See seneschal on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "office, term",
"word": "seneschalship"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74",
"sense": "office, term, purview",
"word": "seneschalty"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "seneschal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English seneschal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "seneschal"
},
"expansion": "Old French seneschal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "siniscalcus"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin siniscalcus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*siniskalk"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *siniskalk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*siniskalkaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *siniskalkaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*siniz",
"4": "",
"5": "senior"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *siniz (“senior”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "sénéchal"
},
"expansion": "French sénéchal",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English seneschal (recorded in English since 1393), from Old French seneschal, from Medieval Latin siniscalcus, from Frankish *siniskalk, from Proto-Germanic *siniskalkaz, from Proto-Germanic *siniz (“senior”) + *skalkaz (“servant”); latter term as in marshal. As an officer of the French crown, via French sénéchal.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "seneschals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "seneschal (plural seneschals)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sen‧e‧schal"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 131:",
"text": "Beside stood seneschals, the appointed witnesses of the ensuing games.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1884 December 10, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter 35, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: (Tom Sawyer’s Comrade) […], London: Chatto & Windus, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "[…] so the very keenest seneskal can't see no sign […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1964, Jan Morris, “Four Cities”, in Spain, Faber and Faber, published 2008, →ISBN:",
"text": "It was in the queer little Church of Vera Cruz, beneath the castle, that the Knights Templar performed their secret rites of chivalry, standing vigil over their arms all night, in all the mysterious splendour of seneschal, gonfalon, and accolade.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A steward, particularly (historical) one in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate."
],
"id": "en-seneschal-en-noun-pL3F9X~Y",
"links": [
[
"steward",
"steward"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"in charge",
"in charge"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval"
],
[
"nobleman",
"nobleman"
],
[
"estate",
"estate"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "steward",
"word": "steward"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "axm",
"lang": "Middle Armenian",
"roman": "seneskal",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"word": "սենեսկալ"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "senešál",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сенеша́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"word": "皇室總管 /皇室总管"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"word": "senesalkki"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"word": "sénéchal"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"word": "seneshalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "dapifer"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"word": "seneschal"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "seneszal"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "senescal"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "senešálʹ",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сенеша́ль"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "senescal"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 51 2 44",
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"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
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},
{
"_dis": "1 51 1 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An officer of the crown in late medieval and early modern France who served as a kind of governor and chief justice of the royal court in Normandy and Languedoc."
],
"id": "en-seneschal-en-noun-eXolRrRz",
"links": [
[
"officer",
"officer"
],
[
"crown",
"crown"
],
[
"late",
"late"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval"
],
[
"early modern",
"early modern"
],
[
"France",
"France"
],
[
"serve",
"serve"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"governor",
"governor"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"justice",
"justice"
],
[
"royal",
"royal"
],
[
"court",
"court"
],
[
"Normandy",
"Normandy"
],
[
"Languedoc",
"Languedoc"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) An officer of the crown in late medieval and early modern France who served as a kind of governor and chief justice of the royal court in Normandy and Languedoc."
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"sense": "equivalent medieval office in northern France",
"word": "bailiff"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɛnəʃəl/"
},
{
"enpr": "sĕnʹə-shəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-seneschal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-seneschal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-seneschal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-seneschal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-seneschal.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"dated",
"rare"
],
"word": "seneskal"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"seneschal"
],
"word": "seneschal"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "seneschallen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "seneschals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-",
"pl2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "seneschal m (plural seneschallen or seneschals)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "seneschalk"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Archaic form of seneschalk."
],
"id": "en-seneschal-nl-noun-2bsF5gPG",
"links": [
[
"seneschalk",
"seneschalk#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"archaic",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "seneschal"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "seneschal"
},
"expansion": "English: seneschal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: seneschal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "senescall",
"3": "seneschall"
},
"expansion": "Scots: senescall, seneschall",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Scots: senescall, seneschall (obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "seneschal"
},
"expansion": "Old French seneschal",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "siniscalcus"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin siniscalcus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*siniskalk"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *siniskalk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*siniskalkaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *siniskalkaz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French seneschal, from Medieval Latin siniscalcus, from Frankish *siniskalk, from Proto-Germanic *siniskalkaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "seneschals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "seneschal",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "seneschals"
},
"expansion": "seneschal (plural seneschals)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A steward in charge of a nobleman's estate."
],
"id": "en-seneschal-enm-noun-g~XH0ni0",
"links": [
[
"steward",
"steward"
],
[
"in charge",
"in charge"
],
[
"nobleman",
"nobleman"
],
[
"estate",
"estate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 51 2 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 51 1 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Household",
"orig": "enm:Household",
"parents": [
"Home",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "enm:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A viceroy; one governing in place of a ruler."
],
"id": "en-seneschal-enm-noun-WtdIXNOg",
"links": [
[
"viceroy",
"viceroy"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɛnɛstʃal/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɛniʃal/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɛnitʃal/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɛniskal/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "seneschall"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "senyschall"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "senescal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "senescall"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "synechall"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "syneschall"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "seneshal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English"
],
"word": "senesciall"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "senceall"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sencial"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "senciall"
}
],
"word": "seneschal"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "seneschal",
"3": "senechal"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: seneschal, senechal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: seneschal, senechal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "sénéchal"
},
"expansion": "French: sénéchal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: sénéchal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "axm",
"2": "սենեսկալ",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Armenian: սենեսկալ (seneskal), սենէսկալ (senēskal), սենեսջալ (senesǰal), սինիջալ (siniǰal), սինէգալ (sinēgal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Armenian: սենեսկալ (seneskal), սենէսկալ (senēskal), սենեսջալ (senesǰal), սինիջալ (siniǰal), սինէգալ (sinēgal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "seneschal",
"3": "seneschael",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Dutch: seneschal, seneschael",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Dutch: seneschal, seneschael"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "seneschalk",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: seneschalk, seneschaal, seneschael, seneschalck (obsolete), seneschal (archaic)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: seneschalk, seneschaal, seneschael, seneschalck (obsolete), seneschal (archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "seneschal",
"3": "senescall",
"4": "seneschall",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: seneschal, senescall, seneschall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: seneschal, senescall, seneschall"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "seneschal"
},
"expansion": "English: seneschal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: seneschal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "senescall",
"3": "seneschall"
},
"expansion": "Scots: senescall, seneschall",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Scots: senescall, seneschall (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "seneschalc",
"3": "sëneschalt",
"4": "seneschlant",
"5": "scheneschlant",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle High German: seneschalc, sëneschalt, seneschlant, scheneschlant",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "also possibly from Middle Latin"
},
"expansion": "(also possibly from Middle Latin)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle High German: seneschalc, sëneschalt, seneschlant, scheneschlant (also possibly from Middle Latin)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Seneschall"
},
"expansion": "German: Seneschall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Seneschall"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "seneschal oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "seneschaus",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "seneschax",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "seneschals",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "seneschaus",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seneschax",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seneschals",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seneschal",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "seneschal oblique singular, m (oblique plural seneschaus or seneschax or seneschals, nominative singular seneschaus or seneschax or seneschals, nominative plural seneschal)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fro",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "fro:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Yes, I remember it well.\nSenschal, do you know anything about it?",
"ref": "c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:",
"text": "\"Oïl, mout m'an sovient il bien.\nSeneschaus, savez vos an rien?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"seneschal"
],
"id": "en-seneschal-fro-noun-9STq9LDj",
"links": [
[
"seneschal",
"seneschal#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "seneschall"
}
]
}
],
"word": "seneschal"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "seneschallen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "seneschals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-",
"pl2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "seneschal m (plural seneschallen or seneschals)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "seneschalk"
}
],
"categories": [
"Dutch archaic forms",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -s",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Archaic form of seneschalk."
],
"links": [
[
"seneschalk",
"seneschalk#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"archaic",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "seneschal"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Middle Armenian translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "office, term",
"word": "seneschalship"
},
{
"sense": "office, term, purview",
"word": "seneschalty"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "seneschal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English seneschal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "seneschal"
},
"expansion": "Old French seneschal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "siniscalcus"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin siniscalcus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*siniskalk"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *siniskalk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*siniskalkaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *siniskalkaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*siniz",
"4": "",
"5": "senior"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *siniz (“senior”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "sénéchal"
},
"expansion": "French sénéchal",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English seneschal (recorded in English since 1393), from Old French seneschal, from Medieval Latin siniscalcus, from Frankish *siniskalk, from Proto-Germanic *siniskalkaz, from Proto-Germanic *siniz (“senior”) + *skalkaz (“servant”); latter term as in marshal. As an officer of the French crown, via French sénéchal.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "seneschals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "seneschal (plural seneschals)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sen‧e‧schal"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"sense": "equivalent medieval office in northern France",
"word": "bailiff"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 131:",
"text": "Beside stood seneschals, the appointed witnesses of the ensuing games.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1884 December 10, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter 35, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: (Tom Sawyer’s Comrade) […], London: Chatto & Windus, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "[…] so the very keenest seneskal can't see no sign […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1964, Jan Morris, “Four Cities”, in Spain, Faber and Faber, published 2008, →ISBN:",
"text": "It was in the queer little Church of Vera Cruz, beneath the castle, that the Knights Templar performed their secret rites of chivalry, standing vigil over their arms all night, in all the mysterious splendour of seneschal, gonfalon, and accolade.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A steward, particularly (historical) one in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate."
],
"links": [
[
"steward",
"steward"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"in charge",
"in charge"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval"
],
[
"nobleman",
"nobleman"
],
[
"estate",
"estate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An officer of the crown in late medieval and early modern France who served as a kind of governor and chief justice of the royal court in Normandy and Languedoc."
],
"links": [
[
"officer",
"officer"
],
[
"crown",
"crown"
],
[
"late",
"late"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval"
],
[
"early modern",
"early modern"
],
[
"France",
"France"
],
[
"serve",
"serve"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"governor",
"governor"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"justice",
"justice"
],
[
"royal",
"royal"
],
[
"court",
"court"
],
[
"Normandy",
"Normandy"
],
[
"Languedoc",
"Languedoc"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) An officer of the crown in late medieval and early modern France who served as a kind of governor and chief justice of the royal court in Normandy and Languedoc."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɛnəʃəl/"
},
{
"enpr": "sĕnʹə-shəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-seneschal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-seneschal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-seneschal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-seneschal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-seneschal.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "steward",
"word": "steward"
},
{
"tags": [
"dated",
"rare"
],
"word": "seneskal"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "axm",
"lang": "Middle Armenian",
"roman": "seneskal",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"word": "սենեսկալ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "senešál",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сенеша́л"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"word": "皇室總管 /皇室总管"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"word": "senesalkki"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"word": "sénéchal"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"word": "seneshalo"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "dapifer"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"word": "seneschal"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "seneszal"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "senescal"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "senešálʹ",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сенеша́ль"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "steward in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "senescal"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"seneschal"
],
"word": "seneschal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Frankish",
"Middle English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Household",
"enm:Occupations"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "seneschal"
},
"expansion": "English: seneschal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: seneschal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "senescall",
"3": "seneschall"
},
"expansion": "Scots: senescall, seneschall",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Scots: senescall, seneschall (obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "seneschal"
},
"expansion": "Old French seneschal",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "siniscalcus"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin siniscalcus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*siniskalk"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *siniskalk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*siniskalkaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *siniskalkaz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French seneschal, from Medieval Latin siniscalcus, from Frankish *siniskalk, from Proto-Germanic *siniskalkaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "seneschals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "seneschal",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "seneschals"
},
"expansion": "seneschal (plural seneschals)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A steward in charge of a nobleman's estate."
],
"links": [
[
"steward",
"steward"
],
[
"in charge",
"in charge"
],
[
"nobleman",
"nobleman"
],
[
"estate",
"estate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A viceroy; one governing in place of a ruler."
],
"links": [
[
"viceroy",
"viceroy"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɛnɛstʃal/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɛniʃal/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɛnitʃal/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɛniskal/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "seneschall"
},
{
"word": "senyschall"
},
{
"word": "senescal"
},
{
"word": "senescall"
},
{
"word": "synechall"
},
{
"word": "syneschall"
},
{
"word": "seneshal"
},
{
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English"
],
"word": "senesciall"
},
{
"word": "senceall"
},
{
"word": "sencial"
},
{
"word": "senciall"
}
],
"word": "seneschal"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "seneschal",
"3": "senechal"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: seneschal, senechal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: seneschal, senechal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "sénéchal"
},
"expansion": "French: sénéchal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: sénéchal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "axm",
"2": "սենեսկալ",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Armenian: սենեսկալ (seneskal), սենէսկալ (senēskal), սենեսջալ (senesǰal), սինիջալ (siniǰal), սինէգալ (sinēgal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Armenian: սենեսկալ (seneskal), սենէսկալ (senēskal), սենեսջալ (senesǰal), սինիջալ (siniǰal), սինէգալ (sinēgal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "seneschal",
"3": "seneschael",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Dutch: seneschal, seneschael",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Dutch: seneschal, seneschael"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "seneschalk",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: seneschalk, seneschaal, seneschael, seneschalck (obsolete), seneschal (archaic)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: seneschalk, seneschaal, seneschael, seneschalck (obsolete), seneschal (archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "seneschal",
"3": "senescall",
"4": "seneschall",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: seneschal, senescall, seneschall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: seneschal, senescall, seneschall"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "seneschal"
},
"expansion": "English: seneschal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: seneschal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "senescall",
"3": "seneschall"
},
"expansion": "Scots: senescall, seneschall",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Scots: senescall, seneschall (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "seneschalc",
"3": "sëneschalt",
"4": "seneschlant",
"5": "scheneschlant",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle High German: seneschalc, sëneschalt, seneschlant, scheneschlant",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "also possibly from Middle Latin"
},
"expansion": "(also possibly from Middle Latin)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle High German: seneschalc, sëneschalt, seneschlant, scheneschlant (also possibly from Middle Latin)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Seneschall"
},
"expansion": "German: Seneschall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Seneschall"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "seneschal oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "seneschaus",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "seneschax",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "seneschals",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "seneschaus",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seneschax",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seneschals",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "seneschal",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "seneschal oblique singular, m (oblique plural seneschaus or seneschax or seneschals, nominative singular seneschaus or seneschax or seneschals, nominative plural seneschal)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms with quotations",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"fro:Occupations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Yes, I remember it well.\nSenschal, do you know anything about it?",
"ref": "c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:",
"text": "\"Oïl, mout m'an sovient il bien.\nSeneschaus, savez vos an rien?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"seneschal"
],
"links": [
[
"seneschal",
"seneschal#English"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "seneschall"
}
],
"word": "seneschal"
}
Download raw JSONL data for seneschal meaning in All languages combined (14.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'seneschal oblique singular or', originally 'seneschal oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"seneschal"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "seneschal",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'seneschal oblique singular or', originally 'seneschal oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"seneschal"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "seneschal",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'seneschal oblique singular or' in 'seneschal oblique singular, m (oblique plural seneschaus or seneschax or seneschals, nominative singular seneschaus or seneschax or seneschals, nominative plural seneschal)'",
"path": [
"seneschal"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "seneschal",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.