See rubah in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "rubah" }, "expansion": "Indonesian: rubah", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Indonesian: rubah" } ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ms", "2": "fa", "3": "روباه", "tr": "rubâh" }, "expansion": "Persian روباه (rubâh)", "name": "bor" }, { "args": { "1": "ms", "2": "pal", "3": "lwpʾh", "4": "", "5": "fox", "tr": "rōbāh" }, "expansion": "Middle Persian lwpʾh (rōbāh, “fox”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "ms", "2": "iir-pro", "3": "*laupāća" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *laupāća", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "ms", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂wl(o)p-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p-", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Persian روباه (rubâh), from Middle Persian lwpʾh (rōbāh, “fox”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *laupāća, diminutive of *laupi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p- ~ *h₂ulp- (“(red) fox”).", "forms": [ { "form": "روبه", "tags": [ "Jawi" ] }, { "form": "rubah-rubah", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "j": "روبه" }, "expansion": "rubah (Jawi spelling روبه, plural rubah-rubah)", "name": "ms-noun" } ], "lang": "Malay", "lang_code": "ms", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "43 6 45 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "46 4 47 3", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "94 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "100 0", "kind": "other", "name": "Malay rebracketings", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "92 8", "kind": "lifeform", "langcode": "ms", "name": "Foxes", "orig": "ms:Foxes", "parents": [ "Canids", "Carnivores", "Mammals", "Vertebrates", "Chordates", "Animals", "Lifeforms", "All topics", "Life", "Fundamental", "Nature" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "fox (Vulpes vulpes)" ], "id": "en-rubah-ms-noun-tFTwJoRW", "links": [ [ "fox", "fox" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "musang" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/rubah/" }, { "rhymes": "-ubah" }, { "rhymes": "-bah" }, { "rhymes": "-ah" } ], "word": "rubah" } { "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ms" }, "expansion": "Rebracketing", "name": "rebracketing" }, { "args": { "1": "ms", "2": "ber", "3": "ubah", "nocat": "1" }, "expansion": "ber- + ubah", "name": "prefix" }, { "args": { "1": "ms", "2": "be", "3": "rubah", "nocat": "1" }, "expansion": "be- + rubah", "name": "prefix" } ], "etymology_text": "Rebracketing of berubah (ber- + ubah) as (be- + rubah ). Cognates with Old Javanese uwah and Javanese owah.", "forms": [ { "form": "روبه", "tags": [ "Jawi" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "j": "روبه" }, "expansion": "rubah (Jawi spelling روبه)", "name": "ms-verb" } ], "lang": "Malay", "lang_code": "ms", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [], "derived": [ { "word": "dirubah" }, { "word": "merubah" }, { "word": "perubahan" } ], "examples": [ { "bold_english_offsets": [ [ 14, 21 ] ], "bold_text_offsets": [ [ 15, 22 ] ], "english": "This book has changed my life.", "text": "Buku ini telah merubah hidupku.", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "to change" ], "id": "en-rubah-ms-verb-WB4OyXXt", "links": [ [ "change", "change" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(archaic) to change" ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "tukar" }, { "word": "ubah" } ], "tags": [ "archaic" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/rubah/" }, { "rhymes": "-ubah" }, { "rhymes": "-bah" }, { "rhymes": "-ah" } ], "word": "rubah" }
{ "categories": [ "Malay entries with incorrect language header", "Malay lemmas", "Malay nouns", "Malay rebracketings", "Malay terms borrowed from Persian", "Malay terms derived from Middle Persian", "Malay terms derived from Persian", "Malay terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Malay terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian", "Malay verbs", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:Malay/ah", "Rhymes:Malay/ah/2 syllables", "Rhymes:Malay/bah", "Rhymes:Malay/bah/2 syllables", "Rhymes:Malay/ubah", "ms:Foxes" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "rubah" }, "expansion": "Indonesian: rubah", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Indonesian: rubah" } ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ms", "2": "fa", "3": "روباه", "tr": "rubâh" }, "expansion": "Persian روباه (rubâh)", "name": "bor" }, { "args": { "1": "ms", "2": "pal", "3": "lwpʾh", "4": "", "5": "fox", "tr": "rōbāh" }, "expansion": "Middle Persian lwpʾh (rōbāh, “fox”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "ms", "2": "iir-pro", "3": "*laupāća" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *laupāća", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "ms", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂wl(o)p-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p-", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Persian روباه (rubâh), from Middle Persian lwpʾh (rōbāh, “fox”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *laupāća, diminutive of *laupi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p- ~ *h₂ulp- (“(red) fox”).", "forms": [ { "form": "روبه", "tags": [ "Jawi" ] }, { "form": "rubah-rubah", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "j": "روبه" }, "expansion": "rubah (Jawi spelling روبه, plural rubah-rubah)", "name": "ms-noun" } ], "lang": "Malay", "lang_code": "ms", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "fox (Vulpes vulpes)" ], "links": [ [ "fox", "fox" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "musang" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/rubah/" }, { "rhymes": "-ubah" }, { "rhymes": "-bah" }, { "rhymes": "-ah" } ], "word": "rubah" } { "categories": [ "Malay entries with incorrect language header", "Malay lemmas", "Malay rebracketings", "Malay verbs", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:Malay/ah", "Rhymes:Malay/ah/2 syllables", "Rhymes:Malay/bah", "Rhymes:Malay/bah/2 syllables", "Rhymes:Malay/ubah", "ms:Foxes" ], "derived": [ { "word": "dirubah" }, { "word": "merubah" }, { "word": "perubahan" } ], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ms" }, "expansion": "Rebracketing", "name": "rebracketing" }, { "args": { "1": "ms", "2": "ber", "3": "ubah", "nocat": "1" }, "expansion": "ber- + ubah", "name": "prefix" }, { "args": { "1": "ms", "2": "be", "3": "rubah", "nocat": "1" }, "expansion": "be- + rubah", "name": "prefix" } ], "etymology_text": "Rebracketing of berubah (ber- + ubah) as (be- + rubah ). Cognates with Old Javanese uwah and Javanese owah.", "forms": [ { "form": "روبه", "tags": [ "Jawi" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "j": "روبه" }, "expansion": "rubah (Jawi spelling روبه)", "name": "ms-verb" } ], "lang": "Malay", "lang_code": "ms", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Malay terms with archaic senses", "Malay terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "bold_english_offsets": [ [ 14, 21 ] ], "bold_text_offsets": [ [ 15, 22 ] ], "english": "This book has changed my life.", "text": "Buku ini telah merubah hidupku.", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "to change" ], "links": [ [ "change", "change" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(archaic) to change" ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "tukar" }, { "word": "ubah" } ], "tags": [ "archaic" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/rubah/" }, { "rhymes": "-ubah" }, { "rhymes": "-bah" }, { "rhymes": "-ah" } ], "word": "rubah" }
Download raw JSONL data for rubah meaning in Malay (3.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Malay dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (aeaf2a1 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.