"rubah" meaning in Indonesian

See rubah in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈrubah/ [Standard-Indonesian], [ˈru.bah] [Standard-Indonesian] Forms: rubah-rubah [plural]
Rhymes: -ubah Etymology: From Malay rubah, from Persian روباه (rubâh), from Middle Persian lwpʾh (rōbāh, “fox”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *laupāća, diminutive of *laupi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p- ~ *h₂ulp- (“(red) fox”). Etymology templates: {{inh|id|ms|rubah}} Malay rubah, {{dercat|id|fa|pal|iir-pro|ine-pro}}, {{bor|ms|fa|روباه|tr=rubâh}} Persian روباه (rubâh), {{der|ms|pal|lwpʾh||fox|tr=rōbāh}} Middle Persian lwpʾh (rōbāh, “fox”), {{der|ms|iir-pro|*laupāća}} Proto-Indo-Iranian *laupāća, {{der|ms|ine-pro|*h₂wl(o)p-}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p- Head templates: {{id-noun}} rubah (plural rubah-rubah)
  1. fox (Vulpes vulpes)
    Sense id: en-rubah-id-noun-tFTwJoRW Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header, Indonesian rebracketings, Indonesian terms with redundant script codes, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 91 9 Disambiguation of Indonesian rebracketings: 93 7 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 43 6 45 5 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 46 4 47 3
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: /ˈrubah/ [Standard-Indonesian], [ˈru.bah] [Standard-Indonesian] Forms: merubah [active], dirubah [passive]
Rhymes: -ubah Etymology: Rebracketing of forms like berubah (ber- + ubah) as (be- + rubah). Probably inherited from Malay. Cognates with Old Javanese uwah and Javanese owah. Etymology templates: {{rebracketing|id}} Rebracketing, {{prefix|id|ber|ubah|nocat=1}} ber- + ubah, {{prefix|id|be|rubah|nocat=1}} be- + rubah Head templates: {{head|id|verb|active|merubah|passive|dirubah}} rubah (active merubah, passive dirubah)
  1. Nonstandard form of ubah (“to change”). Tags: alt-of, nonstandard Alternative form of: ubah (extra: to change)
    Sense id: en-rubah-id-verb-kigriAgt
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2
{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "rubah"
      },
      "expansion": "Malay rubah",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "fa",
        "3": "pal",
        "4": "iir-pro",
        "5": "ine-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "fa",
        "3": "روباه",
        "tr": "rubâh"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian روباه (rubâh)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "lwpʾh",
        "4": "",
        "5": "fox",
        "tr": "rōbāh"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian lwpʾh (rōbāh, “fox”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*laupāća"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *laupāća",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂wl(o)p-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Malay rubah, from Persian روباه (rubâh), from Middle Persian lwpʾh (rōbāh, “fox”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *laupāća, diminutive of *laupi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p- ~ *h₂ulp- (“(red) fox”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rubah-rubah",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "rubah (plural rubah-rubah)",
      "name": "id-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ru‧bah"
  ],
  "lang": "Indonesian",
  "lang_code": "id",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "91 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "93 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian rebracketings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 6 45 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 4 47 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "fox (Vulpes vulpes)"
      ],
      "id": "en-rubah-id-noun-tFTwJoRW",
      "links": [
        [
          "fox",
          "fox"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈrubah/",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈru.bah]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ubah"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "id:rubah"
  ],
  "word": "rubah"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id"
      },
      "expansion": "Rebracketing",
      "name": "rebracketing"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ber",
        "3": "ubah",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "ber- + ubah",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "be",
        "3": "rubah",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "be- + rubah",
      "name": "prefix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Rebracketing of forms like berubah (ber- + ubah) as (be- + rubah). Probably inherited from Malay. Cognates with Old Javanese uwah and Javanese owah.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "merubah",
      "tags": [
        "active"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dirubah",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "active",
        "4": "merubah",
        "5": "passive",
        "6": "dirubah"
      },
      "expansion": "rubah (active merubah, passive dirubah)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ru‧bah"
  ],
  "lang": "Indonesian",
  "lang_code": "id",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "to change",
          "word": "ubah"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Nonstandard form of ubah (“to change”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-rubah-id-verb-kigriAgt",
      "links": [
        [
          "ubah",
          "ubah#Indonesian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈrubah/",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈru.bah]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ubah"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "id:rubah"
  ],
  "word": "rubah"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Indonesian 2-syllable words",
    "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Indonesian lemmas",
    "Indonesian nouns",
    "Indonesian rebracketings",
    "Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
    "Indonesian terms derived from Middle Persian",
    "Indonesian terms derived from Persian",
    "Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
    "Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
    "Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
    "Indonesian verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/ubah",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/ubah/2 syllables",
    "ms:Foxes"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "rubah"
      },
      "expansion": "Malay rubah",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "fa",
        "3": "pal",
        "4": "iir-pro",
        "5": "ine-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "fa",
        "3": "روباه",
        "tr": "rubâh"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian روباه (rubâh)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "lwpʾh",
        "4": "",
        "5": "fox",
        "tr": "rōbāh"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian lwpʾh (rōbāh, “fox”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*laupāća"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *laupāća",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂wl(o)p-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Malay rubah, from Persian روباه (rubâh), from Middle Persian lwpʾh (rōbāh, “fox”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *laupāća, diminutive of *laupi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p- ~ *h₂ulp- (“(red) fox”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rubah-rubah",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "rubah (plural rubah-rubah)",
      "name": "id-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ru‧bah"
  ],
  "lang": "Indonesian",
  "lang_code": "id",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "fox (Vulpes vulpes)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fox",
          "fox"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈrubah/",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈru.bah]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ubah"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "id:rubah"
  ],
  "word": "rubah"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Indonesian 2-syllable words",
    "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Indonesian lemmas",
    "Indonesian rebracketings",
    "Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Indonesian verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/ubah",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/ubah/2 syllables",
    "ms:Foxes"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id"
      },
      "expansion": "Rebracketing",
      "name": "rebracketing"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ber",
        "3": "ubah",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "ber- + ubah",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "be",
        "3": "rubah",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "be- + rubah",
      "name": "prefix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Rebracketing of forms like berubah (ber- + ubah) as (be- + rubah). Probably inherited from Malay. Cognates with Old Javanese uwah and Javanese owah.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "merubah",
      "tags": [
        "active"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dirubah",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "active",
        "4": "merubah",
        "5": "passive",
        "6": "dirubah"
      },
      "expansion": "rubah (active merubah, passive dirubah)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ru‧bah"
  ],
  "lang": "Indonesian",
  "lang_code": "id",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "to change",
          "word": "ubah"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Indonesian nonstandard forms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Nonstandard form of ubah (“to change”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ubah",
          "ubah#Indonesian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈrubah/",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈru.bah]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ubah"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "id:rubah"
  ],
  "word": "rubah"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Indonesian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (8c1bb29 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.