See powód on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "powodów"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "powodek"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "powód"
},
"expansion": "Polish: powód",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: powód"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "powōd"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: powōd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: powōd"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*povodъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *povodъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*povodъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *povodъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "powieść"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from powieść",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1299"
},
"expansion": "1299",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1299"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1299",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *povodъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from powieść. First attested in 1299.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "powód m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "powodny",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!",
"adj": "powodny"
},
"expansion": "powód m animacy unattested (related adjective powodny)",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "powodowstwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "powódca"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "powództwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "powieść"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "powodzić"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 27:",
"text": "Powodowye (actores) theesz bi swogych zaloob alybo rzeczy nye wiproozznyeny, wstawyami",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plaintiff"
],
"id": "en-powód-zlw-opl-noun-pjWHttqz",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"plaintiff",
"plaintiff"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(law, attested in Masovia) plaintiff"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1856-1870 [1444], Antoni Zygmunt Helcel, editor, Starodawne Prawa Polskiego Pomniki, volume II, number 3203:",
"text": "Quia citauit (sc. Katherina) cum ministeriali, non mittendo scum aliquem nunccium al. powodu",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"legal guardian, representative"
],
"id": "en-powód-zlw-opl-noun-yed4w21k",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"legal",
"legal"
],
[
"guardian",
"guardian"
],
[
"representative",
"representative"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) legal guardian, representative"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1934 [1460], Leon Białkowski, editor, Lubelska księga podkomorska piętnastego wieku. Liber succamerarii terrae Lublinensis saeculi XV, Lublin, page 88:",
"text": "Prout super suo antecessore... Stanislao abbate... accquisiverat al. przezyskal accionem al. powodv",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"right to bring a lawsuit"
],
"id": "en-powód-zlw-opl-noun-krJcMkTt",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"right",
"right"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"lawsuit",
"lawsuit"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(law, attested in Lesser Poland) right to bring a lawsuit"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Borderlands Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 11 4 75 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 7 63 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1887 [1299], Archiwum książąt Lubartowiczów Sanguszków w Sławucie. T. 1, 1366-1506, volume II, Lviv, page 6:",
"text": "Ad powod militare seu conductum villarum supradictarum incole non tenebuntur",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"civic duty to provide means of transport to a ruler and his officials"
],
"id": "en-powód-zlw-opl-noun-k0BnEqeT",
"links": [
[
"civic duty",
"civic duty"
],
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"means",
"means"
],
[
"transport",
"transport"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"official",
"official"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Southern Borderlands",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Southern Borderlands) civic duty to provide means of transport to a ruler and his officials"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1868 [1455], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XIV, page 437:",
"text": "Super hoc iudex... accepit memoriale... et instituit eos v *otbydzv, propter hoc wsdaly eos sicut na povodu secundum modum terrestrem",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"id": "en-powód-zlw-opl-noun-xvbE2kAR"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɔvɔːt/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɔvot/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "powód"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "z powodu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "powód",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish powód",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "powód"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish powód",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "pl",
"3": "powieść"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from powieść",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish powód. By surface analysis, deverbal from powieść.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "powodowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "powód",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powody",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powód",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powody",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "powody",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "powodowy"
},
"expansion": "powód m inan (related adjective powodowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"po‧wód"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He had no reason to lie.",
"text": "Nie miał żadnego powodu, żeby kłamać.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cause, reason"
],
"id": "en-powód-pl-noun-P7lx6SUB",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":do(gen)<for what>",
"3": ":żeby(past-cl/inf)/inf<to do what>"
},
"expansion": "[with do (+ genitive) ‘for what’; or with żeby (+ past-tense clause or infinitive) or infinitive ‘to do what’]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"with żeby (+ past-tense clause"
],
"words": [
"do",
"(+",
"genitive)",
"‘for",
"what’;",
"infinitive)",
"infinitive",
"‘to",
"do",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"reason",
"reason"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"cause, reason [with do (+ genitive) ‘for what’; or with żeby (+ past-tense clause or infinitive) or infinitive ‘to do what’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przyczyna"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lead (strap or rope connected to a bridle on which a horse is led)"
],
"id": "en-powód-pl-noun-Hbxzde6H",
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"leading (act of leading)"
],
"id": "en-powód-pl-noun-vbJL2AZY",
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) leading (act of leading)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"logic, sense, reasoning"
],
"id": "en-powód-pl-noun-eakinexi",
"links": [
[
"logic",
"logic"
],
[
"sense",
"sense"
],
[
"reasoning",
"reasoning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) logic, sense, reasoning"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"argument, reasoning"
],
"id": "en-powód-pl-noun-PFtm-rs7",
"links": [
[
"argument",
"argument"
],
[
"reasoning",
"reasoning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) argument, reasoning"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Mining",
"orig": "pl:Mining",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strips that are nailed in a shaft's compartments on which boxes slide when they are pulled out so that they do not interfere with the shaft lining"
],
"id": "en-powód-pl-noun-k5njOjCw",
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"strip",
"strip"
],
[
"nail",
"nail"
],
[
"shaft",
"shaft"
],
[
"compartment",
"compartment"
],
[
"box",
"box"
],
[
"slide",
"slide"
],
[
"pulled out",
"pull out"
],
[
"interfere",
"interfere"
],
[
"lining",
"lining"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, in the plural, mining) strips that are nailed in a shaft's compartments on which boxes slide when they are pulled out so that they do not interfere with the shaft lining"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"consultation"
],
"id": "en-powód-pl-noun-cllJofgh",
"links": [
[
"consultation",
"consultation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) consultation"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "doradztwo"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"model (example that people follow)"
],
"id": "en-powód-pl-noun-olC~frHM",
"links": [
[
"model",
"model"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) model (example that people follow)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wzór"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"origin, source; beginning"
],
"id": "en-powód-pl-noun-WHbjDcbo",
"links": [
[
"origin",
"origin"
],
[
"source",
"source"
],
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) origin, source; beginning"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 9 1 2 1 1 1 1 5 6 5 5 15 5 5 5 6 6 9 0 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 9 1 1 0 1 1 1 6 6 5 5 16 5 5 5 6 6 9 0 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 1 1 1 5 7 6 6 15 6 7 6 7 8 9 0 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 0 1 6 7 5 7 17 6 7 6 7 7 9 0 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 1 1 1 6 6 5 7 13 6 7 5 6 7 9 1 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 1 1 1 6 6 5 7 15 7 7 6 7 7 9 1 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 1 1 1 6 7 5 7 15 6 7 6 7 7 9 1 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 3 0 0 0 4 6 8 4 13 5 10 5 6 10 7 0 9 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "pl:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"course of events"
],
"id": "en-powód-pl-noun-e1hWQ-js",
"links": [
[
"course",
"course"
],
[
"event",
"event"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) course of events"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przebieg"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"premise (basis of inference)"
],
"id": "en-powód-pl-noun-xpmC9nsh",
"links": [
[
"premise",
"premise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) premise (basis of inference)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przesłanka"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 3 0 0 0 4 6 8 4 13 5 10 5 6 10 7 0 9 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "pl:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"topic (subject of discussion)"
],
"id": "en-powód-pl-noun-tUY1mrvq",
"links": [
[
"topic",
"topic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) topic (subject of discussion)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "temat"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "pl:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"proceedings; case"
],
"id": "en-powód-pl-noun-VUZ-Oz8T",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"proceedings",
"proceedings"
],
[
"case",
"case"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, law) proceedings; case"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"success"
],
"id": "en-powód-pl-noun-ruQIhH01",
"links": [
[
"success",
"success"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) success"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pomyślność"
},
{
"word": "powodzenie"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 3 0 0 0 4 6 8 4 13 5 10 5 6 10 7 0 9 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "pl:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"civil horses (horses prepared in cities so that a representative of the authorities making a longer journey could replace tired horses with rested ones)"
],
"id": "en-powód-pl-noun-QWegLQcW",
"links": [
[
"civil",
"civil"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) civil horses (horses prepared in cities so that a representative of the authorities making a longer journey could replace tired horses with rested ones)"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"civic duty of providing a ruler or his representatives with means of transport"
],
"id": "en-powód-pl-noun-HeO01XZm",
"links": [
[
"civic duty",
"civic duty"
],
[
"providing",
"provide"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"representative",
"representative"
],
[
"means",
"means"
],
[
"transport",
"transport"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) civic duty of providing a ruler or his representatives with means of transport"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.vut/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.vot/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvut"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "puwod"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "powód"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "powód",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish powód",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "powód"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish powód",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "pl",
"3": "powieść"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from powieść",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish powód. By surface analysis, deverbal from powieść.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "powódka",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "powód",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powody",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powoda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powoda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"f": "powódka"
},
"expansion": "powód m pers (female equivalent powódka)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"po‧wód"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "powodowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "pl:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plaintiff"
],
"id": "en-powód-pl-noun-pjWHttqz",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"plaintiff",
"plaintiff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) plaintiff"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"leader (one who leads)"
],
"id": "en-powód-pl-noun-3RLuO7s~",
"links": [
[
"leader",
"leader"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) leader (one who leads)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przywódca"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 3 0 0 0 4 6 8 4 13 5 10 5 6 10 7 0 9 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "pl:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"initiator, causer"
],
"id": "en-powód-pl-noun-KbXTvQIi",
"links": [
[
"initiator",
"initiator"
],
[
"causer",
"causer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) initiator, causer"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przywódca"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.vut/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.vot/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvut"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "puwod"
}
],
"word": "powód"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish deverbals",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish masculine nouns",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"pl:Male people",
"zlw-opl:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "powodów"
},
{
"word": "powodek"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "powód"
},
"expansion": "Polish: powód",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: powód"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "powōd"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: powōd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: powōd"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*povodъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *povodъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*povodъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *povodъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "powieść"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from powieść",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1299"
},
"expansion": "1299",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1299"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1299",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *povodъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from powieść. First attested in 1299.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "powód m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "powodny",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!",
"adj": "powodny"
},
"expansion": "powód m animacy unattested (related adjective powodny)",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "powodowstwo"
},
{
"word": "powódca"
},
{
"word": "powództwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "powieść"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "powodzić"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"zlw-opl:Law"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 27:",
"text": "Powodowye (actores) theesz bi swogych zaloob alybo rzeczy nye wiproozznyeny, wstawyami",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plaintiff"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"plaintiff",
"plaintiff"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(law, attested in Masovia) plaintiff"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"zlw-opl:Law"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1856-1870 [1444], Antoni Zygmunt Helcel, editor, Starodawne Prawa Polskiego Pomniki, volume II, number 3203:",
"text": "Quia citauit (sc. Katherina) cum ministeriali, non mittendo scum aliquem nunccium al. powodu",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"legal guardian, representative"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"legal",
"legal"
],
[
"guardian",
"guardian"
],
[
"representative",
"representative"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) legal guardian, representative"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"zlw-opl:Law"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1934 [1460], Leon Białkowski, editor, Lubelska księga podkomorska piętnastego wieku. Liber succamerarii terrae Lublinensis saeculi XV, Lublin, page 88:",
"text": "Prout super suo antecessore... Stanislao abbate... accquisiverat al. przezyskal accionem al. powodv",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"right to bring a lawsuit"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"right",
"right"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"lawsuit",
"lawsuit"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(law, attested in Lesser Poland) right to bring a lawsuit"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Southern Borderlands Old Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1887 [1299], Archiwum książąt Lubartowiczów Sanguszków w Sławucie. T. 1, 1366-1506, volume II, Lviv, page 6:",
"text": "Ad powod militare seu conductum villarum supradictarum incole non tenebuntur",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"civic duty to provide means of transport to a ruler and his officials"
],
"links": [
[
"civic duty",
"civic duty"
],
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"means",
"means"
],
[
"transport",
"transport"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"official",
"official"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Southern Borderlands",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Southern Borderlands) civic duty to provide means of transport to a ruler and his officials"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1868 [1455], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XIV, page 437:",
"text": "Super hoc iudex... accepit memoriale... et instituit eos v *otbydzv, propter hoc wsdaly eos sicut na povodu secundum modum terrestrem",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɔvɔːt/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɔvot/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "powód"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish deverbals",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvut",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvut/2 syllables",
"pl:Male people"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "z powodu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "powód",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish powód",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "powód"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish powód",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "pl",
"3": "powieść"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from powieść",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish powód. By surface analysis, deverbal from powieść.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "powodowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "powód",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powody",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powód",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powody",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "powody",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "powodowy"
},
"expansion": "powód m inan (related adjective powodowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"po‧wód"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He had no reason to lie.",
"text": "Nie miał żadnego powodu, żeby kłamać.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cause, reason"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":do(gen)<for what>",
"3": ":żeby(past-cl/inf)/inf<to do what>"
},
"expansion": "[with do (+ genitive) ‘for what’; or with żeby (+ past-tense clause or infinitive) or infinitive ‘to do what’]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"with żeby (+ past-tense clause"
],
"words": [
"do",
"(+",
"genitive)",
"‘for",
"what’;",
"infinitive)",
"infinitive",
"‘to",
"do",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"reason",
"reason"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"cause, reason [with do (+ genitive) ‘for what’; or with żeby (+ past-tense clause or infinitive) or infinitive ‘to do what’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przyczyna"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lead (strap or rope connected to a bridle on which a horse is led)"
],
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"leading (act of leading)"
],
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) leading (act of leading)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"logic, sense, reasoning"
],
"links": [
[
"logic",
"logic"
],
[
"sense",
"sense"
],
[
"reasoning",
"reasoning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) logic, sense, reasoning"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"argument, reasoning"
],
"links": [
[
"argument",
"argument"
],
[
"reasoning",
"reasoning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) argument, reasoning"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"pl:Mining"
],
"glosses": [
"strips that are nailed in a shaft's compartments on which boxes slide when they are pulled out so that they do not interfere with the shaft lining"
],
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"strip",
"strip"
],
[
"nail",
"nail"
],
[
"shaft",
"shaft"
],
[
"compartment",
"compartment"
],
[
"box",
"box"
],
[
"slide",
"slide"
],
[
"pulled out",
"pull out"
],
[
"interfere",
"interfere"
],
[
"lining",
"lining"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, in the plural, mining) strips that are nailed in a shaft's compartments on which boxes slide when they are pulled out so that they do not interfere with the shaft lining"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"consultation"
],
"links": [
[
"consultation",
"consultation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) consultation"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "doradztwo"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"model (example that people follow)"
],
"links": [
[
"model",
"model"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) model (example that people follow)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wzór"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"origin, source; beginning"
],
"links": [
[
"origin",
"origin"
],
[
"source",
"source"
],
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) origin, source; beginning"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"course of events"
],
"links": [
[
"course",
"course"
],
[
"event",
"event"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) course of events"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przebieg"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"premise (basis of inference)"
],
"links": [
[
"premise",
"premise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) premise (basis of inference)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przesłanka"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"topic (subject of discussion)"
],
"links": [
[
"topic",
"topic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) topic (subject of discussion)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "temat"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"pl:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"proceedings; case"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"proceedings",
"proceedings"
],
[
"case",
"case"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, law) proceedings; case"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"success"
],
"links": [
[
"success",
"success"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) success"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pomyślność"
},
{
"word": "powodzenie"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"civil horses (horses prepared in cities so that a representative of the authorities making a longer journey could replace tired horses with rested ones)"
],
"links": [
[
"civil",
"civil"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) civil horses (horses prepared in cities so that a representative of the authorities making a longer journey could replace tired horses with rested ones)"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"civic duty of providing a ruler or his representatives with means of transport"
],
"links": [
[
"civic duty",
"civic duty"
],
[
"providing",
"provide"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"representative",
"representative"
],
[
"means",
"means"
],
[
"transport",
"transport"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) civic duty of providing a ruler or his representatives with means of transport"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.vut/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.vot/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvut"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "puwod"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "powód"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish deverbals",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvut",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvut/2 syllables",
"pl:Male people"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "powód",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish powód",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "powód"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish powód",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "pl",
"3": "powieść"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from powieść",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish powód. By surface analysis, deverbal from powieść.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "powódka",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "powód",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powody",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powoda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powoda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"f": "powódka"
},
"expansion": "powód m pers (female equivalent powódka)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"po‧wód"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "powodowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"pl:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"plaintiff"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"plaintiff",
"plaintiff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) plaintiff"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"leader (one who leads)"
],
"links": [
[
"leader",
"leader"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) leader (one who leads)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przywódca"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"initiator, causer"
],
"links": [
[
"initiator",
"initiator"
],
[
"causer",
"causer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) initiator, causer"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przywódca"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.vut/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.vot/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvut"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "puwod"
}
],
"word": "powód"
}
Download raw JSONL data for powód meaning in All languages combined (18.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'powód m animacy unattested' in 'powód m animacy unattested (related adjective powodny)'",
"path": [
"powód"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "powód",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.