See rüken on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "ruken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German ruken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "osx",
"3": "*rūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon *rūkan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*reukan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *reukan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*reukaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *reukaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German ruken, from Old Saxon *rūkan, from Proto-West Germanic *reukan, from Proto-Germanic *reukaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rückt",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rüükt",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rook",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "raken",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hebben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "rüken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rüük",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rook",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rück-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rüüks",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rüükst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rooks",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rookst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rück-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rüük",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rüükt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rook",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rüükt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rüüken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "rüük",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rüükt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rüken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "raken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "eraken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "geraken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"10": "raken",
"11": "auxiliary verb",
"12": "hebben",
"2": "verb",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "rückt",
"5": "or",
"6": "rüükt",
"7": "past tense",
"8": "rook",
"9": "past participle"
},
"expansion": "rüken (third-person singular simple present rückt or rüükt, past tense rook, past participle raken, auxiliary verb hebben)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Röök"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Rüker"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "röken"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 22 21 19 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 17 18 18 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 18 23 20 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to smell (something); to sniff (something)"
],
"id": "en-rüken-nds-verb-9v3~bOHm",
"links": [
[
"smell",
"smell"
],
[
"sniff",
"sniff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to smell (something); to sniff (something)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 17 18 18 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 18 23 20 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"english": "to smell something",
"text": "an wat rüken",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use the sense of smell; to detect a smell"
],
"id": "en-rüken-nds-verb-1Em4MhmN",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to use the sense of smell; to detect a smell"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 17 18 18 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 18 23 20 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to reek; to smell bad"
],
"id": "en-rüken-nds-verb-CSGVlUoi",
"links": [
[
"reek",
"reek"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to reek; to smell bad"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 17 18 18 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 18 23 20 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"english": "to smell like something, to smell of something",
"text": "na wat rüken",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to have a scent; to smell (some way)"
],
"id": "en-rüken-nds-verb-4Kq72OtE",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to have a scent; to smell (some way)"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 17 18 18 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 18 23 20 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
21
]
],
"english": "I cannot stand him.",
"text": "Ik kann em nich rüken.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to tolerate (someone); to stand (someone)"
],
"id": "en-rüken-nds-verb-8BbsRMJW",
"links": [
[
"tolerate",
"tolerate"
],
[
"stand",
"stand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang) to tolerate (someone); to stand (someone)"
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "rüken"
}
{
"categories": [
"Low German class 2 strong verbs",
"Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"Low German lemmas",
"Low German terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon",
"Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Low German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Low German verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "ruken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German ruken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "osx",
"3": "*rūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon *rūkan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*reukan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *reukan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*reukaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *reukaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German ruken, from Old Saxon *rūkan, from Proto-West Germanic *reukan, from Proto-Germanic *reukaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rückt",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rüükt",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rook",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "raken",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hebben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "rüken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rüük",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rook",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rück-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rüüks",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rüükst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rooks",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rookst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rück-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rüük",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rüükt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rook",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rüükt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rüüken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "rüük",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rüükt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rüken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "raken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "eraken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "geraken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"10": "raken",
"11": "auxiliary verb",
"12": "hebben",
"2": "verb",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "rückt",
"5": "or",
"6": "rüükt",
"7": "past tense",
"8": "rook",
"9": "past participle"
},
"expansion": "rüken (third-person singular simple present rückt or rüükt, past tense rook, past participle raken, auxiliary verb hebben)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "Röök"
},
{
"word": "Rüker"
},
{
"word": "röken"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Low German transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to smell (something); to sniff (something)"
],
"links": [
[
"smell",
"smell"
],
[
"sniff",
"sniff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to smell (something); to sniff (something)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Low German intransitive verbs",
"Low German terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"english": "to smell something",
"text": "an wat rüken",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use the sense of smell; to detect a smell"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to use the sense of smell; to detect a smell"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Low German intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to reek; to smell bad"
],
"links": [
[
"reek",
"reek"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to reek; to smell bad"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Low German intransitive verbs",
"Low German terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"english": "to smell like something, to smell of something",
"text": "na wat rüken",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to have a scent; to smell (some way)"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to have a scent; to smell (some way)"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Low German slang",
"Low German terms with usage examples",
"Low German transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
21
]
],
"english": "I cannot stand him.",
"text": "Ik kann em nich rüken.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to tolerate (someone); to stand (someone)"
],
"links": [
[
"tolerate",
"tolerate"
],
[
"stand",
"stand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang) to tolerate (someone); to stand (someone)"
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "rüken"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rüken meaning in All languages combined (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (9a214a4 and 1b6da77). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.