See raff on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for raff meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "raff merchant"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "raf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English raf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "raffer"
},
"expansion": "Old French raffer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "raffen"
},
"expansion": "German raffen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rap",
"3": "",
"4": "to snatch"
},
"expansion": "rap (“to snatch”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "riffraff"
},
"expansion": "riffraff",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rip",
"3": "",
"4": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "rip (“to tear”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English raf, from Old French raffer, of Germanic origin; compare German raffen, akin to rap (“to snatch”). Compare riffraff, rip (“to tear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "raffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "raff (countable and uncountable, plural raffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1680, Isaac Barrow, A Discourse Concerning The Unity Of The Church",
"text": "A raff of errors.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A promiscuous heap; a jumble; a large quantity; lumber; refuse."
],
"id": "en-raff-en-noun-0qLcT0pO",
"links": [
[
"promiscuous",
"promiscuous"
],
[
"heap",
"heap"
],
[
"jumble",
"jumble"
],
[
"lumber",
"lumber"
],
[
"refuse",
"refuse"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1839, Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist",
"text": "Jostling with unemployed labourers of the lowest class, ballast-heavers, coal-whippers, brazen women, ragged children, and the raff and refuse of the river, he makes his way with difficulty along […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The common rabble or mob; riffraff."
],
"id": "en-raff-en-noun-H-1dUxwm",
"links": [
[
"rabble",
"rabble"
],
[
"mob",
"mob"
],
[
"riffraff",
"riffraff"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A low fellow; a churl."
],
"id": "en-raff-en-noun-OATBcgTu",
"links": [
[
"churl",
"churl"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæf/"
}
],
"word": "raff"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "raf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English raf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "raffer"
},
"expansion": "Old French raffer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "raffen"
},
"expansion": "German raffen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rap",
"3": "",
"4": "to snatch"
},
"expansion": "rap (“to snatch”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "riffraff"
},
"expansion": "riffraff",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rip",
"3": "",
"4": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "rip (“to tear”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English raf, from Old French raffer, of Germanic origin; compare German raffen, akin to rap (“to snatch”). Compare riffraff, rip (“to tear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "raffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "raffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "raffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "raffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "raff (third-person singular simple present raffs, present participle raffing, simple past and past participle raffed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To sweep, snatch, draw, or huddle together; to take by a promiscuous sweep."
],
"id": "en-raff-en-verb-iHcuKVQP",
"links": [
[
"sweep",
"sweep"
],
[
"snatch",
"snatch"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæf/"
}
],
"word": "raff"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "raffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "raff (plural raffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 8 2 49 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A three-cornered sail set on a schooner when before the wind."
],
"id": "en-raff-en-noun-ZonK3F8e",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"sail",
"sail"
],
[
"schooner",
"schooner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) A three-cornered sail set on a schooner when before the wind."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "raffe"
},
{
"word": "raffie"
}
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæf/"
}
],
"word": "raff"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "raff",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "raffen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular imperative of raffen"
],
"id": "en-raff-de-verb-AaNuN1mt",
"links": [
[
"raffen",
"raffen#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "raffen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present of raffen"
],
"id": "en-raff-de-verb-O2Lt~DXi",
"links": [
[
"raffen",
"raffen#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) first-person singular present of raffen"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁaf/"
},
{
"homophone": "RAF"
},
{
"audio": "De-raff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/De-raff.ogg/De-raff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/De-raff.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "raff"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rhaff",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "raff",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun"
},
"expansion": "raff",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rhaff"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rhaff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of rhaff."
],
"id": "en-raff-cy-noun-IuGK~2mf",
"links": [
[
"rhaff",
"rhaff#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/raːf/"
}
],
"word": "raff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "raff merchant"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "raf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English raf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "raffer"
},
"expansion": "Old French raffer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "raffen"
},
"expansion": "German raffen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rap",
"3": "",
"4": "to snatch"
},
"expansion": "rap (“to snatch”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "riffraff"
},
"expansion": "riffraff",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rip",
"3": "",
"4": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "rip (“to tear”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English raf, from Old French raffer, of Germanic origin; compare German raffen, akin to rap (“to snatch”). Compare riffraff, rip (“to tear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "raffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "raff (countable and uncountable, plural raffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1680, Isaac Barrow, A Discourse Concerning The Unity Of The Church",
"text": "A raff of errors.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A promiscuous heap; a jumble; a large quantity; lumber; refuse."
],
"links": [
[
"promiscuous",
"promiscuous"
],
[
"heap",
"heap"
],
[
"jumble",
"jumble"
],
[
"lumber",
"lumber"
],
[
"refuse",
"refuse"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1839, Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist",
"text": "Jostling with unemployed labourers of the lowest class, ballast-heavers, coal-whippers, brazen women, ragged children, and the raff and refuse of the river, he makes his way with difficulty along […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The common rabble or mob; riffraff."
],
"links": [
[
"rabble",
"rabble"
],
[
"mob",
"mob"
],
[
"riffraff",
"riffraff"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A low fellow; a churl."
],
"links": [
[
"churl",
"churl"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæf/"
}
],
"word": "raff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "raf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English raf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "raffer"
},
"expansion": "Old French raffer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "raffen"
},
"expansion": "German raffen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rap",
"3": "",
"4": "to snatch"
},
"expansion": "rap (“to snatch”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "riffraff"
},
"expansion": "riffraff",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rip",
"3": "",
"4": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "rip (“to tear”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English raf, from Old French raffer, of Germanic origin; compare German raffen, akin to rap (“to snatch”). Compare riffraff, rip (“to tear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "raffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "raffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "raffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "raffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "raff (third-person singular simple present raffs, present participle raffing, simple past and past participle raffed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To sweep, snatch, draw, or huddle together; to take by a promiscuous sweep."
],
"links": [
[
"sweep",
"sweep"
],
[
"snatch",
"snatch"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæf/"
}
],
"word": "raff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "raffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "raff (plural raffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"A three-cornered sail set on a schooner when before the wind."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"sail",
"sail"
],
[
"schooner",
"schooner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) A three-cornered sail set on a schooner when before the wind."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæf/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "raffe"
},
{
"word": "raffie"
}
],
"word": "raff"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German non-lemma forms",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"German terms with audio links",
"German terms with homophones",
"German verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "raff",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "raffen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular imperative of raffen"
],
"links": [
[
"raffen",
"raffen#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German colloquialisms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "raffen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present of raffen"
],
"links": [
[
"raffen",
"raffen#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) first-person singular present of raffen"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁaf/"
},
{
"homophone": "RAF"
},
{
"audio": "De-raff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/De-raff.ogg/De-raff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/De-raff.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "raff"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rhaff",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "raff",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun"
},
"expansion": "raff",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rhaff"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh mutated nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh soft-mutation forms",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rhaff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of rhaff."
],
"links": [
[
"rhaff",
"rhaff#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/raːf/"
}
],
"word": "raff"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.