"ribald" meaning in All languages combined

See ribald on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

IPA: /ˈɹɪb.əld/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈɹaɪ.bɔld/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈɹɪb.əld/ [General-American], /ˈɹaɪ.bɔld/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ribald.wav [Southern-England] Forms: more ribald [comparative], most ribald [superlative]
Etymology: From Middle English ribald, from Old French ribaud, ribauld (“rogue, scoundrel”) ( > English ribaud), from Old French riber (“to be licentious”), from Frankish *rīban (“to copulate, be in heat”, literally “to rub”), from Proto-Germanic *wrībaną (“to turn, twist, writhe”), from Proto-Indo-European *werp-, *werb- (“to turn, twist”) + Old French -aud, from Frankish *-wald. Related to Old High German rīban (“to rub”), German reiben (“to rub”), Dutch wrijven (“to rub”). Compare also Old High German hrība (“prostitute”). See also English wrap. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|ribald}} Middle English ribald, {{der|en|fro|ribaud}} Old French ribaud, {{m|fro|ribauld|t=rogue, scoundrel}} ribauld (“rogue, scoundrel”), {{cog|en|ribaud}} English ribaud, {{der|en|fro|riber|t=to be licentious}} Old French riber (“to be licentious”), {{der|en|frk|*rīban|lit=to rub|t=to copulate, be in heat}} Frankish *rīban (“to copulate, be in heat”, literally “to rub”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*wrībaną|t=to turn, twist, writhe}} Proto-Germanic *wrībaną (“to turn, twist, writhe”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*werp-}} Proto-Indo-European *werp-, {{m|ine-pro|*werb-|t=to turn, twist}} *werb- (“to turn, twist”), {{der|en|fro|-aud}} Old French -aud, {{der|en|frk|*-wald}} Frankish *-wald, {{cog|goh|rīban|t=to rub}} Old High German rīban (“to rub”), {{cog|de|reiben|t=to rub}} German reiben (“to rub”), {{cog|nl|wrijven|t=to rub}} Dutch wrijven (“to rub”), {{cog|goh|hrība|t=prostitute}} Old High German hrība (“prostitute”), {{cog|en|wrap}} English wrap Head templates: {{en-adj}} ribald (comparative more ribald, superlative most ribald)
  1. Coarsely, vulgarly, or lewdly amusing; referring to sexual matters in a rude or irreverent way. Translations (coarse, lewd, vulgar): βωμολόχος (bōmolókhos) (Ancient Greek), εὐτράπελος (eutrápelos) (Ancient Greek), կոպիտ (kopit) (Armenian), գռեհիկ (gṙehik) (Armenian), անվայել (anvayel) (Armenian), ədəbsiz (Azerbaijani), неприличен (nepriličen) (Bulgarian), нецензурен (necenzuren) (Bulgarian), grof (Dutch), vulgair (Dutch), rõve (Estonian), ruokoton (Finnish), grossier (French), vulgaire (French), grivois (French), paillard (French), frivol (english: more neutral) (German), zotig (note: more negative) (German), anstößig (German), άσεμνα (ásemna) (Greek), szemérmetlen (Hungarian), storžieviškas (Lithuanian), sprośny [masculine] (Polish), nieprzyzwoity [masculine] (Polish), obsceniczny [masculine] (Polish), zbereźny [masculine] (Polish), ribaldo (Portuguese), непристойный (nepristojnyj) (Russian), поха́бный (poxábnyj) (Russian), скаредан [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), вулгаран [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), skaredan [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), vulgaran [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), obsceno (Spanish), vulgar (Spanish), พูดสามหาว (phūt sāmhāw) (Thai), yüzsüz (Turkish), utanmaz (Turkish), müstehcen (Turkish), ağzı bozuk (Turkish), terbiyesiz (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-ribald-en-adj-rSgaFHtb Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 59 41
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: ribauld [rare]

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈɹɪb.əld/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈɹaɪ.bɔld/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈɹɪb.əld/ [General-American], /ˈɹaɪ.bɔld/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ribald.wav [Southern-England] Forms: ribalds [plural]
Etymology: From Middle English ribald, from Old French ribaud, ribauld (“rogue, scoundrel”) ( > English ribaud), from Old French riber (“to be licentious”), from Frankish *rīban (“to copulate, be in heat”, literally “to rub”), from Proto-Germanic *wrībaną (“to turn, twist, writhe”), from Proto-Indo-European *werp-, *werb- (“to turn, twist”) + Old French -aud, from Frankish *-wald. Related to Old High German rīban (“to rub”), German reiben (“to rub”), Dutch wrijven (“to rub”). Compare also Old High German hrība (“prostitute”). See also English wrap. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|ribald}} Middle English ribald, {{der|en|fro|ribaud}} Old French ribaud, {{m|fro|ribauld|t=rogue, scoundrel}} ribauld (“rogue, scoundrel”), {{cog|en|ribaud}} English ribaud, {{der|en|fro|riber|t=to be licentious}} Old French riber (“to be licentious”), {{der|en|frk|*rīban|lit=to rub|t=to copulate, be in heat}} Frankish *rīban (“to copulate, be in heat”, literally “to rub”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*wrībaną|t=to turn, twist, writhe}} Proto-Germanic *wrībaną (“to turn, twist, writhe”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*werp-}} Proto-Indo-European *werp-, {{m|ine-pro|*werb-|t=to turn, twist}} *werb- (“to turn, twist”), {{der|en|fro|-aud}} Old French -aud, {{der|en|frk|*-wald}} Frankish *-wald, {{cog|goh|rīban|t=to rub}} Old High German rīban (“to rub”), {{cog|de|reiben|t=to rub}} German reiben (“to rub”), {{cog|nl|wrijven|t=to rub}} Dutch wrijven (“to rub”), {{cog|goh|hrība|t=prostitute}} Old High German hrība (“prostitute”), {{cog|en|wrap}} English wrap Head templates: {{en-noun}} ribald (plural ribalds)
  1. A person who is filthy or vulgar in nature. Related terms: ribaldry Translations (individual who is filthy or vulgar): զազրախոս (zazraxos) (Armenian), հայհոյախոս (hayhoyaxos) (Armenian), циник (cinik) [masculine] (Bulgarian), lomperik (Dutch), viezerik (Dutch), balourd (French), lourdaud (French), dégoûtant (French), sagouin (French), ribbaldi [masculine] (Old Norse), sprośnik [masculine] (Polish), bezwstydnik [masculine] (Polish), bezwstydnica [feminine] (Polish), ribaldo [masculine] (Portuguese), скверносло́в (skvernoslóv) [masculine] (Russian), хулник [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), hulnik [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), vulgar (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-ribald-en-noun-tQ0ZICdL
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: ribauld [rare]

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for ribald meaning in All languages combined (15.8kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ribald"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ribald",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "ribaud"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French ribaud",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "ribauld",
        "t": "rogue, scoundrel"
      },
      "expansion": "ribauld (“rogue, scoundrel”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ribaud"
      },
      "expansion": "English ribaud",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "riber",
        "t": "to be licentious"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French riber (“to be licentious”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*rīban",
        "lit": "to rub",
        "t": "to copulate, be in heat"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *rīban (“to copulate, be in heat”, literally “to rub”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*wrībaną",
        "t": "to turn, twist, writhe"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrībaną (“to turn, twist, writhe”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*werp-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werp-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*werb-",
        "t": "to turn, twist"
      },
      "expansion": "*werb- (“to turn, twist”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-aud"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -aud",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*-wald"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *-wald",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "rīban",
        "t": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German rīban (“to rub”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "reiben",
        "t": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "German reiben (“to rub”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "wrijven",
        "t": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch wrijven (“to rub”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "hrība",
        "t": "prostitute"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German hrība (“prostitute”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "wrap"
      },
      "expansion": "English wrap",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English ribald, from Old French ribaud, ribauld (“rogue, scoundrel”) ( > English ribaud), from Old French riber (“to be licentious”), from Frankish *rīban (“to copulate, be in heat”, literally “to rub”), from Proto-Germanic *wrībaną (“to turn, twist, writhe”), from Proto-Indo-European *werp-, *werb- (“to turn, twist”) + Old French -aud, from Frankish *-wald.\nRelated to Old High German rīban (“to rub”), German reiben (“to rub”), Dutch wrijven (“to rub”). Compare also Old High German hrība (“prostitute”). See also English wrap.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more ribald",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most ribald",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ribald (comparative more ribald, superlative most ribald)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "59 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1693, Thomas Urquhart and Peter Anthony Motteux (Trans.), François Rabelais' Gargantua an Pantagruel, The Third Book, Chapter XXVII",
          "text": "[L]et no zealous Christian trust the rogue,—the filthy ribald rascal is a liar."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1875 May 15, anonymous author, “Mr. Carl Schurz and the Democratic Party”, in Harper's Weekly",
          "text": "But when he died the \"Reform Democracy\" instinctively returned to its vomit of ribald insult.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1888, Ambrose Pierce, \"A Fruitless Assignment\", Can Such Things Be? (Pub. 1893)",
          "text": "[T]he curious crowd had collected in the street […] , with here and there a scoffer uttering his incredulity and courage with scornful remarks or ribald cries."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1997, Chuck Eddy, The Accidental Evolution of Rock 'n' roll: A Misguided Tour Through Popular Music, page 22",
          "text": "Anyway up against Reba McEntire, '60s-rock-bred big city escapee K.T. Oslin comes off both more ribald (\"Younger Men\") and prouder of the bras and bridges she used to burn (\"'8s Ladies\") in her best country hits.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016 February 23, Robbie Collin, “Grimsby review: ' Sacha Baron Cohen's vital, venomous action movie'”, in The Daily Telegraph (London)",
          "text": "Baron Cohen turns his attentions back towards England, satirising the Establishment’s contempt for what Nobby himself proudly calls “scum” with ribald and corrosive glee.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Coarsely, vulgarly, or lewdly amusing; referring to sexual matters in a rude or irreverent way."
      ],
      "id": "en-ribald-en-adj-rSgaFHtb",
      "links": [
        [
          "Coarsely",
          "coarsely"
        ],
        [
          "vulgarly",
          "vulgarly"
        ],
        [
          "lewdly",
          "lewdly"
        ],
        [
          "rude",
          "rude"
        ],
        [
          "irreverent",
          "irreverent"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "kopit",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "կոպիտ"
        },
        {
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "gṙehik",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "գռեհիկ"
        },
        {
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "anvayel",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "անվայել"
        },
        {
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "ədəbsiz"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "nepriličen",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "неприличен"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "necenzuren",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "нецензурен"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "grof"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "vulgair"
        },
        {
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "rõve"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "ruokoton"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "grossier"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "vulgaire"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "grivois"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "paillard"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "english": "more neutral",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "frivol"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "note": "more negative",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "zotig"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "anstößig"
        },
        {
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "ásemna",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "άσεμνα"
        },
        {
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "bōmolókhos",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "βωμολόχος"
        },
        {
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "eutrápelos",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "εὐτράπελος"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "szemérmetlen"
        },
        {
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "storžieviškas"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sprośny"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "nieprzyzwoity"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "obsceniczny"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "zbereźny"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "ribaldo"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "nepristojnyj",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "непристойный"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "poxábnyj",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "поха́бный"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "скаредан"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "вулгаран"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "skaredan"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vulgaran"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "obsceno"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "vulgar"
        },
        {
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "phūt sāmhāw",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "พูดสามหาว"
        },
        {
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "yüzsüz"
        },
        {
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "utanmaz"
        },
        {
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "müstehcen"
        },
        {
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "ağzı bozuk"
        },
        {
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
          "word": "terbiyesiz"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹɪb.əld/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹaɪ.bɔld/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹɪb.əld/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹaɪ.bɔld/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ribald.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ribald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ribald.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ribald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ribald.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "ribauld"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ribald"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ribald"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ribald",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "ribaud"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French ribaud",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "ribauld",
        "t": "rogue, scoundrel"
      },
      "expansion": "ribauld (“rogue, scoundrel”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ribaud"
      },
      "expansion": "English ribaud",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "riber",
        "t": "to be licentious"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French riber (“to be licentious”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*rīban",
        "lit": "to rub",
        "t": "to copulate, be in heat"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *rīban (“to copulate, be in heat”, literally “to rub”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*wrībaną",
        "t": "to turn, twist, writhe"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrībaną (“to turn, twist, writhe”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*werp-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werp-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*werb-",
        "t": "to turn, twist"
      },
      "expansion": "*werb- (“to turn, twist”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-aud"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -aud",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*-wald"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *-wald",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "rīban",
        "t": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German rīban (“to rub”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "reiben",
        "t": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "German reiben (“to rub”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "wrijven",
        "t": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch wrijven (“to rub”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "hrība",
        "t": "prostitute"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German hrība (“prostitute”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "wrap"
      },
      "expansion": "English wrap",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English ribald, from Old French ribaud, ribauld (“rogue, scoundrel”) ( > English ribaud), from Old French riber (“to be licentious”), from Frankish *rīban (“to copulate, be in heat”, literally “to rub”), from Proto-Germanic *wrībaną (“to turn, twist, writhe”), from Proto-Indo-European *werp-, *werb- (“to turn, twist”) + Old French -aud, from Frankish *-wald.\nRelated to Old High German rīban (“to rub”), German reiben (“to rub”), Dutch wrijven (“to rub”). Compare also Old High German hrība (“prostitute”). See also English wrap.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ribalds",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ribald (plural ribalds)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1483 [1900 edition], William Caxton (Trans.), Jacobus de Voragine, \"Life of S. Paul the first Hermit\", The Golden Legend",
          "text": "After, he made an harlot, a ribald, come to him alone for to touch his members and his body, to move to lechery."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person who is filthy or vulgar in nature."
      ],
      "id": "en-ribald-en-noun-tQ0ZICdL",
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "ribaldry"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "zazraxos",
          "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
          "word": "զազրախոս"
        },
        {
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "hayhoyaxos",
          "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
          "word": "հայհոյախոս"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "cinik",
          "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "циник"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
          "word": "lomperik"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
          "word": "viezerik"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
          "word": "balourd"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
          "word": "lourdaud"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
          "word": "dégoûtant"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
          "word": "sagouin"
        },
        {
          "code": "non",
          "lang": "Old Norse",
          "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ribbaldi"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sprośnik"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bezwstydnik"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "bezwstydnica"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ribaldo"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "skvernoslóv",
          "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "скверносло́в"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "хулник"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "hulnik"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
          "word": "vulgar"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹɪb.əld/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹaɪ.bɔld/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹɪb.əld/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹaɪ.bɔld/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ribald.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ribald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ribald.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ribald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ribald.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "ribauld"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ribald"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Frankish",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ribald"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ribald",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "ribaud"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French ribaud",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "ribauld",
        "t": "rogue, scoundrel"
      },
      "expansion": "ribauld (“rogue, scoundrel”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ribaud"
      },
      "expansion": "English ribaud",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "riber",
        "t": "to be licentious"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French riber (“to be licentious”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*rīban",
        "lit": "to rub",
        "t": "to copulate, be in heat"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *rīban (“to copulate, be in heat”, literally “to rub”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*wrībaną",
        "t": "to turn, twist, writhe"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrībaną (“to turn, twist, writhe”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*werp-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werp-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*werb-",
        "t": "to turn, twist"
      },
      "expansion": "*werb- (“to turn, twist”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-aud"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -aud",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*-wald"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *-wald",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "rīban",
        "t": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German rīban (“to rub”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "reiben",
        "t": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "German reiben (“to rub”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "wrijven",
        "t": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch wrijven (“to rub”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "hrība",
        "t": "prostitute"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German hrība (“prostitute”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "wrap"
      },
      "expansion": "English wrap",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English ribald, from Old French ribaud, ribauld (“rogue, scoundrel”) ( > English ribaud), from Old French riber (“to be licentious”), from Frankish *rīban (“to copulate, be in heat”, literally “to rub”), from Proto-Germanic *wrībaną (“to turn, twist, writhe”), from Proto-Indo-European *werp-, *werb- (“to turn, twist”) + Old French -aud, from Frankish *-wald.\nRelated to Old High German rīban (“to rub”), German reiben (“to rub”), Dutch wrijven (“to rub”). Compare also Old High German hrība (“prostitute”). See also English wrap.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more ribald",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most ribald",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ribald (comparative more ribald, superlative most ribald)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1693, Thomas Urquhart and Peter Anthony Motteux (Trans.), François Rabelais' Gargantua an Pantagruel, The Third Book, Chapter XXVII",
          "text": "[L]et no zealous Christian trust the rogue,—the filthy ribald rascal is a liar."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1875 May 15, anonymous author, “Mr. Carl Schurz and the Democratic Party”, in Harper's Weekly",
          "text": "But when he died the \"Reform Democracy\" instinctively returned to its vomit of ribald insult.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1888, Ambrose Pierce, \"A Fruitless Assignment\", Can Such Things Be? (Pub. 1893)",
          "text": "[T]he curious crowd had collected in the street […] , with here and there a scoffer uttering his incredulity and courage with scornful remarks or ribald cries."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1997, Chuck Eddy, The Accidental Evolution of Rock 'n' roll: A Misguided Tour Through Popular Music, page 22",
          "text": "Anyway up against Reba McEntire, '60s-rock-bred big city escapee K.T. Oslin comes off both more ribald (\"Younger Men\") and prouder of the bras and bridges she used to burn (\"'8s Ladies\") in her best country hits.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016 February 23, Robbie Collin, “Grimsby review: ' Sacha Baron Cohen's vital, venomous action movie'”, in The Daily Telegraph (London)",
          "text": "Baron Cohen turns his attentions back towards England, satirising the Establishment’s contempt for what Nobby himself proudly calls “scum” with ribald and corrosive glee.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Coarsely, vulgarly, or lewdly amusing; referring to sexual matters in a rude or irreverent way."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Coarsely",
          "coarsely"
        ],
        [
          "vulgarly",
          "vulgarly"
        ],
        [
          "lewdly",
          "lewdly"
        ],
        [
          "rude",
          "rude"
        ],
        [
          "irreverent",
          "irreverent"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹɪb.əld/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹaɪ.bɔld/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹɪb.əld/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹaɪ.bɔld/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ribald.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ribald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ribald.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ribald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ribald.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "ribauld"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "kopit",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "կոպիտ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "gṙehik",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "գռեհիկ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "anvayel",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "անվայել"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "ədəbsiz"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "nepriličen",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "неприличен"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "necenzuren",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "нецензурен"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "grof"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "vulgair"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "rõve"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "ruokoton"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "grossier"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "vulgaire"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "grivois"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "paillard"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "english": "more neutral",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "frivol"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "note": "more negative",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "zotig"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "anstößig"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "ásemna",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "άσεμνα"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "bōmolókhos",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "βωμολόχος"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "eutrápelos",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "εὐτράπελος"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "szemérmetlen"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "storžieviškas"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sprośny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "nieprzyzwoity"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "obsceniczny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "zbereźny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "ribaldo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "nepristojnyj",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "непристойный"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "poxábnyj",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "поха́бный"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "скаредан"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "вулгаран"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "skaredan"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vulgaran"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "obsceno"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "vulgar"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "phūt sāmhāw",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "พูดสามหาว"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "yüzsüz"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "utanmaz"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "müstehcen"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "ağzı bozuk"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "coarse, lewd, vulgar",
      "word": "terbiyesiz"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ribald"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Frankish",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ribald"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ribald",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "ribaud"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French ribaud",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "ribauld",
        "t": "rogue, scoundrel"
      },
      "expansion": "ribauld (“rogue, scoundrel”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ribaud"
      },
      "expansion": "English ribaud",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "riber",
        "t": "to be licentious"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French riber (“to be licentious”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*rīban",
        "lit": "to rub",
        "t": "to copulate, be in heat"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *rīban (“to copulate, be in heat”, literally “to rub”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*wrībaną",
        "t": "to turn, twist, writhe"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrībaną (“to turn, twist, writhe”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*werp-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werp-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*werb-",
        "t": "to turn, twist"
      },
      "expansion": "*werb- (“to turn, twist”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-aud"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -aud",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*-wald"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *-wald",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "rīban",
        "t": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German rīban (“to rub”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "reiben",
        "t": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "German reiben (“to rub”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "wrijven",
        "t": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch wrijven (“to rub”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "hrība",
        "t": "prostitute"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German hrība (“prostitute”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "wrap"
      },
      "expansion": "English wrap",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English ribald, from Old French ribaud, ribauld (“rogue, scoundrel”) ( > English ribaud), from Old French riber (“to be licentious”), from Frankish *rīban (“to copulate, be in heat”, literally “to rub”), from Proto-Germanic *wrībaną (“to turn, twist, writhe”), from Proto-Indo-European *werp-, *werb- (“to turn, twist”) + Old French -aud, from Frankish *-wald.\nRelated to Old High German rīban (“to rub”), German reiben (“to rub”), Dutch wrijven (“to rub”). Compare also Old High German hrība (“prostitute”). See also English wrap.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ribalds",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ribald (plural ribalds)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "ribaldry"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1483 [1900 edition], William Caxton (Trans.), Jacobus de Voragine, \"Life of S. Paul the first Hermit\", The Golden Legend",
          "text": "After, he made an harlot, a ribald, come to him alone for to touch his members and his body, to move to lechery."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person who is filthy or vulgar in nature."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹɪb.əld/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹaɪ.bɔld/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹɪb.əld/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹaɪ.bɔld/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ribald.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ribald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ribald.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ribald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ribald.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "ribauld"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "zazraxos",
      "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
      "word": "զազրախոս"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "hayhoyaxos",
      "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
      "word": "հայհոյախոս"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "cinik",
      "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "циник"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
      "word": "lomperik"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
      "word": "viezerik"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
      "word": "balourd"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
      "word": "lourdaud"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
      "word": "dégoûtant"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
      "word": "sagouin"
    },
    {
      "code": "non",
      "lang": "Old Norse",
      "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ribbaldi"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sprośnik"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bezwstydnik"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "bezwstydnica"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ribaldo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "skvernoslóv",
      "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "скверносло́в"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "хулник"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hulnik"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "individual who is filthy or vulgar",
      "word": "vulgar"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ribald"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.