",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nisferraw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tisferraw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jisferraw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sferra",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sferraw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jisferra",
"2": "sferrat",
"vn": "sferrar"
},
"expansion": "sferra (imperfect jisferra, past participle sferrat, verbal noun sferrar)",
"name": "mt-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sferrajt",
"10": "jisferra",
"11": "tisferra",
"12": "nisferraw",
"13": "tisferraw",
"14": "jisferraw",
"15": "sferra",
"16": "sferraw",
"2": "sferrajt",
"3": "sferra",
"4": "sferrat",
"5": "sferrajna",
"6": "sferrajtu",
"7": "sferraw",
"8": "nisferra",
"9": "tisferra"
},
"name": "mt-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "sferrakavalli"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Maltese a-type unadapted loan verbs",
"Maltese entries with incorrect language header",
"Maltese lemmas",
"Maltese terms borrowed from Italian",
"Maltese terms derived from Italian",
"Maltese unadapted loan verbs",
"Maltese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to break loose"
],
"links": [
[
"break loose",
"break loose"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsfɛr.ra/"
}
],
"word": "sferra"
}
{
"categories": [
"Neapolitan entries with incorrect language header",
"Neapolitan feminine nouns",
"Neapolitan lemmas",
"Neapolitan nouns",
"Neapolitan terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Neapolitan terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"Neapolitan terms suffixed with -a (deverbal)",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*exferra"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *exferra",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "sferrà",
"3": "-a",
"id2": "deverbal",
"t1": "to unshoe (a horse); to unshackle (a prisoner)"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, sferrà (“to unshoe (a horse); to unshackle (a prisoner)”) + -a",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "sferra"
},
"expansion": "Italian sferra",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *exferra. By surface analysis, sferrà (“to unshoe (a horse); to unshackle (a prisoner)”) + -a. For the semantic development, see Italian sferra.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sferre",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "sferre",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "sferra f (plural sferre)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "sferr"
},
"expansion": "sferra f (plural sferre)",
"name": "nap-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"old rusty knife, especially if without handle"
],
"links": [
[
"knife",
"knife"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Neapolitan humorous terms"
],
"glosses": [
"fake large silver coins"
],
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"silver",
"silver"
],
[
"coin",
"coin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(humorous, in the plural) fake large silver coins"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"humorous",
"in-plural"
]
}
],
"word": "sferra"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sicilian doublets",
"Sicilian entries with incorrect language header",
"Sicilian feminine nouns",
"Sicilian lemmas",
"Sicilian nouns",
"Sicilian terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Sicilian terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"Sicilian terms suffixed with -a (deverbal)",
"Sicilian terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "scerra"
},
{
"word": "scirruzzu"
},
{
"word": "sferra-cavaḍḍu"
},
{
"word": "sfirricchia"
},
{
"word": "sfirruzzu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*exferra"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *exferra",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "sfirrari",
"3": "-a",
"id2": "deverbal",
"t1": "to unshoe (a horse)"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, sfirrari (“to unshoe (a horse)”) + -a",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "sferra"
},
"expansion": "Italian sferra",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "sferra"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan sferra",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "scerra"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of scerra",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *exferra. By surface analysis, sfirrari (“to unshoe (a horse)”) + -a. For clearer semantic evolution see Italian sferra, and compare Neapolitan sferra. Doublet of scerra.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sferri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "sferra"
},
"expansion": "sferra f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sferr",
"2": "f",
"3": "a",
"4": "i"
},
"expansion": "sferra f (plural sferri)",
"name": "scn-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Sicilian requests for English equivalent term",
"scn:Farriery"
],
"glosses": [
"broken old exhausted horseshoe after it is taken from the hoof of the horse"
],
"links": [
[
"farriery",
"farriery"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(farriery) broken old exhausted horseshoe after it is taken from the hoof of the horse"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"farriery",
"hobbies",
"horses",
"lifestyle",
"pets",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Sicilian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He doesn't boast of bravery or arrogance, nor about the feats of his small rusty knife.",
"ref": "c. 1786, Giovanni Meli, chapter I, in Don Chisciotti e Sanciu Panza, stanza 2:",
"text": "Nun vanta lu coraggiu, e l’arruganza, ¶ Nè vanta imprisi di la sua sfirricchia[…].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a knife without handle, especially if old"
],
"links": [
[
"knife",
"knife"
],
[
"handle",
"handle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a bolt that secures the hoe blade to the handle"
],
"links": [
[
"bolt",
"bolt"
],
[
"hoe",
"hoe"
],
[
"blade",
"blade"
],
[
"handle",
"handle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "sferra"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sferra meaning in All languages combined (16.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.