See rotan on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ms",
"3": "rotan",
"t": "cane"
},
"expansion": "Malay rotan (“cane”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rattan",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of rattan",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Malay rotan (“cane”), doublet of rattan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rotans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rotan (plural rotans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malaysian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Singapore English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English nouns with unattested plurals",
"parents": [
"Nouns with unattested plurals",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 23 24 4 14 3 3 2 1 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1949 November 5, The Straits Times, page 5 [newspaper]:",
"text": "Two boys, aged 14 and 11, were each sentenced to three strokes of the light rotan at Kluang for stealing duck eggs from Loh Wee Seng.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1975 November 25, The Straits Times, page 6 [newspaper]:",
"text": "Zaimi Bin Rassak, 20, was yesterday jailed for two years with two strokes of the rotan after he was found guilty of trafficking in 32 rolls of cannabis in Queens Crescent on June 24 at 1 a.m.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008 February 9, The Straits Times, page 39 [newspaper]:",
"text": "Khushwant Singh, 38-year-old on the run for five years, put behind bars for six years and two months; gets six strokes of the rotan.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A long rattan cane used for corporal punishment."
],
"id": "en-rotan-en-noun-SJ53~AKf",
"links": [
[
"rattan",
"rattan"
],
[
"corporal punishment",
"corporal punishment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Singapore, Malaysia) A long rattan cane used for corporal punishment."
],
"tags": [
"Malaysia",
"Singapore"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹotɑn/",
"tags": [
"Singapore"
]
}
],
"word": "rotan"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "рота́н",
"t": "Amur sleeper"
},
"expansion": "Russian рота́н (rotán, “Amur sleeper”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian рота́н (rotán, “Amur sleeper”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "!"
},
"expansion": "rotan (plural not attested)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Gobies",
"orig": "en:Gobies",
"parents": [
"Fish",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English nouns with unattested plurals",
"parents": [
"Nouns with unattested plurals",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 29 17 5 11 4 4 3 1 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 23 24 4 14 3 3 2 1 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1998, Dianne Louise Draper, Our Environment: A Canadian Perspective, 1st edition, Toronto: ITP Nelson, →ISBN, page 5b:",
"text": "A single individual requires as much as 30 kg of other fish (including its own species) to gain 1 kg of weight. The resilience of the rotan, which requires 20 times less oxygen than other species, is best illustrated by its ability to revive a day after being left in open air. In one such instance, the first individual to rebound in a group ate up the others, according to Itar-Tass news agency.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Volodymyr I. Lushchak, Tetyana V. Bagnyukova, “Hypoxia induces oxidative stress in tissues of a goby, the rotan Perccottus glenii”, in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, volume 148, number 4, →DOI, pages 390–397:",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Amur sleeper (Perccottus glenii)"
],
"id": "en-rotan-en-noun-Gykwd3Dw",
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) Amur sleeper (Perccottus glenii)"
],
"tags": [
"no-plural",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"word": "rotan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "rottang"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: rottang",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: rottang"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "rotin",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "from the form rotting"
},
"expansion": "→ French: rotin (from the form rotting)\n→ Portuguese: rotim",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ French: rotin (from the form rotting)\n→ Portuguese: rotim"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rotting",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "from the form rotting"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: rotting (from the form rotting)\n→ Finnish: rottinki",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: rotting (from the form rotting)\n→ Finnish: rottinki"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ms",
"3": "rotan"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Malay rotan",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Malay rotan. The forms rottang and its alteration rotting predate the current standard form rotan in Dutch, rottang being first attested as early as 1603.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rotans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rotannetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "rottang",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rotting",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-s",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "rotan m (plural rotans, diminutive rotannetje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Natural materials",
"orig": "nl:Natural materials",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rattan"
],
"id": "en-rotan-nl-noun-FsB1aaFw",
"links": [
[
"rattan",
"rattan"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rotting"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "nl-rotan.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/Nl-rotan.ogg/Nl-rotan.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Nl-rotan.ogg"
}
],
"word": "rotan"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "rotan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rotta"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive/accusative singular of rotta"
],
"id": "en-rotan-fi-noun-~AQoxIfm",
"links": [
[
"rotta",
"rotta#Finnish"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "rotan"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "berotan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "merotan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "perotan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rotan dahan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rotan irit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rotan jernang"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rotan jernang besar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rotan kubu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rotan layar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rotan lilin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rotan manau"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rotan manis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rotan mentah"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rotan saga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rotan telingkung daun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rotan tikus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rotan udang"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "raut",
"3": "-an"
},
"expansion": "raut + -an",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "rotan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay rotan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "rotan",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Malay rotan",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Affixed raut + -an, inherited from Malay rotan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rotan-rotan",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rotan (plural rotan-rotan)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ro‧tan"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 23 24 4 14 3 3 2 1 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms suffixed with -an",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "id",
"name": "Natural materials",
"orig": "id:Natural materials",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "id",
"name": "Palm trees",
"orig": "id:Palm trees",
"parents": [
"Commelinids",
"Trees",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rattan (Any of several species of climbing palm of the genus Calamus.)"
],
"id": "en-rotan-id-noun-BREgJ0ab",
"links": [
[
"rattan",
"rattan"
],
[
"palm",
"palm"
],
[
"Calamus",
"Calamus"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "id",
"name": "Natural materials",
"orig": "id:Natural materials",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"whipped by a rattan"
],
"id": "en-rotan-id-noun-90mHasvg"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈro.tan/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-tan"
}
],
"word": "rotan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "rotan"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: rotan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: rotan"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rotan",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: rotan, rottang, rotting\nAfrikaans: rottang\n→ French: rotin (from the form rotting)\n→ Portuguese: rotim\n→ Swedish: rotting (from the form rotting)\n→ Finnish: rottinki",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: rotan, rottang, rotting\nAfrikaans: rottang\n→ French: rotin (from the form rotting)\n→ Portuguese: rotim\n→ Swedish: rotting (from the form rotting)\n→ Finnish: rottinki"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rattan",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: rattan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: rattan"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rotan",
"bor": "1",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "→ English: rotan (noun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: rotan (noun)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "raut",
"3": "an"
},
"expansion": "raut + -an",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "rautan",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of rautan",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From raut + -an, from raut (“to trim, pare down”), doublet of rautan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "روتن",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "rotan-rotan",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "روتن"
},
"expansion": "rotan (Jawi spelling روتن, plural rotan-rotan)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 23 24 4 14 3 3 2 1 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 14 11 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 16 17 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay terms suffixed with -an",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rattan (any of several species of climbing palm of the genus Calamus)"
],
"id": "en-rotan-ms-noun-35R7f2bt",
"links": [
[
"rattan",
"rattan"
],
[
"palm",
"palm#English"
],
[
"Calamus",
"Calamus#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rattan (a cane made from rattan)"
],
"id": "en-rotan-ms-noun-1uTKfNgs",
"links": [
[
"rattan",
"rattan"
],
[
"cane",
"cane#English"
],
[
"rattan",
"rattan#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) rattan (a cane made from rattan)"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrotan/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈro.t̪an]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʁo.t̪an]",
"note": "Cocos"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈo.t̪an]",
"note": "Cocos"
},
{
"rhymes": "-an"
}
],
"word": "rotan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rotan",
"bor": "1",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "→ English: rotan (verb)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: rotan (verb)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "raut",
"3": "an"
},
"expansion": "raut + -an",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "rautan",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of rautan",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From raut + -an, from raut (“to trim, pare down”), doublet of rautan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "روتن",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "روتن"
},
"expansion": "rotan (Jawi spelling روتن)",
"name": "ms-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to cane with a rattan"
],
"id": "en-rotan-ms-verb-OW55rbPB",
"links": [
[
"cane",
"cane"
],
[
"rattan",
"rattan"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to cane"
],
"id": "en-rotan-ms-verb-ulmCjURp",
"links": [
[
"cane",
"cane"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) to cane"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrotan/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈro.t̪an]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʁo.t̪an]",
"note": "Cocos"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈo.t̪an]",
"note": "Cocos"
},
{
"rhymes": "-an"
}
],
"word": "rotan"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "rōtan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "adjective form",
"head": "rōtan"
},
"expansion": "rōtan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rōt"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rōt:",
"weak accusative masculine/feminine singular"
],
"id": "en-rotan-ang-adj-O5AxKM~I",
"links": [
[
"rōt",
"rot#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 40 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rōt"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rōt:",
"weak genitive/dative/instrumental masculine/feminine/neuter singular"
],
"id": "en-rotan-ang-adj-tJiFQYUc",
"links": [
[
"rōt",
"rot#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rōt"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rōt:",
"weak nominative/accusative masculine/feminine/neuter plural"
],
"id": "en-rotan-ang-adj-hkiygMWd",
"links": [
[
"rōt",
"rot#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈroː.tɑn/"
}
],
"word": "rotan"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rotan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rotar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person plural present indicative of rotar"
],
"id": "en-rotan-es-verb-wDcAeuhl",
"links": [
[
"rotar",
"rotar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "rotan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "rottang"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: rottang",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: rottang"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "rotin",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "from the form rotting"
},
"expansion": "→ French: rotin (from the form rotting)\n→ Portuguese: rotim",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ French: rotin (from the form rotting)\n→ Portuguese: rotim"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rotting",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "from the form rotting"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: rotting (from the form rotting)\n→ Finnish: rottinki",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: rotting (from the form rotting)\n→ Finnish: rottinki"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ms",
"3": "rotan"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Malay rotan",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Malay rotan. The forms rottang and its alteration rotting predate the current standard form rotan in Dutch, rottang being first attested as early as 1603.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rotans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rotannetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "rottang",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rotting",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-s",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "rotan m (plural rotans, diminutive rotannetje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -s",
"Dutch terms borrowed from Malay",
"Dutch terms derived from Malay",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"nl:Natural materials"
],
"glosses": [
"rattan"
],
"links": [
[
"rattan",
"rattan"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rotting"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "nl-rotan.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/Nl-rotan.ogg/Nl-rotan.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Nl-rotan.ogg"
}
],
"word": "rotan"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with unattested plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Malay",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Malay",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ms",
"3": "rotan",
"t": "cane"
},
"expansion": "Malay rotan (“cane”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rattan",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of rattan",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Malay rotan (“cane”), doublet of rattan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rotans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rotan (plural rotans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Malaysian English",
"Singapore English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1949 November 5, The Straits Times, page 5 [newspaper]:",
"text": "Two boys, aged 14 and 11, were each sentenced to three strokes of the light rotan at Kluang for stealing duck eggs from Loh Wee Seng.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1975 November 25, The Straits Times, page 6 [newspaper]:",
"text": "Zaimi Bin Rassak, 20, was yesterday jailed for two years with two strokes of the rotan after he was found guilty of trafficking in 32 rolls of cannabis in Queens Crescent on June 24 at 1 a.m.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008 February 9, The Straits Times, page 39 [newspaper]:",
"text": "Khushwant Singh, 38-year-old on the run for five years, put behind bars for six years and two months; gets six strokes of the rotan.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A long rattan cane used for corporal punishment."
],
"links": [
[
"rattan",
"rattan"
],
[
"corporal punishment",
"corporal punishment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Singapore, Malaysia) A long rattan cane used for corporal punishment."
],
"tags": [
"Malaysia",
"Singapore"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹotɑn/",
"tags": [
"Singapore"
]
}
],
"word": "rotan"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with unattested plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "рота́н",
"t": "Amur sleeper"
},
"expansion": "Russian рота́н (rotán, “Amur sleeper”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian рота́н (rotán, “Amur sleeper”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "!"
},
"expansion": "rotan (plural not attested)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncommon terms",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"en:Gobies"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1998, Dianne Louise Draper, Our Environment: A Canadian Perspective, 1st edition, Toronto: ITP Nelson, →ISBN, page 5b:",
"text": "A single individual requires as much as 30 kg of other fish (including its own species) to gain 1 kg of weight. The resilience of the rotan, which requires 20 times less oxygen than other species, is best illustrated by its ability to revive a day after being left in open air. In one such instance, the first individual to rebound in a group ate up the others, according to Itar-Tass news agency.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Volodymyr I. Lushchak, Tetyana V. Bagnyukova, “Hypoxia induces oxidative stress in tissues of a goby, the rotan Perccottus glenii”, in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, volume 148, number 4, →DOI, pages 390–397:",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Amur sleeper (Perccottus glenii)"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) Amur sleeper (Perccottus glenii)"
],
"tags": [
"no-plural",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"word": "rotan"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "rotan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish non-lemma forms",
"Finnish noun forms",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rotta"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive/accusative singular of rotta"
],
"links": [
[
"rotta",
"rotta#Finnish"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "rotan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms suffixed with -an",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/tan",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/tan/2 syllables",
"id:Natural materials",
"id:Palm trees"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "berotan"
},
{
"word": "merotan"
},
{
"word": "perotan"
},
{
"word": "rotan dahan"
},
{
"word": "rotan irit"
},
{
"word": "rotan jernang"
},
{
"word": "rotan jernang besar"
},
{
"word": "rotan kubu"
},
{
"word": "rotan layar"
},
{
"word": "rotan lilin"
},
{
"word": "rotan manau"
},
{
"word": "rotan manis"
},
{
"word": "rotan mentah"
},
{
"word": "rotan saga"
},
{
"word": "rotan telingkung daun"
},
{
"word": "rotan tikus"
},
{
"word": "rotan udang"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "raut",
"3": "-an"
},
"expansion": "raut + -an",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "rotan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay rotan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "rotan",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Malay rotan",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Affixed raut + -an, inherited from Malay rotan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rotan-rotan",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rotan (plural rotan-rotan)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ro‧tan"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rattan (Any of several species of climbing palm of the genus Calamus.)"
],
"links": [
[
"rattan",
"rattan"
],
[
"palm",
"palm"
],
[
"Calamus",
"Calamus"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"whipped by a rattan"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈro.tan/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-tan"
}
],
"word": "rotan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay 2-syllable words",
"Malay doublets",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay terms suffixed with -an",
"Malay terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Malay verbs",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Malay/an",
"Rhymes:Malay/an/2 syllables"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "rotan"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: rotan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: rotan"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rotan",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: rotan, rottang, rotting\nAfrikaans: rottang\n→ French: rotin (from the form rotting)\n→ Portuguese: rotim\n→ Swedish: rotting (from the form rotting)\n→ Finnish: rottinki",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: rotan, rottang, rotting\nAfrikaans: rottang\n→ French: rotin (from the form rotting)\n→ Portuguese: rotim\n→ Swedish: rotting (from the form rotting)\n→ Finnish: rottinki"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rattan",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: rattan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: rattan"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rotan",
"bor": "1",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "→ English: rotan (noun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: rotan (noun)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "raut",
"3": "an"
},
"expansion": "raut + -an",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "rautan",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of rautan",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From raut + -an, from raut (“to trim, pare down”), doublet of rautan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "روتن",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "rotan-rotan",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "روتن"
},
"expansion": "rotan (Jawi spelling روتن, plural rotan-rotan)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rattan (any of several species of climbing palm of the genus Calamus)"
],
"links": [
[
"rattan",
"rattan"
],
[
"palm",
"palm#English"
],
[
"Calamus",
"Calamus#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rattan (a cane made from rattan)"
],
"links": [
[
"rattan",
"rattan"
],
[
"cane",
"cane#English"
],
[
"rattan",
"rattan#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) rattan (a cane made from rattan)"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrotan/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈro.t̪an]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʁo.t̪an]",
"note": "Cocos"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈo.t̪an]",
"note": "Cocos"
},
{
"rhymes": "-an"
}
],
"word": "rotan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay 2-syllable words",
"Malay doublets",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay terms suffixed with -an",
"Malay terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Malay verbs",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Malay/an",
"Rhymes:Malay/an/2 syllables"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rotan",
"bor": "1",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "→ English: rotan (verb)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: rotan (verb)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "raut",
"3": "an"
},
"expansion": "raut + -an",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "rautan",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of rautan",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From raut + -an, from raut (“to trim, pare down”), doublet of rautan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "روتن",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "روتن"
},
"expansion": "rotan (Jawi spelling روتن)",
"name": "ms-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to cane with a rattan"
],
"links": [
[
"cane",
"cane"
],
[
"rattan",
"rattan"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to cane"
],
"links": [
[
"cane",
"cane"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) to cane"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrotan/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈro.t̪an]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʁo.t̪an]",
"note": "Cocos"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈo.t̪an]",
"note": "Cocos"
},
{
"rhymes": "-an"
}
],
"word": "rotan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English adjective forms",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "rōtan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "adjective form",
"head": "rōtan"
},
"expansion": "rōtan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rōt"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rōt:",
"weak accusative masculine/feminine singular"
],
"links": [
[
"rōt",
"rot#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rōt"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rōt:",
"weak genitive/dative/instrumental masculine/feminine/neuter singular"
],
"links": [
[
"rōt",
"rot#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rōt"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rōt:",
"weak nominative/accusative masculine/feminine/neuter plural"
],
"links": [
[
"rōt",
"rot#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈroː.tɑn/"
}
],
"word": "rotan"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rotan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rotar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person plural present indicative of rotar"
],
"links": [
[
"rotar",
"rotar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "rotan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rotan meaning in All languages combined (14.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (51d164f and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.