See retrench on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for retrench meaning in All languages combined (18.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "retrencher"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "retrenching"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "retrenchment"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "retranchier",
"4": "",
"5": "to get rid of, remove"
},
"expansion": "Old French retranchier (“to get rid of, remove”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "retrancher",
"3": "",
"4": "to cut out, take away; to cut off; to cut down"
},
"expansion": "French retrancher (“to cut out, take away; to cut off; to cut down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "re-",
"3": "",
"4": "suffix meaning ‘again’"
},
"expansion": "re- (“suffix meaning ‘again’”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "tranchier"
},
"expansion": "tranchier",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "trenchier",
"3": "",
"4": "to cut"
},
"expansion": "trenchier (“to cut”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "trancher",
"3": "",
"4": "to slice"
},
"expansion": "French trancher (“to slice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*trinicāre",
"4": "",
"5": "cut in three parts"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *trinicāre (“cut in three parts”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "trini"
},
"expansion": "trini",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "trēs",
"3": "",
"4": "three"
},
"expansion": "trēs (“three”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "duplicāre",
"3": "",
"4": "to double by dividing, split in two, tear"
},
"expansion": "duplicāre (“to double by dividing, split in two, tear”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "truncāre",
"4": "",
"5": "to maim by cutting off pieces; to truncate"
},
"expansion": "Latin truncāre (“to maim by cutting off pieces; to truncate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*trincare",
"4": "",
"5": "to cut (the head)"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *trincare (“to cut (the head)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trench"
},
"expansion": "English trench",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French retranchier (“to get rid of, remove”) (modern French retrancher (“to cut out, take away; to cut off; to cut down”)), from re- (“suffix meaning ‘again’”) + tranchier, trenchier (“to cut”) (modern French trancher (“to slice”)); further etymology uncertain, but possibly either from Vulgar Latin *trinicāre (“cut in three parts”) (from the root trini from trēs (“three”), based on the model of duplicāre (“to double by dividing, split in two, tear”)), or from an alteration of Latin truncāre (“to maim by cutting off pieces; to truncate”), also possibly influenced by Gaulish *trincare (“to cut (the head)”). Compare English trench.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "retrenches",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "retrenching",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "retrenched",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "retrenched",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "retrench (third-person singular simple present retrenches, present participle retrenching, simple past and past participle retrenched)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"re‧trench"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 19 8 8 7 23 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with re-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1645, James Howell, “England’s Tears, for the Present Wars, which for the Nature of the Quarrel, the Quality of the Strength, the Diversity of Battels, Skirmishes, Encounters, and Sieges, (Happened in so Short a Compasse of Time) Cannot be Parallel’d in Any Precedent Age”, in ΔΕΝΔΡΟΛΟΓΊΑ [DENDROLOGIA]: Dodona’s Grove, or The Vocall Forrest. The Third Edition More Exact and Perfect than the Former; with the Addition of Two Other Tracts: viz. Englands Tears for the Present Wars. And The Pre-eminence of Parlements, 3rd edition, Cambridge: Printed by R. D. for Humphrey Moseley, and are to be sold at his shop at the Prince's Arms in S. Pauls Church-yard, →OCLC, page 189",
"text": "O conſider my caſe, moſt blisfull Queen, […] Diſpell thoſe Clouds which hover 'twixt my King and his higheſt Counſell, […] that my great Law-making Court be forced to turn no more to polemicall Committees, […] but that they may come again to the old Parliamentary Rode, To the path of their Predeceſſours, to conſult of means how to ſweep away thoſe Cobwebs that hang in the Courts of Juſtice, and to make the Laws run in their right Channell; to retrench exceſſive fees, and finde remedies for the future, that the poor Client be not ſo peeled by his Lawyer, and made to ſuffer by ſuch monſtrous delays, that one may go from one Tropick to the other, and croſſe the Equinoctiall twenty times, before his ſute be done; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1711 March 16, Joseph Addison, Richard Steele, editors, The Spectator, volume I, number 16, London: Printed for S[amuel] Buckley, at the Dolphin in Little-Britain; and J[acob] Tonson, at Shakespear's-Head over-against Catherine-street in the Strand, →OCLC, page 89",
"text": "Foppiſh and fantaſtick Ornaments are only Indications of Vice, not criminal in themſelves. Extinguiſh Vanity in the Mind, and you naturally retrench the little Superfluities of Garniture and Equipage. The Bloſſoms will fall of themſelves, when the Root that nouriſhes them is deſtroyed.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1725 July 10, Jonathan Swift, “To Dr. [Thomas] Sheridan [letter]”, in Thomas Sheridan, John Nichols, editors, The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, D.D., Dean of St. Patrick’s, Dublin. […] in Nineteen Volumes; […], new edition, volume XII, London: Printed for J[oseph] Johnson [et al.], published 1801, →OCLC, page 147",
"text": "I must desire that you will not think of enlarging your expenses, no not for some years to come, much less at present; but rather retrench them. You might have lain destitute till Antichrist came, for any thing you could have got from those you used to treat; neither let me hear of one rag of better clothes for your wife or brats, but rather plainer than ever.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 October 4, Sir Michael Holden, “Comment: High noon for Sunak”, in RAIL, number 993, page 3",
"text": "And it would signal to a wider world that Britain is retrenching and not developing its infrastructure to enable growth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cut down or reduce."
],
"id": "en-retrench-en-verb-LVandPxI",
"links": [
[
"cut down",
"cut down"
],
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cut down or reduce."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 11 4 5 3 15 28 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 19 8 8 7 23 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with re-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2017 July, P. K. Padhi, “The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947”, in Labour and Industrial Laws, 3rd edition, New Delhi: Asoke K. Ghosh, PHI Learning, page 238",
"text": "This section prescribes that an employer shall ordinarily retrench the workman who was the last person to be employed in that category, unless for reasons to be recorded in writing, the employer retrenches any other workman.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cut down or reduce.",
"To terminate the employment of a worker to reduce the size of a workforce; to make redundant."
],
"id": "en-retrench-en-verb-992DvmjM",
"links": [
[
"cut down",
"cut down"
],
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"terminate",
"terminate"
],
[
"employment",
"employment"
],
[
"worker",
"worker"
],
[
"size",
"size#Noun"
],
[
"workforce",
"workforce"
],
[
"redundant",
"redundant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cut down or reduce.",
"(transitive, specifically) To terminate the employment of a worker to reduce the size of a workforce; to make redundant."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fire"
},
{
"word": "let go"
},
{
"word": "sack"
},
{
"word": "lay off"
}
],
"tags": [
"specifically",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1860, Isaac Taylor, “Essay VII. ‘Without Controversy.’”, in Logic in Theology and Other Essays. … With a Sketch of the Life of the Author and a Catalogue of His Writings, New York, N.Y.: William Gowans, →OCLC, section VI, pages 271–272",
"text": "They say of God—That He spreadeth forth the heavens as a tent to dwell in; and that as a garment, some time hence, He shall roll them together. These figures, ought they then to receive a retrenched interpretation? Ought they to be denuded of their oriental garb? Not so, […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To confine; to limit; to restrict."
],
"id": "en-retrench-en-verb-Ojn-8Cow",
"links": [
[
"confine",
"confine#Verb"
],
[
"limit",
"limit#Verb"
],
[
"restrict",
"restrict"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To confine; to limit; to restrict."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to retrench bastions",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1712, H[enry] Curzon, “Of Fortification”, in The Universal Library: Or, Compleat Summary of Science. Containing above Sixty Select Treatises. In Two Volumes. …, volume II, London: Printed for George Sawbridge, at the Three Flower-de-Lys in Little Britain, →OCLC, page 243",
"text": "The Half-Moon is a Work always raiſed before the Baſtion's Point, being ſo named from the Lowneſs of its Gorges Cavity, &c. and is to ſecure the Two Faces of the Baſtion; but when the Faces have but a weak Defence from the Ravelin, theſe Works are ſoon made uſeleſs or ruined, and give the Beſieged an opportunity of Lodgment, and may ſerve for Batteries and Flanks againſt the oppoſing Baſtions; however they may be retrenched by Traverſes, yet they will not fail to attack entirely in the Face, or where you have your laſt Retrenchment, alſo that called the Counterguard runs the like Hazard.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1747, John Muller [i.e., John Müller], “Part II. Of the Defence.”, in The Attack and Defence of Fortify’d Places. In Three Parts. …, London: Printed for J. Millan, near Charing-Cross, →OCLC, page 186",
"text": "[I]f there is one Retrenchment in a Work, it is generally thought ſufficient; but it happens much oftener than there is none at all; ſo that one might be apt to think, a Defence like that we have been explaining is only chimerical, if the Sieges of Vienna and Candy, both by the Turks, were not inſtances of the contrary, where there was hardly an inch of Ground either within or without thoſe two Towns, as far as the Extremities of the Glacis, and even beyond them, but what was retrenched and countermined.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1876, E[ugène] Viollet-le-Duc, “The Seventh Siege”, in Benjamin Bucknall, transl., Annals of a Fortress, Boston, Mass.: James R[ipley] Osgood and Company, late Ticknor & Fields, and Fields, Osgood, & Co., →OCLC, page 335",
"text": "Captain Allaud did not doubt that the principal attack would be directed towards the left bastion; he had the gorge of this bastion therefore retrenched during the night.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To furnish with a retrenchment (a defensive work within a fortification)."
],
"id": "en-retrench-en-verb-XPPRH5HL",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"furnish",
"furnish"
],
[
"retrenchment",
"retrenchment"
],
[
"defensive",
"defensive"
],
[
"work",
"work#Noun"
],
[
"fortification",
"fortification"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, military) To furnish with a retrenchment (a defensive work within a fortification)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Colin Dueck, “The Domestic Politics of the Obama Doctrine”, in The Obama Doctrine: American Grand Strategy Today, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 109",
"text": "Under the Obama doctrine, the United States accommodates and retrenches internationally in large part so the president can focus on leaving behind liberal domestic policy legacies. This entails targeted counterterrorist strikes and assertive foreign policy adjustments when necessary, but for the most part represents a shift from guns to butter, a downscaling of military weight and presence, and an avoidance of any heavy US footprint overseas—a strategy pursued both on its merits in [Barack] Obama's view and in orderto avert domestic political risk.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To abridge; to curtail."
],
"id": "en-retrench-en-verb-mueAD~kA",
"links": [
[
"abridge",
"abridge"
],
[
"curtail",
"curtail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To abridge; to curtail."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 11 4 5 3 15 28 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 19 8 8 7 23 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with re-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We must retrench and try to hold on long enough for products in development to reach the market or we will be out of business.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1981 August 22, Cindy Patton, “Warm Heart, Cool Politics”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 6, page 11",
"text": "Whether we choose to live there or just retreat for a rest, the closet is a stronghold of gay life. Someday we'll force hets to deal with us out in the world, but for now, I guess it's better to retrench in the closet than never to come out at all.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Ziauddin Sardar, “Preface”, in Orientalism (Concepts in the Social Sciences), Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, Philadelphia, Pa.: Open University Press, page vii",
"text": "After retrenching itself in scholarship and literary imagination, Orientalism has moved on to conquer film, television and CD-ROMs. Nowadays, the subject of Orientalism is not limited to what is conventionally seen as the 'Orient' but also includes Europe, the home of its origins, itself.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012 February 11, “Private equity: Keep calm and carry on: Why London will remain a hub for buy-out firms”, in The Economist, archived from the original on 2017-07-13",
"text": "Some smaller private-equity firms in continental Europe are struggling even more than British outfits, weakening the competition. International firms could decide it is not cost-effective to keep open their other European offices and retrench to London.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017 July 16, Brandon Nowalk, “Chickens and Dragons Come Home to Roost on Game of Thrones (Newbies)”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2017-12-04",
"text": "It's an episode of characters returning to their own pasts as different people. They can retrench like Cersei, back on her bullshit, I mean, warpath. Or they can adapt, like The Hound. Neither way necessarily ensures success, but we know the archmaester isn't unequivocally right. We’ve seen dragons reborn and armies of the undead. I wouldn’t be so sure that Wall will stand forever.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take up a new defensive position."
],
"id": "en-retrench-en-verb-kvn-bN31",
"links": [
[
"take up",
"take up"
],
[
"defensive",
"defensive"
],
[
"position",
"position#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To take up a new defensive position."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 11 4 5 3 15 28 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 19 8 8 7 23 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with re-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To live less expensively; to economize."
],
"id": "en-retrench-en-verb-uo8GkB5Z",
"links": [
[
"economize",
"economize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To live less expensively; to economize."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪˈtɹɛn(t)ʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹəˈtɹɛnt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛntʃ"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-retrench.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/En-au-retrench.ogg/En-au-retrench.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/En-au-retrench.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "retrench"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "re",
"3": "trench"
},
"expansion": "re- + trench",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "re- + trench.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "retrenches",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "retrenching",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "retrenched",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "retrenched",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "retrench (third-person singular simple present retrenches, present participle retrenching, simple past and past participle retrenched)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 11 4 5 3 15 28 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 19 8 8 7 23 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with re-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Jake Jacobson, “Getting White Fish for Winter Dog Food”, in Alaska Hunting: Earthworms to Elephants, Anchorage, Ak.: Publication Consultants",
"text": "The [fishing] technique was to clear the channel downstream from the lagoon for about twenty to forty yards, but not all the way to the salt water. A small \"bridge\" was left at the lower end of the lagoon. When holding pits had been dug near the end of the re-trenched channel and everyone was ready, the \"bridge\" was dug out and the outrush of water brought hundreds of fish along with it.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dig or redig a trench where one already exists."
],
"id": "en-retrench-en-verb-~Xp0rA93",
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig#Verb"
],
[
"redig",
"redig"
],
[
"trench",
"trench#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To dig or redig a trench where one already exists."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "retrench"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Gaulish",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms prefixed with re-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛntʃ",
"Rhymes:English/ɛntʃ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "retrencher"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "retrenching"
},
{
"word": "retrenchment"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "retranchier",
"4": "",
"5": "to get rid of, remove"
},
"expansion": "Old French retranchier (“to get rid of, remove”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "retrancher",
"3": "",
"4": "to cut out, take away; to cut off; to cut down"
},
"expansion": "French retrancher (“to cut out, take away; to cut off; to cut down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "re-",
"3": "",
"4": "suffix meaning ‘again’"
},
"expansion": "re- (“suffix meaning ‘again’”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "tranchier"
},
"expansion": "tranchier",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "trenchier",
"3": "",
"4": "to cut"
},
"expansion": "trenchier (“to cut”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "trancher",
"3": "",
"4": "to slice"
},
"expansion": "French trancher (“to slice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*trinicāre",
"4": "",
"5": "cut in three parts"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *trinicāre (“cut in three parts”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "trini"
},
"expansion": "trini",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "trēs",
"3": "",
"4": "three"
},
"expansion": "trēs (“three”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "duplicāre",
"3": "",
"4": "to double by dividing, split in two, tear"
},
"expansion": "duplicāre (“to double by dividing, split in two, tear”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "truncāre",
"4": "",
"5": "to maim by cutting off pieces; to truncate"
},
"expansion": "Latin truncāre (“to maim by cutting off pieces; to truncate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*trincare",
"4": "",
"5": "to cut (the head)"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *trincare (“to cut (the head)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trench"
},
"expansion": "English trench",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French retranchier (“to get rid of, remove”) (modern French retrancher (“to cut out, take away; to cut off; to cut down”)), from re- (“suffix meaning ‘again’”) + tranchier, trenchier (“to cut”) (modern French trancher (“to slice”)); further etymology uncertain, but possibly either from Vulgar Latin *trinicāre (“cut in three parts”) (from the root trini from trēs (“three”), based on the model of duplicāre (“to double by dividing, split in two, tear”)), or from an alteration of Latin truncāre (“to maim by cutting off pieces; to truncate”), also possibly influenced by Gaulish *trincare (“to cut (the head)”). Compare English trench.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "retrenches",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "retrenching",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "retrenched",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "retrenched",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "retrench (third-person singular simple present retrenches, present participle retrenching, simple past and past participle retrenched)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"re‧trench"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1645, James Howell, “England’s Tears, for the Present Wars, which for the Nature of the Quarrel, the Quality of the Strength, the Diversity of Battels, Skirmishes, Encounters, and Sieges, (Happened in so Short a Compasse of Time) Cannot be Parallel’d in Any Precedent Age”, in ΔΕΝΔΡΟΛΟΓΊΑ [DENDROLOGIA]: Dodona’s Grove, or The Vocall Forrest. The Third Edition More Exact and Perfect than the Former; with the Addition of Two Other Tracts: viz. Englands Tears for the Present Wars. And The Pre-eminence of Parlements, 3rd edition, Cambridge: Printed by R. D. for Humphrey Moseley, and are to be sold at his shop at the Prince's Arms in S. Pauls Church-yard, →OCLC, page 189",
"text": "O conſider my caſe, moſt blisfull Queen, […] Diſpell thoſe Clouds which hover 'twixt my King and his higheſt Counſell, […] that my great Law-making Court be forced to turn no more to polemicall Committees, […] but that they may come again to the old Parliamentary Rode, To the path of their Predeceſſours, to conſult of means how to ſweep away thoſe Cobwebs that hang in the Courts of Juſtice, and to make the Laws run in their right Channell; to retrench exceſſive fees, and finde remedies for the future, that the poor Client be not ſo peeled by his Lawyer, and made to ſuffer by ſuch monſtrous delays, that one may go from one Tropick to the other, and croſſe the Equinoctiall twenty times, before his ſute be done; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1711 March 16, Joseph Addison, Richard Steele, editors, The Spectator, volume I, number 16, London: Printed for S[amuel] Buckley, at the Dolphin in Little-Britain; and J[acob] Tonson, at Shakespear's-Head over-against Catherine-street in the Strand, →OCLC, page 89",
"text": "Foppiſh and fantaſtick Ornaments are only Indications of Vice, not criminal in themſelves. Extinguiſh Vanity in the Mind, and you naturally retrench the little Superfluities of Garniture and Equipage. The Bloſſoms will fall of themſelves, when the Root that nouriſhes them is deſtroyed.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1725 July 10, Jonathan Swift, “To Dr. [Thomas] Sheridan [letter]”, in Thomas Sheridan, John Nichols, editors, The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, D.D., Dean of St. Patrick’s, Dublin. […] in Nineteen Volumes; […], new edition, volume XII, London: Printed for J[oseph] Johnson [et al.], published 1801, →OCLC, page 147",
"text": "I must desire that you will not think of enlarging your expenses, no not for some years to come, much less at present; but rather retrench them. You might have lain destitute till Antichrist came, for any thing you could have got from those you used to treat; neither let me hear of one rag of better clothes for your wife or brats, but rather plainer than ever.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 October 4, Sir Michael Holden, “Comment: High noon for Sunak”, in RAIL, number 993, page 3",
"text": "And it would signal to a wider world that Britain is retrenching and not developing its infrastructure to enable growth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cut down or reduce."
],
"links": [
[
"cut down",
"cut down"
],
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cut down or reduce."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2017 July, P. K. Padhi, “The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947”, in Labour and Industrial Laws, 3rd edition, New Delhi: Asoke K. Ghosh, PHI Learning, page 238",
"text": "This section prescribes that an employer shall ordinarily retrench the workman who was the last person to be employed in that category, unless for reasons to be recorded in writing, the employer retrenches any other workman.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cut down or reduce.",
"To terminate the employment of a worker to reduce the size of a workforce; to make redundant."
],
"links": [
[
"cut down",
"cut down"
],
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"terminate",
"terminate"
],
[
"employment",
"employment"
],
[
"worker",
"worker"
],
[
"size",
"size#Noun"
],
[
"workforce",
"workforce"
],
[
"redundant",
"redundant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cut down or reduce.",
"(transitive, specifically) To terminate the employment of a worker to reduce the size of a workforce; to make redundant."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fire"
},
{
"word": "let go"
},
{
"word": "sack"
},
{
"word": "lay off"
}
],
"tags": [
"specifically",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1860, Isaac Taylor, “Essay VII. ‘Without Controversy.’”, in Logic in Theology and Other Essays. … With a Sketch of the Life of the Author and a Catalogue of His Writings, New York, N.Y.: William Gowans, →OCLC, section VI, pages 271–272",
"text": "They say of God—That He spreadeth forth the heavens as a tent to dwell in; and that as a garment, some time hence, He shall roll them together. These figures, ought they then to receive a retrenched interpretation? Ought they to be denuded of their oriental garb? Not so, […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To confine; to limit; to restrict."
],
"links": [
[
"confine",
"confine#Verb"
],
[
"limit",
"limit#Verb"
],
[
"restrict",
"restrict"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To confine; to limit; to restrict."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Military"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to retrench bastions",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1712, H[enry] Curzon, “Of Fortification”, in The Universal Library: Or, Compleat Summary of Science. Containing above Sixty Select Treatises. In Two Volumes. …, volume II, London: Printed for George Sawbridge, at the Three Flower-de-Lys in Little Britain, →OCLC, page 243",
"text": "The Half-Moon is a Work always raiſed before the Baſtion's Point, being ſo named from the Lowneſs of its Gorges Cavity, &c. and is to ſecure the Two Faces of the Baſtion; but when the Faces have but a weak Defence from the Ravelin, theſe Works are ſoon made uſeleſs or ruined, and give the Beſieged an opportunity of Lodgment, and may ſerve for Batteries and Flanks againſt the oppoſing Baſtions; however they may be retrenched by Traverſes, yet they will not fail to attack entirely in the Face, or where you have your laſt Retrenchment, alſo that called the Counterguard runs the like Hazard.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1747, John Muller [i.e., John Müller], “Part II. Of the Defence.”, in The Attack and Defence of Fortify’d Places. In Three Parts. …, London: Printed for J. Millan, near Charing-Cross, →OCLC, page 186",
"text": "[I]f there is one Retrenchment in a Work, it is generally thought ſufficient; but it happens much oftener than there is none at all; ſo that one might be apt to think, a Defence like that we have been explaining is only chimerical, if the Sieges of Vienna and Candy, both by the Turks, were not inſtances of the contrary, where there was hardly an inch of Ground either within or without thoſe two Towns, as far as the Extremities of the Glacis, and even beyond them, but what was retrenched and countermined.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1876, E[ugène] Viollet-le-Duc, “The Seventh Siege”, in Benjamin Bucknall, transl., Annals of a Fortress, Boston, Mass.: James R[ipley] Osgood and Company, late Ticknor & Fields, and Fields, Osgood, & Co., →OCLC, page 335",
"text": "Captain Allaud did not doubt that the principal attack would be directed towards the left bastion; he had the gorge of this bastion therefore retrenched during the night.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To furnish with a retrenchment (a defensive work within a fortification)."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"furnish",
"furnish"
],
[
"retrenchment",
"retrenchment"
],
[
"defensive",
"defensive"
],
[
"work",
"work#Noun"
],
[
"fortification",
"fortification"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, military) To furnish with a retrenchment (a defensive work within a fortification)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Colin Dueck, “The Domestic Politics of the Obama Doctrine”, in The Obama Doctrine: American Grand Strategy Today, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 109",
"text": "Under the Obama doctrine, the United States accommodates and retrenches internationally in large part so the president can focus on leaving behind liberal domestic policy legacies. This entails targeted counterterrorist strikes and assertive foreign policy adjustments when necessary, but for the most part represents a shift from guns to butter, a downscaling of military weight and presence, and an avoidance of any heavy US footprint overseas—a strategy pursued both on its merits in [Barack] Obama's view and in orderto avert domestic political risk.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To abridge; to curtail."
],
"links": [
[
"abridge",
"abridge"
],
[
"curtail",
"curtail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To abridge; to curtail."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We must retrench and try to hold on long enough for products in development to reach the market or we will be out of business.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1981 August 22, Cindy Patton, “Warm Heart, Cool Politics”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 6, page 11",
"text": "Whether we choose to live there or just retreat for a rest, the closet is a stronghold of gay life. Someday we'll force hets to deal with us out in the world, but for now, I guess it's better to retrench in the closet than never to come out at all.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Ziauddin Sardar, “Preface”, in Orientalism (Concepts in the Social Sciences), Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, Philadelphia, Pa.: Open University Press, page vii",
"text": "After retrenching itself in scholarship and literary imagination, Orientalism has moved on to conquer film, television and CD-ROMs. Nowadays, the subject of Orientalism is not limited to what is conventionally seen as the 'Orient' but also includes Europe, the home of its origins, itself.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012 February 11, “Private equity: Keep calm and carry on: Why London will remain a hub for buy-out firms”, in The Economist, archived from the original on 2017-07-13",
"text": "Some smaller private-equity firms in continental Europe are struggling even more than British outfits, weakening the competition. International firms could decide it is not cost-effective to keep open their other European offices and retrench to London.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017 July 16, Brandon Nowalk, “Chickens and Dragons Come Home to Roost on Game of Thrones (Newbies)”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2017-12-04",
"text": "It's an episode of characters returning to their own pasts as different people. They can retrench like Cersei, back on her bullshit, I mean, warpath. Or they can adapt, like The Hound. Neither way necessarily ensures success, but we know the archmaester isn't unequivocally right. We’ve seen dragons reborn and armies of the undead. I wouldn’t be so sure that Wall will stand forever.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take up a new defensive position."
],
"links": [
[
"take up",
"take up"
],
[
"defensive",
"defensive"
],
[
"position",
"position#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To take up a new defensive position."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To live less expensively; to economize."
],
"links": [
[
"economize",
"economize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To live less expensively; to economize."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪˈtɹɛn(t)ʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹəˈtɹɛnt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛntʃ"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-retrench.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/En-au-retrench.ogg/En-au-retrench.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/En-au-retrench.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "retrench"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms prefixed with re-",
"English verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "re",
"3": "trench"
},
"expansion": "re- + trench",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "re- + trench.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "retrenches",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "retrenching",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "retrenched",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "retrenched",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "retrench (third-person singular simple present retrenches, present participle retrenching, simple past and past participle retrenched)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Jake Jacobson, “Getting White Fish for Winter Dog Food”, in Alaska Hunting: Earthworms to Elephants, Anchorage, Ak.: Publication Consultants",
"text": "The [fishing] technique was to clear the channel downstream from the lagoon for about twenty to forty yards, but not all the way to the salt water. A small \"bridge\" was left at the lower end of the lagoon. When holding pits had been dug near the end of the re-trenched channel and everyone was ready, the \"bridge\" was dug out and the outrush of water brought hundreds of fish along with it.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dig or redig a trench where one already exists."
],
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig#Verb"
],
[
"redig",
"redig"
],
[
"trench",
"trench#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To dig or redig a trench where one already exists."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "retrench"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.