See rubble on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bounce rubble"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bounce the rubble"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rubble crab"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rubble pile"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rubblestone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rubblework"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rubbly"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rouble"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rouble",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "*robel",
"t": "bits of broken stone"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman *robel (“bits of broken stone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "waste material, bits of stone, rubble"
},
"expansion": "(waste material, bits of stone, rubble)",
"name": "gl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rubba",
"t": "to huddle, crowd together, heap up\", possibly also \"to rub, scrape"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rubba (“to huddle, crowd together, heap up\", possibly also \"to rub, scrape”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rubbōną",
"t": "to rub, scrape"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rubbōną (“to rub, scrape”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*reufaną",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *reufaną (“to tear”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "robe"
},
"expansion": "Old French robe",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rouble, rubel, robel, robeil, from Anglo-Norman *robel (“bits of broken stone”). Presumably related to rubbish, originally of same meaning (waste material, bits of stone, rubble). Ultimately presumably from Old Norse rubba (“to huddle, crowd together, heap up\", possibly also \"to rub, scrape”), from Proto-Germanic *rubbōną (“to rub, scrape”), related to Proto-Germanic *reufaną (“to tear”), *raubōną (“to rob, steal, plunder”), perhaps via Old French robe (English rob (“steal”)) in sense of “plunder, destroy”; see also Middle English, Middle French -el.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubbles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "rubble (countable and uncountable, plural rubbles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rubbish"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 49 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 44 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 72:",
"text": "The old boulevard now was a sagging ruin, waiting for the wreckers. … You'd have to loathe yourself vividly to be indifferent to such destruction or, worse, rejoice at the crushing of the locus of these middle-class settlements, glad that history had made rubble of them.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 29, “High and wet”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 28:",
"text": "Floods in northern India, mostly in the small state of Uttarakhand, have wrought disaster on an enormous scale.[…]Rock-filled torrents smashed vehicles and homes, burying victims under rubble and sludge.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry."
],
"id": "en-rubble-en-noun-XULwBzNu",
"links": [
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"masonry",
"masonry"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔanqāḍ",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "أَنْقَاض"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rukām",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "رُكام"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "zabor"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "adlómki",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "адло́мкі"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ablómki",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "абло́мкі"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ščébjenʹ",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шчэ́бень"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "druz",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "друз"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dismantr"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otlómki",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "отло́мки"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reble"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "瓦礫"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wǎlì",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "瓦砾"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "suìshí",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "碎石"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "suť"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "puin"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "ŝtonetaro"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "rubo"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "kiviprügi"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "klibu"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "killustik"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "rauniot"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "décombres"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "débris"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"plural-only"
],
"word": "gravats"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "entullo"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reblo"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rello"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rebo"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cascabullo"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schutt"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "törmelék"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "sitt"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "rústir"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "exkavuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "eskombro"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "puing"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "calcinacci"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "macerie"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "detriti"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"alt": "がれき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gareki",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "瓦礫"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"alt": "破片",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "papyeon",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "파편"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"alt": "瓦礫",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "waryeok",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "와력"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "strāgēs"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rūdus"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "griuvėsiai"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "puing"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "moloz",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "مولوز"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rumowisko"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"english": "resulting from construction works",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "entulho"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"english": "resulting from destruction",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "escombros"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "moloz"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "dărâmătură"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oblómki",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "обло́мки"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ščébenʹ",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ще́бень"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "escombros"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "fusi"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bråte"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "tly",
"lang": "Talysh",
"roman": "gili",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"Asalemi"
],
"word": "گیلی"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"roman": "rdo hrug",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "རྡོ་ཧྲུག"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "moloz"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ulámky",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ула́мки"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ščébinʹ",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ще́бінь"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "en:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 56 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 60 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "11 63 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "10 75 15",
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{
"_dis": "10 57 33",
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},
{
"_dis": "12 52 37",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "14 59 27",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "11 51 38",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "11 49 40",
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{
"_dis": "17 60 24",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "12 52 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
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{
"_dis": "15 63 22",
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
"_dis": "14 67 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
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{
"_dis": "14 67 19",
"kind": "other",
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 53 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 53 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 44 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 49 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 54 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 52 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 67 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 72 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 52 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 53 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 52 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Talysh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 51 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tibetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 53 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 52 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1855, Sir Charles Lyell, A Manual of Elementary Geology:",
"text": "The overlying beds are composed of such calcareous rubble and flints, rudely stratified",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mass or stratum of fragments of rock lying under the alluvium and derived from the neighbouring rock."
],
"id": "en-rubble-en-noun-TJH8uVH~",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"mass",
"mass"
],
[
"stratum",
"stratum"
],
[
"fragment",
"fragment"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"alluvium",
"alluvium"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A mass or stratum of fragments of rock lying under the alluvium and derived from the neighbouring rock."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 49 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 50 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 44 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 35 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The whole of the bran of wheat before it is sorted into pollard, bran, etc."
],
"id": "en-rubble-en-noun-VRB~M8f9",
"links": [
[
"bran",
"bran"
],
[
"wheat",
"wheat"
],
[
"pollard",
"pollard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect, in the plural) The whole of the bran of wheat before it is sorted into pollard, bran, etc."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"countable",
"dialectal",
"in-plural",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌb.əl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rubble.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/En-us-rubble.ogg/En-us-rubble.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/En-us-rubble.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌbəl"
}
],
"word": "rubble"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Hebrew translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌbəl",
"Rhymes:English/ʌbəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Talysh translations",
"Terms with Tibetan translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bounce rubble"
},
{
"word": "bounce the rubble"
},
{
"word": "rubble crab"
},
{
"word": "rubble pile"
},
{
"word": "rubblestone"
},
{
"word": "rubblework"
},
{
"word": "rubbly"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rouble"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rouble",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "*robel",
"t": "bits of broken stone"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman *robel (“bits of broken stone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "waste material, bits of stone, rubble"
},
"expansion": "(waste material, bits of stone, rubble)",
"name": "gl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rubba",
"t": "to huddle, crowd together, heap up\", possibly also \"to rub, scrape"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rubba (“to huddle, crowd together, heap up\", possibly also \"to rub, scrape”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rubbōną",
"t": "to rub, scrape"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rubbōną (“to rub, scrape”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*reufaną",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *reufaną (“to tear”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "robe"
},
"expansion": "Old French robe",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rouble, rubel, robel, robeil, from Anglo-Norman *robel (“bits of broken stone”). Presumably related to rubbish, originally of same meaning (waste material, bits of stone, rubble). Ultimately presumably from Old Norse rubba (“to huddle, crowd together, heap up\", possibly also \"to rub, scrape”), from Proto-Germanic *rubbōną (“to rub, scrape”), related to Proto-Germanic *reufaną (“to tear”), *raubōną (“to rob, steal, plunder”), perhaps via Old French robe (English rob (“steal”)) in sense of “plunder, destroy”; see also Middle English, Middle French -el.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubbles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "rubble (countable and uncountable, plural rubbles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "rubbish"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 72:",
"text": "The old boulevard now was a sagging ruin, waiting for the wreckers. … You'd have to loathe yourself vividly to be indifferent to such destruction or, worse, rejoice at the crushing of the locus of these middle-class settlements, glad that history had made rubble of them.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 29, “High and wet”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 28:",
"text": "Floods in northern India, mostly in the small state of Uttarakhand, have wrought disaster on an enormous scale.[…]Rock-filled torrents smashed vehicles and homes, burying victims under rubble and sludge.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry."
],
"links": [
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"masonry",
"masonry"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Geology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1855, Sir Charles Lyell, A Manual of Elementary Geology:",
"text": "The overlying beds are composed of such calcareous rubble and flints, rudely stratified",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mass or stratum of fragments of rock lying under the alluvium and derived from the neighbouring rock."
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"mass",
"mass"
],
[
"stratum",
"stratum"
],
[
"fragment",
"fragment"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"alluvium",
"alluvium"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A mass or stratum of fragments of rock lying under the alluvium and derived from the neighbouring rock."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"The whole of the bran of wheat before it is sorted into pollard, bran, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"bran",
"bran"
],
[
"wheat",
"wheat"
],
[
"pollard",
"pollard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect, in the plural) The whole of the bran of wheat before it is sorted into pollard, bran, etc."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"countable",
"dialectal",
"in-plural",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌb.əl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rubble.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/En-us-rubble.ogg/En-us-rubble.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/En-us-rubble.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌbəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔanqāḍ",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "أَنْقَاض"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rukām",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "رُكام"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "zabor"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "adlómki",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "адло́мкі"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ablómki",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "абло́мкі"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ščébjenʹ",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шчэ́бень"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "druz",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "друз"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dismantr"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otlómki",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "отло́мки"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reble"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "瓦礫"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wǎlì",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "瓦砾"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "suìshí",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "碎石"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "suť"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "puin"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "ŝtonetaro"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "rubo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "kiviprügi"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "klibu"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "killustik"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "rauniot"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "décombres"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "débris"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"plural-only"
],
"word": "gravats"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "entullo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reblo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rello"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rebo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cascabullo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schutt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "törmelék"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "sitt"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "rústir"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "exkavuro"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "eskombro"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "puing"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "calcinacci"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "macerie"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "detriti"
},
{
"alt": "がれき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gareki",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "瓦礫"
},
{
"alt": "破片",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "papyeon",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "파편"
},
{
"alt": "瓦礫",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "waryeok",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "와력"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "strāgēs"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rūdus"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "griuvėsiai"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "puing"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "moloz",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "مولوز"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rumowisko"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"english": "resulting from construction works",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "entulho"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"english": "resulting from destruction",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "escombros"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "moloz"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "dărâmătură"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oblómki",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "обло́мки"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ščébenʹ",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ще́бень"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "escombros"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "fusi"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bråte"
},
{
"code": "tly",
"lang": "Talysh",
"roman": "gili",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"Asalemi"
],
"word": "گیلی"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"roman": "rdo hrug",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "རྡོ་ཧྲུག"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"word": "moloz"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ulámky",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ула́мки"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ščébinʹ",
"sense": "the broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ще́бінь"
}
],
"word": "rubble"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rubble meaning in All languages combined (15.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.