See raaf on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for raaf meaning in All languages combined (5.9kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "raaf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch raaf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "rāve"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch rāve",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "rāven"
},
"expansion": "rāven",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "ravan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch ravan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrabnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱorh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch raaf, from Middle Dutch rāve, from older rāven by reanalysis, from Old Dutch ravan, from Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rawe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "rawe",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "raaf (plural rawe)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rawe"
},
"expansion": "raaf (plural rawe)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "af",
"name": "Birds",
"orig": "af:Birds",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"raven"
],
"id": "en-raaf-af-noun-CSzaOQtH",
"links": [
[
"raven",
"raven#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɑːf/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q14196 (afr)-Anon1314-raaf.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-raaf.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-raaf.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-raaf.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-raaf.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "raaf"
}
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kauw"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kraai"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "roek"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bokraaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hoornraaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "raafkaketoe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "raafparkiet"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "raaf"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: raaf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: raaf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "rafru",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sranan Tongo: rafru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sranan Tongo: rafru"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "rāve"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch rāve",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "rāven"
},
"expansion": "rāven",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "ravan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch ravan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hrabn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrabn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrabnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱorh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch rāve, formed by reanalysis of the older singular form rāven which was reinterpreted as a plural. From Old Dutch ravan, from Proto-West Germanic *hrabn, from Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "raven",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raafje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-ven",
"3": "raafje",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "raaf m or f (plural raven, diminutive raafje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"raaf"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A raven, Corvus corax."
],
"id": "en-raaf-nl-noun-9ucr8AB1",
"links": [
[
"raven",
"raven"
],
[
"Corvus corax",
"Corvus corax#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 45 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 47 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch rebracketings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 45 24",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Corvids",
"orig": "nl:Corvids",
"parents": [
"Corvoid birds",
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A raven, term used for certain other large birds of the genus Corvus."
],
"id": "en-raaf-nl-noun-rEDPtYX3",
"links": [
[
"raven",
"raven"
],
[
"Corvus",
"Corvus"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Surinamese Dutch",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Parrots",
"orig": "nl:Parrots",
"parents": [
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of ara (“macaw”)"
],
"id": "en-raaf-nl-noun-gGBf35Gr",
"links": [
[
"ara",
"ara#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Suriname) Synonym of ara (“macaw”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "macaw",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "ara"
}
],
"tags": [
"Suriname",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/raːf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːf"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-raaf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/Nl-raaf.ogg/Nl-raaf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Nl-raaf.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "raaf"
}
{
"categories": [
"nl:Corvids"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "raaf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch raaf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "rāve"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch rāve",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "rāven"
},
"expansion": "rāven",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "ravan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch ravan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrabnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱorh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch raaf, from Middle Dutch rāve, from older rāven by reanalysis, from Old Dutch ravan, from Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rawe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "rawe",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "raaf (plural rawe)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rawe"
},
"expansion": "raaf (plural rawe)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans nouns",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Afrikaans terms with audio links",
"af:Birds"
],
"glosses": [
"raven"
],
"links": [
[
"raven",
"raven#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɑːf/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q14196 (afr)-Anon1314-raaf.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-raaf.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-raaf.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-raaf.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Anon1314-raaf.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "raaf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with multiple genders",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch rebracketings",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Dutch/aːf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/aːf/1 syllable",
"nl:Corvids"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "kauw"
},
{
"word": "kraai"
},
{
"word": "roek"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bokraaf"
},
{
"word": "hoornraaf"
},
{
"word": "raafkaketoe"
},
{
"word": "raafparkiet"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "raaf"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: raaf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: raaf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "rafru",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sranan Tongo: rafru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sranan Tongo: rafru"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "rāve"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch rāve",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "rāven"
},
"expansion": "rāven",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "ravan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch ravan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hrabn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrabn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrabnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱorh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch rāve, formed by reanalysis of the older singular form rāven which was reinterpreted as a plural. From Old Dutch ravan, from Proto-West Germanic *hrabn, from Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "raven",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raafje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-ven",
"3": "raafje",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "raaf m or f (plural raven, diminutive raafje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"raaf"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A raven, Corvus corax."
],
"links": [
[
"raven",
"raven"
],
[
"Corvus corax",
"Corvus corax#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A raven, term used for certain other large birds of the genus Corvus."
],
"links": [
[
"raven",
"raven"
],
[
"Corvus",
"Corvus"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Surinamese Dutch",
"nl:Parrots"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of ara (“macaw”)"
],
"links": [
[
"ara",
"ara#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Suriname) Synonym of ara (“macaw”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "macaw",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "ara"
}
],
"tags": [
"Suriname",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/raːf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːf"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-raaf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/Nl-raaf.ogg/Nl-raaf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Nl-raaf.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "raaf"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.