See politic on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "impolitic"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "politique"
},
"expansion": "Middle French politique",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "politicus"
},
"expansion": "Latin politicus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "πολιτικός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "politisch",
"3": "",
"4": "political"
},
"expansion": "German politisch (“political”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "politico"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of politico",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French politique, from Latin politicus, from Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós), from πολίτης (polítēs, “citizen”). Cognate with German politisch (“political”). Doublet of politico.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more politic",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most politic",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "politic (comparative more politic, superlative most politic)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "body politic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "police"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "policy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "political"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "politician"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "politicize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "politics"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "polity"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the body politic",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The New Arcadia",
"ref": "a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the folio)”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC:",
"text": "[H]e with his people made all but one politic body whereof himself was the head",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to polity, or civil government; political."
],
"id": "en-politic-en-adj-fF~lnJ71",
"links": [
[
"polity",
"polity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Of or relating to polity, or civil government; political."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a politic treaty",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:",
"text": "For then this land was famously enrich'd / With politic grave counsel",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Relating to, or promoting, a policy, especially a national policy; well-devised; adapted to its end, whether right or wrong."
],
"id": "en-politic-en-adj-~LvLglly",
"links": [
[
"policy",
"policy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, of things) Relating to, or promoting, a policy, especially a national policy; well-devised; adapted to its end, whether right or wrong."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of things"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 21 35 6 2 5 2 16 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 23 39 3 1 2 1 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 22 40 4 2 2 2 18 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 24 43 2 1 1 1 20 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iv]:",
"text": "I have been politic with my friend, smooth with mine enemy",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sagacious in promoting a policy; ingenious in devising and advancing a system of management; devoted to a scheme or system rather than to a principle; hence, in a good sense, wise; prudent; sagacious"
],
"id": "en-politic-en-adj-2qGuFF-J",
"links": [
[
"Sagacious",
"sagacious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Sagacious in promoting a policy; ingenious in devising and advancing a system of management; devoted to a scheme or system rather than to a principle; hence, in a good sense, wise; prudent; sagacious"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 1 9 27 19 29 1 1 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Personality",
"orig": "en:Personality",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999 February 28, Chris McGreal, “Nigerians give two cheers for flawed election”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
"text": "But as he headed for the front of the line one of his minders whispered that it might be politic to go to the back.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2001 January 12, Jane Martinson, “Jeb Bush grilled on voting irregularities”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
"text": "But campaigners in Florida accused him of turning a blind eye to the real issues with his \"politic\" appearance before the commission.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010 April 20, Mark Lawson, “Politicians' pop-culture love-in”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
"text": "What a politician likes to do for fun (or judges it politic to pretend he does) is seen as a clue to their personality, or even their politics.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Shrewd, prudent and expedient; showing policy."
],
"id": "en-politic-en-adj-2bynEFwY",
"links": [
[
"Shrewd",
"shrewd#English"
],
[
"prudent",
"prudent"
],
[
"expedient",
"expedient"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 1 9 27 19 29 1 1 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Personality",
"orig": "en:Personality",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter IV, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 25:",
"text": "A unanimous exclamation called upon Evelyn himself to speak; and, after a minute's politic pause, he went on to state his plan.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1915 June, T[homas] S[tearns] Eliot, “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”, in Prufrock and Other Observations, London: The Egoist […], published 1917, →OCLC, page 15:",
"text": "Deferential, glad to be of use, / Politic, cautious, and meticulous; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Discreet and diplomatic."
],
"id": "en-politic-en-adj-IeqmjEiA",
"links": [
[
"Discreet",
"discreet#English"
],
[
"diplomatic",
"diplomatic"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 1 9 27 19 29 1 1 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Personality",
"orig": "en:Personality",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Artful, crafty or cunning."
],
"id": "en-politic-en-adj-G46zsHlS",
"links": [
[
"Artful",
"artful#English"
],
[
"crafty",
"crafty"
],
[
"cunning",
"cunning"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɒlətɪk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-politic.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɑlətɪk/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "politick"
}
],
"word": "politic"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "politique"
},
"expansion": "Middle French politique",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "politicus"
},
"expansion": "Latin politicus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "πολιτικός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "politisch",
"3": "",
"4": "political"
},
"expansion": "German politisch (“political”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "politico"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of politico",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French politique, from Latin politicus, from Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós), from πολίτης (polítēs, “citizen”). Cognate with German politisch (“political”). Doublet of politico.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "politics",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "politic (plural politics)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of the True Greatness of Kingdoms and Estates”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:",
"text": "to speake truly of politikes & Statesmen",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1848, James Russell Lowell, The Complete Poetical Works of James Russell Lowell, Epigrams, 3:",
"text": "Swiftly the politic goes; is it dark? he borrows a lantern; / Slowly the statesman and sure, guiding his feet by the stars.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1871, Benjamin Jowett, chapter III, in Plato: The Republic:",
"text": "And therefore our politic Asclepius may be supposed to have exhibited the power of his art only to persons who... had a definite ailment.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A politician."
],
"id": "en-politic-en-noun-rTThr2U6",
"links": [
[
"politician",
"politician"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A politician."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1978 April 29, Michael Bronski, “Notes on a Necessary Gay Film”, in Gay Community News, page 11:",
"text": "While the stories and lives on the screen are alternately moving and funny, an unspoken question arises: does similar experience always lead to a coherent politic?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A politics; a set of political beliefs."
],
"id": "en-politic-en-noun-DDMtEO6r",
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɒlətɪk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-politic.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɑlətɪk/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "politick"
}
],
"word": "politic"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "politicking"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from politicking",
"name": "back-form"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from politicking.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "politics",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "politicking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "politicked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "politicked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~s",
"2": "~king",
"3": "~ked"
},
"expansion": "politic (third-person singular simple present politics, present participle politicking, simple past and past participle politicked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "politick"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2002, Dana Stabenow, A Fine and Bitter Snow, →ISBN, page 206:",
"text": "That why you turned the Kanuyaq Land Trust into the IRS for using donations to politic instead of to buy land?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009 February 4, “How to Fill a Senate Seat”, in New York Times:",
"text": "Residents of New York, Illinois and now New Hampshire have watched as their governors waffled, politicked and, in the case of Illinois, possibly broke the law carrying out their duties to appoint a new senator.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Scott N. Brooks, Black Men Can't Shoot, →ISBN, page 169:",
"text": "His brother [Anthony], he politicked him so well, that even his [Jason's] attitude, all the scouts got away from [forgot about] his [bad] attitude because he was a good player.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017, John Hayman, Bitter Harvest: Richmond Flowers and the Civil Rights Revolution, →ISBN:",
"text": "He made errors, and they should have reversed him, but he politicked the thing through.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of politick"
],
"id": "en-politic-en-verb-PO70s2CK",
"links": [
[
"politick",
"politick#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɒlətɪk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-politic.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɑlətɪk/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "politick"
}
],
"word": "politic"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "plus politic",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "le plus politic",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"10": "le {{{sup2}}}",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "plus politic",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "le plus politic",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "politic (comparative plus politic, superlative le plus politic)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "politic (comparative plus politic, superlative le plus politic)",
"name": "ia-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"political"
],
"id": "en-politic-ia-adj-7AhGfOEr",
"links": [
[
"political",
"political"
]
]
}
],
"word": "politic"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "adjective form",
"g": "m-p"
},
"expansion": "politic m pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ladin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "politich"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of politich"
],
"id": "en-politic-lld-adj-gfPMqilE",
"links": [
[
"politich",
"politich#Ladin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "politic"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "la",
"3": "polīticus"
},
"expansion": "Latin polīticus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "grc",
"3": "πολιτικός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin polīticus, from Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "politica",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "politics",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "politicas",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"10": "",
"11": "feminine plural",
"12": "politicas",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "feminine singular",
"6": "politica",
"7": "masculine plural",
"8": "politics",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "f|s",
"f3accel-form": "m|p",
"f4accel-form": "m|p",
"f5accel-form": "f|p",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "politic m (feminine singular politica, masculine plural politics, feminine plural politicas)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "politic m (feminine singular politica, masculine plural politics, feminine plural politicas)",
"name": "oc-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Occitan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "politizar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"political"
],
"id": "en-politic-oc-adj-7AhGfOEr",
"links": [
[
"political",
"political"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pu.liˈtik]"
}
],
"word": "politic"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "politicus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin politicus",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "politique"
},
"expansion": "French politique",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin politicus or French politique.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "politică",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "politici",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "politice",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "politic",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "politică",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "politici",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "politice",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "politicul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "politica",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "politicii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "politicele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "politice",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "politicului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "politicei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "politicilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "politicelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "politic m or n (feminine singular politică, masculine plural politici, feminine and neuter plural politice)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"political"
],
"id": "en-politic-ro-adj-7AhGfOEr",
"links": [
[
"political",
"political"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "post-1930s Cyrillic spelling",
"word": "политик"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/poˈli.tik/"
}
],
"word": "politic"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "impolitic"
}
],
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English back-formations",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Personality"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "politique"
},
"expansion": "Middle French politique",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "politicus"
},
"expansion": "Latin politicus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "πολιτικός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "politisch",
"3": "",
"4": "political"
},
"expansion": "German politisch (“political”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "politico"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of politico",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French politique, from Latin politicus, from Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós), from πολίτης (polítēs, “citizen”). Cognate with German politisch (“political”). Doublet of politico.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more politic",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most politic",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "politic (comparative more politic, superlative most politic)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "body politic"
},
{
"word": "police"
},
{
"word": "policy"
},
{
"word": "political"
},
{
"word": "politician"
},
{
"word": "politicize"
},
{
"word": "politics"
},
{
"word": "polity"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the body politic",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The New Arcadia",
"ref": "a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the folio)”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC:",
"text": "[H]e with his people made all but one politic body whereof himself was the head",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to polity, or civil government; political."
],
"links": [
[
"polity",
"polity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Of or relating to polity, or civil government; political."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a politic treaty",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:",
"text": "For then this land was famously enrich'd / With politic grave counsel",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Relating to, or promoting, a policy, especially a national policy; well-devised; adapted to its end, whether right or wrong."
],
"links": [
[
"policy",
"policy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, of things) Relating to, or promoting, a policy, especially a national policy; well-devised; adapted to its end, whether right or wrong."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of things"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iv]:",
"text": "I have been politic with my friend, smooth with mine enemy",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sagacious in promoting a policy; ingenious in devising and advancing a system of management; devoted to a scheme or system rather than to a principle; hence, in a good sense, wise; prudent; sagacious"
],
"links": [
[
"Sagacious",
"sagacious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Sagacious in promoting a policy; ingenious in devising and advancing a system of management; devoted to a scheme or system rather than to a principle; hence, in a good sense, wise; prudent; sagacious"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999 February 28, Chris McGreal, “Nigerians give two cheers for flawed election”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
"text": "But as he headed for the front of the line one of his minders whispered that it might be politic to go to the back.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2001 January 12, Jane Martinson, “Jeb Bush grilled on voting irregularities”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
"text": "But campaigners in Florida accused him of turning a blind eye to the real issues with his \"politic\" appearance before the commission.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010 April 20, Mark Lawson, “Politicians' pop-culture love-in”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
"text": "What a politician likes to do for fun (or judges it politic to pretend he does) is seen as a clue to their personality, or even their politics.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Shrewd, prudent and expedient; showing policy."
],
"links": [
[
"Shrewd",
"shrewd#English"
],
[
"prudent",
"prudent"
],
[
"expedient",
"expedient"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter IV, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 25:",
"text": "A unanimous exclamation called upon Evelyn himself to speak; and, after a minute's politic pause, he went on to state his plan.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1915 June, T[homas] S[tearns] Eliot, “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”, in Prufrock and Other Observations, London: The Egoist […], published 1917, →OCLC, page 15:",
"text": "Deferential, glad to be of use, / Politic, cautious, and meticulous; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Discreet and diplomatic."
],
"links": [
[
"Discreet",
"discreet#English"
],
[
"diplomatic",
"diplomatic"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Artful, crafty or cunning."
],
"links": [
[
"Artful",
"artful#English"
],
[
"crafty",
"crafty"
],
[
"cunning",
"cunning"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɒlətɪk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-politic.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɑlətɪk/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "politick"
}
],
"word": "politic"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English back-formations",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Personality"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "politique"
},
"expansion": "Middle French politique",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "politicus"
},
"expansion": "Latin politicus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "πολιτικός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "politisch",
"3": "",
"4": "political"
},
"expansion": "German politisch (“political”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "politico"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of politico",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French politique, from Latin politicus, from Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós), from πολίτης (polítēs, “citizen”). Cognate with German politisch (“political”). Doublet of politico.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "politics",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "politic (plural politics)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of the True Greatness of Kingdoms and Estates”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:",
"text": "to speake truly of politikes & Statesmen",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1848, James Russell Lowell, The Complete Poetical Works of James Russell Lowell, Epigrams, 3:",
"text": "Swiftly the politic goes; is it dark? he borrows a lantern; / Slowly the statesman and sure, guiding his feet by the stars.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1871, Benjamin Jowett, chapter III, in Plato: The Republic:",
"text": "And therefore our politic Asclepius may be supposed to have exhibited the power of his art only to persons who... had a definite ailment.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A politician."
],
"links": [
[
"politician",
"politician"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A politician."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1978 April 29, Michael Bronski, “Notes on a Necessary Gay Film”, in Gay Community News, page 11:",
"text": "While the stories and lives on the screen are alternately moving and funny, an unspoken question arises: does similar experience always lead to a coherent politic?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A politics; a set of political beliefs."
],
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɒlətɪk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-politic.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɑlətɪk/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "politick"
}
],
"word": "politic"
}
{
"categories": [
"English back-formations",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Personality"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "politicking"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from politicking",
"name": "back-form"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from politicking.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "politics",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "politicking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "politicked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "politicked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~s",
"2": "~king",
"3": "~ked"
},
"expansion": "politic (third-person singular simple present politics, present participle politicking, simple past and past participle politicked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "politick"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2002, Dana Stabenow, A Fine and Bitter Snow, →ISBN, page 206:",
"text": "That why you turned the Kanuyaq Land Trust into the IRS for using donations to politic instead of to buy land?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009 February 4, “How to Fill a Senate Seat”, in New York Times:",
"text": "Residents of New York, Illinois and now New Hampshire have watched as their governors waffled, politicked and, in the case of Illinois, possibly broke the law carrying out their duties to appoint a new senator.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Scott N. Brooks, Black Men Can't Shoot, →ISBN, page 169:",
"text": "His brother [Anthony], he politicked him so well, that even his [Jason's] attitude, all the scouts got away from [forgot about] his [bad] attitude because he was a good player.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017, John Hayman, Bitter Harvest: Richmond Flowers and the Civil Rights Revolution, →ISBN:",
"text": "He made errors, and they should have reversed him, but he politicked the thing through.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of politick"
],
"links": [
[
"politick",
"politick#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɒlətɪk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-politic.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-politic.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɑlətɪk/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "politick"
}
],
"word": "politic"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "plus politic",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "le plus politic",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"10": "le {{{sup2}}}",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "plus politic",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "le plus politic",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "politic (comparative plus politic, superlative le plus politic)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "politic (comparative plus politic, superlative le plus politic)",
"name": "ia-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Interlingua adjectives",
"Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
"Interlingua lemmas",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"political"
],
"links": [
[
"political",
"political"
]
]
}
],
"word": "politic"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "adjective form",
"g": "m-p"
},
"expansion": "politic m pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ladin adjective forms",
"Ladin entries with incorrect language header",
"Ladin non-lemma forms",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "politich"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of politich"
],
"links": [
[
"politich",
"politich#Ladin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "politic"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "politizar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "la",
"3": "polīticus"
},
"expansion": "Latin polīticus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "grc",
"3": "πολιτικός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin polīticus, from Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "politica",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "politics",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "politicas",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"10": "",
"11": "feminine plural",
"12": "politicas",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "feminine singular",
"6": "politica",
"7": "masculine plural",
"8": "politics",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "f|s",
"f3accel-form": "m|p",
"f4accel-form": "m|p",
"f5accel-form": "f|p",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "politic m (feminine singular politica, masculine plural politics, feminine plural politicas)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "politic m (feminine singular politica, masculine plural politics, feminine plural politicas)",
"name": "oc-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Occitan adjectives",
"Occitan entries with incorrect language header",
"Occitan lemmas",
"Occitan terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Occitan terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"political"
],
"links": [
[
"political",
"political"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pu.liˈtik]"
}
],
"word": "politic"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "politicus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin politicus",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "politique"
},
"expansion": "French politique",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin politicus or French politique.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "politică",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "politici",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "politice",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "politic",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "politică",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "politici",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "politice",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "politicul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "politica",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "politicii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "politicele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "politice",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "politicului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "politicei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "politicilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "politicelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "politic m or n (feminine singular politică, masculine plural politici, feminine and neuter plural politice)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian adjectives",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms borrowed from Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"political"
],
"links": [
[
"political",
"political"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/poˈli.tik/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "post-1930s Cyrillic spelling",
"word": "политик"
}
],
"word": "politic"
}
Download raw JSONL data for politic meaning in All languages combined (19.2kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative- accusative'",
"path": [
"politic"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "politic",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative- accusative'",
"path": [
"politic"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "politic",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive- dative'",
"path": [
"politic"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "politic",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive- dative'",
"path": [
"politic"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "politic",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.