See raaf in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kauw"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kraai"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "roek"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bokraaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hoornraaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "raafkaketoe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "raafparkiet"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "raaf"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: raaf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: raaf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "rafru",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sranan Tongo: rafru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sranan Tongo: rafru"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "rāve"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch rāve",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "rebracketing",
"name": "rebracketing"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "ravan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch ravan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hrabn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrabn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrabnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱorh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch rāve, formed by rebracketing from the older singular form rāven which was reinterpreted as a plural; the singular raven (plural ravens or ravenen) persisted in some dialects until at least the eighteenth century, well beyond the Middle Dutch period. The Middle Dutch furthermore descends from Old Dutch ravan, from Proto-West Germanic *hrabn, from Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "raven",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raafje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-ven",
"3": "+",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "raaf m or f (plural raven, diminutive raafje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"raaf"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Corvids",
"orig": "nl:Corvids",
"parents": [
"Corvoid birds",
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"raven (Corvus corax)"
],
"id": "en-raaf-nl-noun-blnw2-z8",
"links": [
[
"raven",
"raven"
],
[
"Corvus corax",
"Corvus corax#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 47 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 52 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch rebracketings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A raven, term used for certain other large birds of the genus Corvus."
],
"id": "en-raaf-nl-noun-rEDPtYX3",
"links": [
[
"raven",
"raven"
],
[
"Corvus",
"Corvus#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Surinamese Dutch",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Parrots",
"orig": "nl:Parrots",
"parents": [
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of ara (“macaw”)"
],
"id": "en-raaf-nl-noun-gGBf35Gr",
"links": [
[
"ara",
"ara#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Suriname) Synonym of ara (“macaw”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "macaw",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "ara"
}
],
"tags": [
"Suriname",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-raaf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/Nl-raaf.ogg/Nl-raaf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Nl-raaf.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/raːf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːf"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "raef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "raven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "raaven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "raeven"
}
],
"word": "raaf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with multiple genders",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch rebracketings",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/aːf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/aːf/1 syllable"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "kauw"
},
{
"word": "kraai"
},
{
"word": "roek"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bokraaf"
},
{
"word": "hoornraaf"
},
{
"word": "raafkaketoe"
},
{
"word": "raafparkiet"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "raaf"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: raaf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: raaf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "rafru",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sranan Tongo: rafru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sranan Tongo: rafru"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "rāve"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch rāve",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "rebracketing",
"name": "rebracketing"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "ravan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch ravan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hrabn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrabn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrabnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱorh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch rāve, formed by rebracketing from the older singular form rāven which was reinterpreted as a plural; the singular raven (plural ravens or ravenen) persisted in some dialects until at least the eighteenth century, well beyond the Middle Dutch period. The Middle Dutch furthermore descends from Old Dutch ravan, from Proto-West Germanic *hrabn, from Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "raven",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raafje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-ven",
"3": "+",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "raaf m or f (plural raven, diminutive raafje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"raaf"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"nl:Corvids"
],
"glosses": [
"raven (Corvus corax)"
],
"links": [
[
"raven",
"raven"
],
[
"Corvus corax",
"Corvus corax#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A raven, term used for certain other large birds of the genus Corvus."
],
"links": [
[
"raven",
"raven"
],
[
"Corvus",
"Corvus#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Surinamese Dutch",
"nl:Parrots"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of ara (“macaw”)"
],
"links": [
[
"ara",
"ara#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Suriname) Synonym of ara (“macaw”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "macaw",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "ara"
}
],
"tags": [
"Suriname",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-raaf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/Nl-raaf.ogg/Nl-raaf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Nl-raaf.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/raːf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːf"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "raef"
},
{
"word": "raven"
},
{
"word": "raaven"
},
{
"word": "raeven"
}
],
"word": "raaf"
}
Download raw JSONL data for raaf meaning in Dutch (3.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.