See rupjš on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “of powder, grain, cloth”",
"word": "smalks"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “of skin, surfaces”",
"word": "gluds"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “of skin, surfaces”",
"word": "mīksts"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “of skin, surfaces”",
"word": "maigs"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rupjība"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rupjmaize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rupja maize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rupjums"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rupjvīle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rupja vīle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hrewp-",
"4": "",
"5": "to pull, to tear, to break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to pull, to tear, to break”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "rupùs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian rupùs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "rȕpa",
"3": "",
"4": "hole, pit"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian rȕpa (“hole, pit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rjúfa",
"3": "",
"4": "to break, to tear"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rjúfa (“to break, to tear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "rubbelig",
"3": "",
"4": "uneven, harsh, coarse"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German rubbelig (“uneven, harsh, coarse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rumpere",
"3": "",
"4": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Latin rumpere (“to break”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an earlier adjective *rupus (yielding two parallel forms, a yo-stem form that became standard rupjš and an o-stem form that yielded the dialectal variant rups), from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to pull, to tear, to break”) (whence also the adjective raupjš, q.v.). The semantic evolution was probably “to pluck, to tear (e.g., wool, feathers)” > (adj.) “uneven, harsh” (skin, after removing wool, feathers) > “coarse, harsh.” Cognates include Lithuanian rupùs, Serbo-Croatian rȕpa (“hole, pit”), Old Norse rjúfa (“to break, to tear”), rauf (“cracks, holes”), reyfi (“shorn wool; uneven, harsh skin”), Middle High German rubbelig (“uneven, harsh, coarse”), Latin rumpere (“to break”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rupjais",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjāks",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "visrupjākais",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "rupji",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "small",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjajam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjajiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjajai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjajām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjajiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjajām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjajā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjajos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjajā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjajās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rups",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"10": "visrupjākais",
"11": "adverb",
"12": "rupji",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "definite",
"6": "rupjais",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "rupjāks",
"9": "superlative",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "rupjš (definite rupjais, comparative rupjāks, superlative visrupjākais, adverb rupji)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rupj"
},
"expansion": "rupjš (definite rupjais, comparative rupjāks, superlative visrupjākais, adverb rupji)",
"name": "lv-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse sand, gravel",
"text": "rupja smilts, grants",
"translation": "coarse sand, gravel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse grits, flour",
"text": "rupji putraimi, milti",
"translation": "coarse grits, flour",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse salt",
"text": "rupjais sāls",
"translation": "coarse salt",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "rough raspberries",
"text": "rupjas aveņu ogas",
"translation": "rough raspberries",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse (fish) scales",
"text": "rupjas zvīņas",
"translation": "coarse (fish) scales",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
0,
5
],
[
13,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"english": "rye bread, brown bread (lit. coarse bread)",
"text": "rupja maize, rupjmaize",
"translation": "rye bread, brown bread (lit. coarse bread)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coarse, rough (with elements having a relatively large cross section)"
],
"id": "en-rupjš-lv-adj-UFIyF1Li",
"links": [
[
"mixture",
"mixture"
],
[
"powder",
"powder"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"element",
"element#English"
],
[
"relative",
"relative#English"
],
[
"large",
"large#English"
],
[
"cross section",
"cross section#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "powder-like substances",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of mixtures, powder-like substances) coarse, rough (with elements having a relatively large cross section)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of mixtures"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse sieve, net",
"text": "rupjš siets, tīkls",
"translation": "coarse sieve, net",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coarse (having relatively large holes)"
],
"id": "en-rupjš-lv-adj-zeti77gF",
"links": [
[
"net",
"net"
],
[
"mesh",
"mesh"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"relative",
"relative#English"
],
[
"large",
"large#English"
],
[
"hole",
"hole#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of nets, meshes) coarse (having relatively large holes)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of nets"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 13 11 8 8 10 10 9 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian adjectives in -š",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 25 19 6 2 7 7 14 9 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 3 21 17 7 3 9 6 12 9 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 34 26 8 1 2 3 17 4 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 34 25 8 1 2 2 15 10 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
0,
5
],
[
12,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "rough file",
"text": "rupja vīle, rupjvīle",
"translation": "rough file",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough (having on its surface relatively wide, deep grooves)"
],
"id": "en-rupjš-lv-adj-mQJk8B3P",
"links": [
[
"file",
"file"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"surface",
"surface#English"
],
[
"relative",
"relative#English"
],
[
"wide",
"wide#English"
],
[
"deep",
"deep#English"
],
[
"groove",
"groove#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of files) rough (having on its surface relatively wide, deep grooves)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of files"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 13 11 8 8 10 10 9 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian adjectives in -š",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
],
[
8,
13
]
],
"english": "coarse, thick thread",
"text": "rupjš diegs",
"translation": "coarse, thick thread",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
],
[
8,
13
]
],
"english": "coarse, thick yarn",
"text": "rupja dzija",
"translation": "coarse, thick yarn",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse wool",
"text": "rupja vilna",
"translation": "coarse wool",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse needle",
"text": "rupja adata",
"translation": "coarse needle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
18
]
],
"english": "scrim (lit. coarse linen) cloth",
"text": "rupjš linu audums",
"translation": "scrim (lit. coarse linen) cloth",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse bag, shirt, tablecloth",
"text": "rupjš maiss, krekls, galdauts",
"translation": "coarse bag, shirt, tablecloth",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse socks",
"text": "rupjas zeķes",
"translation": "coarse socks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
18
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
32,
38
]
],
"english": "to dry oneself with (lit. in) a coarse towel",
"text": "noslaucīties rupjā dvielī",
"translation": "to dry oneself with (lit. in) a coarse towel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
35
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
37,
43
]
],
"english": "an elk's body is covered with thick, coarse hair",
"text": "aļņa ķermenis klāts ar biezu, rupju apmatojumu",
"translation": "an elk's body is covered with thick, coarse hair",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coarse, thick (having a relatively large cross-section; made of thread, yarn having a relatively large cross-section)"
],
"id": "en-rupjš-lv-adj-IX8sraEn",
"links": [
[
"thread",
"thread"
],
[
"yarn",
"yarn"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"fur",
"fur"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"relative",
"relative#English"
],
[
"large",
"large#English"
],
[
"cross-section",
"cross-section#English"
],
[
"thread",
"thread#English"
],
[
"yarn",
"yarn#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "yarn; hair; fur; also cloth; yarn; hair; fur; also cloth",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of thread, yarn, hair, fur, also cloth) coarse, thick (having a relatively large cross-section; made of thread, yarn having a relatively large cross-section)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of thread"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
7,
13
]
],
"english": "rough, coarse grist flour (i.e., flour which contains chaff)",
"text": "rupja maluma milti",
"translation": "rough, coarse grist flour (i.e., flour which contains chaff)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coarse, rough (composed of elements having a relatively large cross-section)"
],
"id": "en-rupjš-lv-adj-iOfMxPEJ",
"links": [
[
"grain",
"grain"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"compose",
"compose#English"
],
[
"elements",
"elements#English"
],
[
"relative",
"relative#English"
],
[
"large",
"large#English"
],
[
"cross-section",
"cross-section#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of grains) coarse, rough (composed of elements having a relatively large cross-section)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of grains"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
18
]
],
"english": "my hands are harsh from work",
"text": "rokas man rupjas no darba",
"translation": "my hands are harsh from work",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "harsh, gray paper",
"text": "rupjš, pelēks papīrs",
"translation": "harsh, gray paper",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
],
[
8,
13
]
],
"english": "coarse, harsh plaster",
"text": "rupjais apmetums",
"translation": "coarse, harsh plaster",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
24
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
30,
35
]
],
"english": "the alligator is covered by a harsh, rugged skin",
"text": "aligators klāts ar rupju, grumbuļainu ādu",
"translation": "the alligator is covered by a harsh, rugged skin",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough, harsh, unpolished; having bumps and dents on its surface"
],
"id": "en-rupjš-lv-adj-jvHEAbvy",
"links": [
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"unpolished",
"unpolished"
],
[
"bump",
"bump"
],
[
"dent",
"dent"
]
],
"qualifier": "surfaces",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of skin, surfaces) rough, harsh, unpolished; having bumps and dents on its surface"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of skin"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Touch",
"orig": "lv:Touch",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
5,
10
],
[
12,
18
]
],
"english": "that rough, coarse wooden chest",
"text": "šis rupjais dēļu šķirsts",
"translation": "that rough, coarse wooden chest",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
15,
20
],
[
15,
22
]
],
"english": "rough cutting, roughly cut surface",
"text": "rupjais cirtums",
"translation": "rough cutting, roughly cut surface",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough, not refined, not well designed, not completed, of low quality"
],
"id": "en-rupjš-lv-adj-y~XuHAgP",
"links": [
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"refine",
"refine"
],
[
"design",
"design"
],
[
"complete",
"complete"
],
[
"low",
"low"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of objects) rough, not refined, not well designed, not completed, of low quality"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of objects"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 13 11 8 8 10 10 9 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian adjectives in -š",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse laughter",
"text": "rupji smiekli",
"translation": "coarse laughter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
],
[
8,
14
],
[
11,
14
],
[
16,
19
]
],
"english": "coarse, hollow, low voice",
"text": "rupja balss",
"translation": "coarse, hollow, low voice",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse, barking cough",
"text": "rupjš, rejošs klepus",
"translation": "coarse, barking cough",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coarse, hollow, low"
],
"id": "en-rupjš-lv-adj-8JL2yDSf",
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"low",
"low"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of sounds) coarse, hollow, low"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of sounds"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
18
]
],
"english": "Grīslis was a rude, irritable man",
"text": "Grīslis bija rupjš, nesaticīgs vīrs",
"translation": "Grīslis was a rude, irritable man",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "rude joke",
"text": "rupjš joks",
"translation": "rude joke",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "harsh language",
"text": "rupjš izteiciens",
"translation": "harsh language",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
7,
11
]
],
"english": "harsh, rude mouth",
"text": "rupja mute",
"translation": "harsh, rude mouth",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
7,
11
]
],
"english": "harsh, rude words",
"text": "rupji vārdi",
"translation": "harsh, rude words",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
7,
14
]
],
"english": "tough, violent fighting technique",
"text": "rupjš cīņas paņēmiens",
"translation": "tough, violent fighting technique",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "rude, tactless behavior",
"text": "rupja, netaktiska izturēšanās",
"translation": "rude, tactless behavior",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rude, offensive, tactless, tough, violent; expressing such features"
],
"id": "en-rupjš-lv-adj-mZkF6EEz",
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior"
],
[
"rude",
"rude"
],
[
"offensive",
"offensive"
],
[
"tactless",
"tactless"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"violent",
"violent"
],
[
"express",
"express"
],
[
"feature",
"feature"
]
],
"qualifier": "their behavior",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of people, their behavior) rude, offensive, tactless, tough, violent; expressing such features"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of people"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 2 13 11 4 3 13 7 7 25 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
7,
10
]
],
"english": "gross, big mistake, blunder",
"text": "rupja kļūda",
"translation": "gross, big mistake, blunder",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "big breach of discipline",
"text": "rupjš disciplīnas pārkāpums",
"translation": "big breach of discipline",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
7,
16
]
],
"english": "gross, shameless calumny, slander",
"text": "rupjš apmelojums",
"translation": "gross, shameless calumny, slander",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
11,
16
],
[
18,
21
]
],
"english": "to believe gross, big lies",
"text": "ticēt rupjiem meliem",
"translation": "to believe gross, big lies",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gross, big (which deviates strongly from the truth, from accepted norms, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-rupjš-lv-adj-Zdcz8tg0",
"links": [
[
"error",
"error"
],
[
"irregularities",
"irregularity"
],
[
"gross",
"gross"
],
[
"big",
"big"
],
[
"deviate",
"deviate#English"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"truth",
"truth#English"
],
[
"accept",
"accept#English"
],
[
"norm",
"norm#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "irregularities",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of errors, irregularities, etc.) gross, big (which deviates strongly from the truth, from accepted norms, etc.)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of errors"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
7,
12
]
],
"english": "harsh, tough work",
"text": "rupjais darbs",
"translation": "harsh, tough work",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh, tough (physical, heavy and repetitive)"
],
"id": "en-rupjš-lv-adj-gv5spuEG",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"physical",
"physical#English"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy#English"
],
[
"repetitive",
"repetitive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of work) harsh, tough (physical, heavy and repetitive)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of work"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[rupʲʃ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 50 0 0 50 0 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "of skin, surface",
"word": "negluds"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 50 0 0 50 0 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "of skin, surface",
"word": "raupjš"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 50 0 0 50 0 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "of skin, surface",
"word": "ass"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 8 18 14 7 6 11 13 9 7 0",
"sense": "of sounds",
"word": "skarbs"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 8 18 14 7 6 11 13 9 7 0",
"sense": "of sounds",
"word": "zems"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 8 18 14 7 6 11 13 9 7 0",
"sense": "of sounds",
"word": "dobjš"
}
],
"word": "rupjš"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “of powder, grain, cloth”",
"word": "smalks"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “of skin, surfaces”",
"word": "gluds"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “of skin, surfaces”",
"word": "mīksts"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “of skin, surfaces”",
"word": "maigs"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latvian adjectives",
"Latvian adjectives in -š",
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian undefined derivations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"lv:Touch"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rupjība"
},
{
"word": "rupjmaize"
},
{
"word": "rupja maize"
},
{
"word": "rupjums"
},
{
"word": "rupjvīle"
},
{
"word": "rupja vīle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hrewp-",
"4": "",
"5": "to pull, to tear, to break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to pull, to tear, to break”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "rupùs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian rupùs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "rȕpa",
"3": "",
"4": "hole, pit"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian rȕpa (“hole, pit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rjúfa",
"3": "",
"4": "to break, to tear"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rjúfa (“to break, to tear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "rubbelig",
"3": "",
"4": "uneven, harsh, coarse"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German rubbelig (“uneven, harsh, coarse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rumpere",
"3": "",
"4": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Latin rumpere (“to break”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an earlier adjective *rupus (yielding two parallel forms, a yo-stem form that became standard rupjš and an o-stem form that yielded the dialectal variant rups), from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to pull, to tear, to break”) (whence also the adjective raupjš, q.v.). The semantic evolution was probably “to pluck, to tear (e.g., wool, feathers)” > (adj.) “uneven, harsh” (skin, after removing wool, feathers) > “coarse, harsh.” Cognates include Lithuanian rupùs, Serbo-Croatian rȕpa (“hole, pit”), Old Norse rjúfa (“to break, to tear”), rauf (“cracks, holes”), reyfi (“shorn wool; uneven, harsh skin”), Middle High German rubbelig (“uneven, harsh, coarse”), Latin rumpere (“to break”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rupjais",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjāks",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "visrupjākais",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "rupji",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "small",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjajam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjajiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjajai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjajām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjajiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjajām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjajā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjajos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjajā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjajās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rupjās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rups",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"10": "visrupjākais",
"11": "adverb",
"12": "rupji",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "definite",
"6": "rupjais",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "rupjāks",
"9": "superlative",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "rupjš (definite rupjais, comparative rupjāks, superlative visrupjākais, adverb rupji)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rupj"
},
"expansion": "rupjš (definite rupjais, comparative rupjāks, superlative visrupjākais, adverb rupji)",
"name": "lv-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse sand, gravel",
"text": "rupja smilts, grants",
"translation": "coarse sand, gravel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse grits, flour",
"text": "rupji putraimi, milti",
"translation": "coarse grits, flour",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse salt",
"text": "rupjais sāls",
"translation": "coarse salt",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "rough raspberries",
"text": "rupjas aveņu ogas",
"translation": "rough raspberries",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse (fish) scales",
"text": "rupjas zvīņas",
"translation": "coarse (fish) scales",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
0,
5
],
[
13,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"english": "rye bread, brown bread (lit. coarse bread)",
"text": "rupja maize, rupjmaize",
"translation": "rye bread, brown bread (lit. coarse bread)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coarse, rough (with elements having a relatively large cross section)"
],
"links": [
[
"mixture",
"mixture"
],
[
"powder",
"powder"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"element",
"element#English"
],
[
"relative",
"relative#English"
],
[
"large",
"large#English"
],
[
"cross section",
"cross section#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "powder-like substances",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of mixtures, powder-like substances) coarse, rough (with elements having a relatively large cross section)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of mixtures"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse sieve, net",
"text": "rupjš siets, tīkls",
"translation": "coarse sieve, net",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coarse (having relatively large holes)"
],
"links": [
[
"net",
"net"
],
[
"mesh",
"mesh"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"relative",
"relative#English"
],
[
"large",
"large#English"
],
[
"hole",
"hole#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of nets, meshes) coarse (having relatively large holes)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of nets"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
0,
5
],
[
12,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "rough file",
"text": "rupja vīle, rupjvīle",
"translation": "rough file",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough (having on its surface relatively wide, deep grooves)"
],
"links": [
[
"file",
"file"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"surface",
"surface#English"
],
[
"relative",
"relative#English"
],
[
"wide",
"wide#English"
],
[
"deep",
"deep#English"
],
[
"groove",
"groove#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of files) rough (having on its surface relatively wide, deep grooves)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of files"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
],
[
8,
13
]
],
"english": "coarse, thick thread",
"text": "rupjš diegs",
"translation": "coarse, thick thread",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
],
[
8,
13
]
],
"english": "coarse, thick yarn",
"text": "rupja dzija",
"translation": "coarse, thick yarn",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse wool",
"text": "rupja vilna",
"translation": "coarse wool",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse needle",
"text": "rupja adata",
"translation": "coarse needle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
18
]
],
"english": "scrim (lit. coarse linen) cloth",
"text": "rupjš linu audums",
"translation": "scrim (lit. coarse linen) cloth",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse bag, shirt, tablecloth",
"text": "rupjš maiss, krekls, galdauts",
"translation": "coarse bag, shirt, tablecloth",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse socks",
"text": "rupjas zeķes",
"translation": "coarse socks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
18
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
32,
38
]
],
"english": "to dry oneself with (lit. in) a coarse towel",
"text": "noslaucīties rupjā dvielī",
"translation": "to dry oneself with (lit. in) a coarse towel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
35
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
37,
43
]
],
"english": "an elk's body is covered with thick, coarse hair",
"text": "aļņa ķermenis klāts ar biezu, rupju apmatojumu",
"translation": "an elk's body is covered with thick, coarse hair",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coarse, thick (having a relatively large cross-section; made of thread, yarn having a relatively large cross-section)"
],
"links": [
[
"thread",
"thread"
],
[
"yarn",
"yarn"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"fur",
"fur"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"relative",
"relative#English"
],
[
"large",
"large#English"
],
[
"cross-section",
"cross-section#English"
],
[
"thread",
"thread#English"
],
[
"yarn",
"yarn#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "yarn; hair; fur; also cloth; yarn; hair; fur; also cloth",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of thread, yarn, hair, fur, also cloth) coarse, thick (having a relatively large cross-section; made of thread, yarn having a relatively large cross-section)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of thread"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
7,
13
]
],
"english": "rough, coarse grist flour (i.e., flour which contains chaff)",
"text": "rupja maluma milti",
"translation": "rough, coarse grist flour (i.e., flour which contains chaff)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coarse, rough (composed of elements having a relatively large cross-section)"
],
"links": [
[
"grain",
"grain"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"compose",
"compose#English"
],
[
"elements",
"elements#English"
],
[
"relative",
"relative#English"
],
[
"large",
"large#English"
],
[
"cross-section",
"cross-section#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of grains) coarse, rough (composed of elements having a relatively large cross-section)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of grains"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
18
]
],
"english": "my hands are harsh from work",
"text": "rokas man rupjas no darba",
"translation": "my hands are harsh from work",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "harsh, gray paper",
"text": "rupjš, pelēks papīrs",
"translation": "harsh, gray paper",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
],
[
8,
13
]
],
"english": "coarse, harsh plaster",
"text": "rupjais apmetums",
"translation": "coarse, harsh plaster",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
24
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
30,
35
]
],
"english": "the alligator is covered by a harsh, rugged skin",
"text": "aligators klāts ar rupju, grumbuļainu ādu",
"translation": "the alligator is covered by a harsh, rugged skin",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough, harsh, unpolished; having bumps and dents on its surface"
],
"links": [
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"unpolished",
"unpolished"
],
[
"bump",
"bump"
],
[
"dent",
"dent"
]
],
"qualifier": "surfaces",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of skin, surfaces) rough, harsh, unpolished; having bumps and dents on its surface"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of skin"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
5,
10
],
[
12,
18
]
],
"english": "that rough, coarse wooden chest",
"text": "šis rupjais dēļu šķirsts",
"translation": "that rough, coarse wooden chest",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
15,
20
],
[
15,
22
]
],
"english": "rough cutting, roughly cut surface",
"text": "rupjais cirtums",
"translation": "rough cutting, roughly cut surface",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough, not refined, not well designed, not completed, of low quality"
],
"links": [
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"refine",
"refine"
],
[
"design",
"design"
],
[
"complete",
"complete"
],
[
"low",
"low"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of objects) rough, not refined, not well designed, not completed, of low quality"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of objects"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse laughter",
"text": "rupji smiekli",
"translation": "coarse laughter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
],
[
8,
14
],
[
11,
14
],
[
16,
19
]
],
"english": "coarse, hollow, low voice",
"text": "rupja balss",
"translation": "coarse, hollow, low voice",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "coarse, barking cough",
"text": "rupjš, rejošs klepus",
"translation": "coarse, barking cough",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coarse, hollow, low"
],
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"low",
"low"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of sounds) coarse, hollow, low"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of sounds"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
18
]
],
"english": "Grīslis was a rude, irritable man",
"text": "Grīslis bija rupjš, nesaticīgs vīrs",
"translation": "Grīslis was a rude, irritable man",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "rude joke",
"text": "rupjš joks",
"translation": "rude joke",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "harsh language",
"text": "rupjš izteiciens",
"translation": "harsh language",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
7,
11
]
],
"english": "harsh, rude mouth",
"text": "rupja mute",
"translation": "harsh, rude mouth",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
7,
11
]
],
"english": "harsh, rude words",
"text": "rupji vārdi",
"translation": "harsh, rude words",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
7,
14
]
],
"english": "tough, violent fighting technique",
"text": "rupjš cīņas paņēmiens",
"translation": "tough, violent fighting technique",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "rude, tactless behavior",
"text": "rupja, netaktiska izturēšanās",
"translation": "rude, tactless behavior",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rude, offensive, tactless, tough, violent; expressing such features"
],
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior"
],
[
"rude",
"rude"
],
[
"offensive",
"offensive"
],
[
"tactless",
"tactless"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"violent",
"violent"
],
[
"express",
"express"
],
[
"feature",
"feature"
]
],
"qualifier": "their behavior",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of people, their behavior) rude, offensive, tactless, tough, violent; expressing such features"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of people"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
7,
10
]
],
"english": "gross, big mistake, blunder",
"text": "rupja kļūda",
"translation": "gross, big mistake, blunder",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "big breach of discipline",
"text": "rupjš disciplīnas pārkāpums",
"translation": "big breach of discipline",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
7,
16
]
],
"english": "gross, shameless calumny, slander",
"text": "rupjš apmelojums",
"translation": "gross, shameless calumny, slander",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
11,
16
],
[
18,
21
]
],
"english": "to believe gross, big lies",
"text": "ticēt rupjiem meliem",
"translation": "to believe gross, big lies",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gross, big (which deviates strongly from the truth, from accepted norms, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"error",
"error"
],
[
"irregularities",
"irregularity"
],
[
"gross",
"gross"
],
[
"big",
"big"
],
[
"deviate",
"deviate#English"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"truth",
"truth#English"
],
[
"accept",
"accept#English"
],
[
"norm",
"norm#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "irregularities",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of errors, irregularities, etc.) gross, big (which deviates strongly from the truth, from accepted norms, etc.)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of errors"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
7,
12
]
],
"english": "harsh, tough work",
"text": "rupjais darbs",
"translation": "harsh, tough work",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh, tough (physical, heavy and repetitive)"
],
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"physical",
"physical#English"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy#English"
],
[
"repetitive",
"repetitive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of work) harsh, tough (physical, heavy and repetitive)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of work"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[rupʲʃ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "of skin, surface",
"word": "negluds"
},
{
"sense": "of skin, surface",
"word": "raupjš"
},
{
"sense": "of skin, surface",
"word": "ass"
},
{
"sense": "of sounds",
"word": "skarbs"
},
{
"sense": "of sounds",
"word": "zems"
},
{
"sense": "of sounds",
"word": "dobjš"
}
],
"word": "rupjš"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rupjš meaning in All languages combined (22.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: of nets, meshes",
"path": [
"rupjš"
],
"section": "Latvian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "rupjš",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: of nets, meshes",
"path": [
"rupjš"
],
"section": "Latvian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "rupjš",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"rupjš"
],
"section": "Latvian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "rupjš",
"trace": "started on line 163, detected on line 163"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"rupjš"
],
"section": "Latvian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "rupjš",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.