See rubah on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for rubah meaning in All languages combined (7.4kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "rubah"
},
"expansion": "Malay rubah",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "fa",
"3": "pal",
"4": "iir-pro",
"5": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay rubah.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubahku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "rubahmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rubahnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rubah (first-person possessive rubahku, second-person possessive rubahmu, third-person possessive rubahnya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧bah"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian rebracketings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fox (Vulpes vulpes)."
],
"id": "en-rubah-id-noun-REq-j6mu",
"links": [
[
"fox",
"fox#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈru.bah]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:rubah"
],
"word": "rubah"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id"
},
"expansion": "Rebracketing",
"name": "rebracketing"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ber",
"3": "ubah",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ber- + ubah",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "be",
"3": "rubah",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "be- + rubah",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "sa",
"3": "उभा",
"4": "",
"5": "to erect"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit उभा (ubhā, “to erect”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Rebracketing of forms like berubah (ber- + ubah) as (be- + rubah). Originally from Sanskrit उभा (ubhā, “to erect”). Probably inherited from Malay. Occurred in some Malay dialects.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubah",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"root"
]
},
{
"form": "merubah",
"tags": [
"active",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "berubah",
"tags": [
"active",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"10": "dirubah",
"11": "adversative passive",
"12": "terubah",
"2": "verb",
"3": "root imperative",
"4": "rubah",
"5": "active transitive",
"6": "merubah",
"7": "active intransitive",
"8": "berubah",
"9": "ordinary passive",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "rubah (root imperative rubah, active transitive merubah, active intransitive berubah, ordinary passive dirubah, adversative passive terubah)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧bah"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to change",
"word": "ubah"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard spelling of ubah (“to change”)."
],
"id": "en-rubah-id-verb-YgiEgeYG",
"links": [
[
"ubah",
"ubah#Indonesian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈru.bah]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:rubah"
],
"word": "rubah"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "rubah"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: rubah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: rubah"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "fa",
"3": "روباه",
"tr": "rubâh"
},
"expansion": "Persian روباه (rubâh)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "pal",
"3": "lwpʾh",
"4": "",
"5": "fox",
"tr": "rōbāh"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian lwpʾh (rōbāh, “fox”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*laupāća"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *laupāća",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂wl(o)p-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Persian روباه (rubâh), from Middle Persian lwpʾh (rōbāh, “fox”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *laupāća, diminutive of *laupi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p- ~ *h₂ulp- (“(red) fox”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "روبه",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "rubah-rubah",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubahku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"informal",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "rubahmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rubahnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "روبه"
},
"expansion": "rubah (Jawi spelling روبه, plural rubah-rubah, informal 1st possessive rubahku, 2nd possessive rubahmu, 3rd possessive rubahnya)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay rebracketings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ms",
"name": "Foxes",
"orig": "ms:Foxes",
"parents": [
"Canids",
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fox (Vulpes vulpes)"
],
"id": "en-rubah-ms-noun-tFTwJoRW",
"links": [
[
"fox",
"fox"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "musang"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rubah/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ubah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-bah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ah"
}
],
"word": "rubah"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms"
},
"expansion": "Rebracketing",
"name": "rebracketing"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ber",
"3": "ubah",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ber- + ubah",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "be",
"3": "rubah",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "be- + rubah",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "sa",
"3": "उभा",
"4": "",
"5": "to erect"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit उभा (ubhā, “to erect”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Rebracketing of berubah (ber- + ubah) as (be- + rubah ). Originally from Sanskrit उभा (ubhā, “to erect”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "روبه",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "روبه"
},
"expansion": "rubah (Jawi spelling روبه)",
"name": "ms-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dirubah"
},
{
"word": "merubah"
},
{
"word": "perubahan"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This book has changed my life.",
"text": "Buku ini telah merubah hidupku.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to change"
],
"id": "en-rubah-ms-verb-WB4OyXXt",
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) to change"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tukar"
},
{
"word": "ubah"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rubah/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ubah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-bah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ah"
}
],
"word": "rubah"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian rebracketings",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Indonesian terms derived from Persian",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Indonesian terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Indonesian verbs",
"Requests for plural forms in Indonesian entries",
"ms:Foxes"
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"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
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"3": "rubah"
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"expansion": "Malay rubah",
"name": "inh"
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{
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"1": "id",
"2": "fa",
"3": "pal",
"4": "iir-pro",
"5": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay rubah.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubahku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "rubahmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rubahnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rubah (first-person possessive rubahku, second-person possessive rubahmu, third-person possessive rubahnya)",
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"ru‧bah"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fox (Vulpes vulpes)."
],
"links": [
[
"fox",
"fox#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈru.bah]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:rubah"
],
"word": "rubah"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian rebracketings",
"Indonesian terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Indonesian verbs",
"ms:Foxes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id"
},
"expansion": "Rebracketing",
"name": "rebracketing"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ber",
"3": "ubah",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ber- + ubah",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "be",
"3": "rubah",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "be- + rubah",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "sa",
"3": "उभा",
"4": "",
"5": "to erect"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit उभा (ubhā, “to erect”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Rebracketing of forms like berubah (ber- + ubah) as (be- + rubah). Originally from Sanskrit उभा (ubhā, “to erect”). Probably inherited from Malay. Occurred in some Malay dialects.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubah",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"root"
]
},
{
"form": "merubah",
"tags": [
"active",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "berubah",
"tags": [
"active",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"10": "dirubah",
"11": "adversative passive",
"12": "terubah",
"2": "verb",
"3": "root imperative",
"4": "rubah",
"5": "active transitive",
"6": "merubah",
"7": "active intransitive",
"8": "berubah",
"9": "ordinary passive",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "rubah (root imperative rubah, active transitive merubah, active intransitive berubah, ordinary passive dirubah, adversative passive terubah)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧bah"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to change",
"word": "ubah"
}
],
"categories": [
"Indonesian nonstandard forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard spelling of ubah (“to change”)."
],
"links": [
[
"ubah",
"ubah#Indonesian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈru.bah]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:rubah"
],
"word": "rubah"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay 2-syllable words",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay rebracketings",
"Malay terms borrowed from Persian",
"Malay terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Malay terms derived from Persian",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Malay terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Malay terms with redundant script codes",
"Malay verbs",
"Malay verbs without transitivity",
"Rhymes:Malay/ah",
"Rhymes:Malay/ah/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/bah",
"Rhymes:Malay/bah/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/ubah",
"ms:Foxes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "rubah"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: rubah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: rubah"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "fa",
"3": "روباه",
"tr": "rubâh"
},
"expansion": "Persian روباه (rubâh)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "pal",
"3": "lwpʾh",
"4": "",
"5": "fox",
"tr": "rōbāh"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian lwpʾh (rōbāh, “fox”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*laupāća"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *laupāća",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂wl(o)p-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Persian روباه (rubâh), from Middle Persian lwpʾh (rōbāh, “fox”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *laupāća, diminutive of *laupi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p- ~ *h₂ulp- (“(red) fox”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "روبه",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "rubah-rubah",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubahku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"informal",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "rubahmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rubahnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "روبه"
},
"expansion": "rubah (Jawi spelling روبه, plural rubah-rubah, informal 1st possessive rubahku, 2nd possessive rubahmu, 3rd possessive rubahnya)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fox (Vulpes vulpes)"
],
"links": [
[
"fox",
"fox"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "musang"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rubah/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ubah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-bah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ah"
}
],
"word": "rubah"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay 2-syllable words",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay rebracketings",
"Malay terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Malay terms with redundant script codes",
"Malay verbs",
"Malay verbs without transitivity",
"Rhymes:Malay/ah",
"Rhymes:Malay/ah/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/bah",
"Rhymes:Malay/bah/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/ubah",
"ms:Foxes"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dirubah"
},
{
"word": "merubah"
},
{
"word": "perubahan"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms"
},
"expansion": "Rebracketing",
"name": "rebracketing"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ber",
"3": "ubah",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ber- + ubah",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "be",
"3": "rubah",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "be- + rubah",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "sa",
"3": "उभा",
"4": "",
"5": "to erect"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit उभा (ubhā, “to erect”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Rebracketing of berubah (ber- + ubah) as (be- + rubah ). Originally from Sanskrit उभा (ubhā, “to erect”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "روبه",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "روبه"
},
"expansion": "rubah (Jawi spelling روبه)",
"name": "ms-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with archaic senses",
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This book has changed my life.",
"text": "Buku ini telah merubah hidupku.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to change"
],
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) to change"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tukar"
},
{
"word": "ubah"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rubah/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ubah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-bah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ah"
}
],
"word": "rubah"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: ordinary passive dirubah",
"path": [
"rubah"
],
"section": "Indonesian",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "rubah",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: adversative passive terubah",
"path": [
"rubah"
],
"section": "Indonesian",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "rubah",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.