See początek on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "początek"
},
"expansion": "Polish: początek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: początek"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "poczōntek"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: poczōntek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: poczōntek"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*počętъkъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *počętъkъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*počętъkъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *počętъkъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "end of the 14th century"
},
"expansion": "the end of the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "end of the 14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the end of the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *počętъkъ. First attested in the end of the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "początek m inan",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "począć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "poczynać"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [Middle of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXXIII, page 122:",
"text": "Nagotowane wam od poczøtka swyata (possidete paratum vobis regnum a constitutione mundi Mat 25, 34)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning (first moment of something; first of a series; initial area)"
],
"id": "en-początek-zlw-opl-noun-pSJ4SH5A",
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 30 23 19 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 611:",
"text": "Sva volya boga gnyeva, ... a vschemv grzechovy yest poczathek",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 27:",
"text": "Kv poczanthką (war. lub.: kv *podnyedze) in fomitem (ita facietis per singulos dies septem dierum in fomitem ignis Num 28, 24)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cause, reason"
],
"id": "en-początek-zlw-opl-noun-P7lx6SUB",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"reason",
"reason"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1901 [1423], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume II, Radom, Sandomierz, Opoczno, page 302:",
"text": "Yze kmecze vczynili poczanthek na synu gego",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning (starting a quarrel, verbal or active attack)"
],
"id": "en-początek-zlw-opl-noun-1dfckN7N",
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) beginning (starting a quarrel, verbal or active attack)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 110, 9:",
"text": "Poczøtek mødroszczy (initium sapientiae) boyazn *bozø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 93r:",
"text": "Origo ein vrsprunck oder auffgang poczathek",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [c. 1428], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume I, Międzyrzecz, Warsaw, page 488:",
"text": "Cum [e]mergenciis s poczontky",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"source, origin"
],
"id": "en-początek-zlw-opl-noun-o2wS5fw~",
"links": [
[
"source",
"source"
],
[
"origin",
"origin"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland, Masovia) source, origin"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [c. 1428], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume I, Międzyrzecz, Warsaw, page 494:",
"text": "Preambulo, id est principio poczøtka",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1908 [c. 1500], Bolesław Erzepki, editor, Przyczynki do średniowiecznego słownictwa polskiego. I. Glosy polskie wpisane do łacińsko-niemieckiego słownika drukowanego w roku 1490, Lubiń, page 69:",
"text": "Preludium est paruus ludus ante maiorem factus poczathek, povąbą",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 107v:",
"text": "Prohemium id est prima modulatio scilicet prologus począthek",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forward, preface, introduction"
],
"id": "en-początek-zlw-opl-noun-m78bC8oh",
"links": [
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"preface",
"preface"
],
[
"introduction",
"introduction"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Masovia) forward, preface, introduction"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɔt͡ʃʲɑ̃tɛk/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɔt͡ʃʲɑ̃tɛk/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "początek"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "na początku"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "od początku"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "miłe złego początki, lecz koniec żałosny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wziąć początek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "brać początek"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "początek",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish początek",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "początek"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish początek",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish początek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pocz.",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "początek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "początki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "początku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "początków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "początkowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "początkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "początek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "początki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "początkiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "początkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "początku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "początkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "początku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "początki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"abbr": "pocz."
},
"expansion": "początek m inan (abbreviation pocz.)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"po‧czą‧tek"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "u"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "koniec"
},
{
"word": "kres"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 10 9 12 13 10 3 4 9 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 9 9 10 10 9 6 4 8 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 9 8 12 13 10 4 4 7 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 8 12 13 11 4 4 8 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning (that from which something begins in time)"
],
"id": "en-początek-pl-noun-X5NV14X~",
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zaranie"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "koniec"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning (that from which something begins in space)"
],
"id": "en-początek-pl-noun-c8NZx3mv",
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "koniec"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning (first part that begins some whole)"
],
"id": "en-początek-pl-noun-6ZYdMs5i",
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 9 4 4 3 7 7 7 11 11 9 5 2 9 1 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 2 2 7 7 7 13 13 11 3 2 10 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 9 12 13 10 3 4 9 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 9 9 10 10 9 6 4 8 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 9 8 12 13 10 4 4 7 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 8 12 13 11 4 4 8 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginnings (arising or creation of something)"
],
"id": "en-początek-pl-noun-AAuBk~b2",
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) beginnings (arising or creation of something)"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 9 4 4 3 7 7 7 11 11 9 5 2 9 1 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 2 2 7 7 7 13 13 11 3 2 10 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 9 12 13 10 3 4 9 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 9 9 10 10 9 6 4 8 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 9 8 12 13 10 4 4 7 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 8 12 13 11 4 4 8 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginnings (first symptoms)"
],
"id": "en-początek-pl-noun-egCn-a7p",
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) beginnings (first symptoms)"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 2 2 7 7 7 13 13 11 3 2 10 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 9 12 13 10 3 4 9 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 9 8 12 13 10 4 4 7 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 8 12 13 11 4 4 8 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginnings (the first period of something's existence, being somewhere, some part of life)"
],
"id": "en-początek-pl-noun-v0wkqiTX",
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) beginnings (the first period of something's existence, being somewhere, some part of life)"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"cause, reason"
],
"id": "en-początek-pl-noun-P7lx6SUB",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"reason",
"reason"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) cause, reason"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "powód"
},
{
"word": "przyczyna"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"origin, source"
],
"id": "en-początek-pl-noun-tSNt4Uuu",
"links": [
[
"origin",
"origin"
],
[
"source",
"source"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) origin, source"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "geneza"
},
{
"word": "pochodzenia"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 9 4 4 3 7 7 7 11 11 9 5 2 9 1 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first earning of a given period"
],
"id": "en-początek-pl-noun-DcuRYw0c",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"earning",
"earning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, rare) first earning of a given period"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"element"
],
"id": "en-początek-pl-noun-RFkpJnIJ",
"links": [
[
"element",
"element"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) element"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "element"
},
{
"word": "pierwiastek"
},
{
"word": "zarodek"
},
{
"word": "żywioł"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 9 4 4 3 7 7 7 11 11 9 5 2 9 1 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 2 2 7 7 7 13 13 11 3 2 10 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 9 12 13 10 3 4 9 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 9 9 10 10 9 6 4 8 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 9 8 12 13 10 4 4 7 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 8 12 13 11 4 4 8 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1532, Bartłomiej z Bydgoszczy, Słownik łacińsko-polski, page 62:",
"text": "Fundamentum, grvnth, początek",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning; foundation; Further details are uncertain."
],
"id": "en-początek-pl-noun-sePAmHCO",
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"foundation",
"foundation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) beginning; foundation; Further details are uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɔˈt͡ʂɔn.tɛk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɔˈt͡ʂɔ̃.tɛk/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔntɛk"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "początek"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish inanimate nouns",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish masculine nouns",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "początek"
},
"expansion": "Polish: początek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: początek"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "poczōntek"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: poczōntek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: poczōntek"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*počętъkъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *počętъkъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*počętъkъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *počętъkъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "end of the 14th century"
},
"expansion": "the end of the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "end of the 14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the end of the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *počętъkъ. First attested in the end of the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "początek m inan",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "począć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "poczynać"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [Middle of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXXIII, page 122:",
"text": "Nagotowane wam od poczøtka swyata (possidete paratum vobis regnum a constitutione mundi Mat 25, 34)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning (first moment of something; first of a series; initial area)"
],
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 611:",
"text": "Sva volya boga gnyeva, ... a vschemv grzechovy yest poczathek",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 27:",
"text": "Kv poczanthką (war. lub.: kv *podnyedze) in fomitem (ita facietis per singulos dies septem dierum in fomitem ignis Num 28, 24)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cause, reason"
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"reason",
"reason"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1901 [1423], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume II, Radom, Sandomierz, Opoczno, page 302:",
"text": "Yze kmecze vczynili poczanthek na synu gego",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning (starting a quarrel, verbal or active attack)"
],
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) beginning (starting a quarrel, verbal or active attack)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 110, 9:",
"text": "Poczøtek mødroszczy (initium sapientiae) boyazn *bozø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 93r:",
"text": "Origo ein vrsprunck oder auffgang poczathek",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [c. 1428], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume I, Międzyrzecz, Warsaw, page 488:",
"text": "Cum [e]mergenciis s poczontky",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"source, origin"
],
"links": [
[
"source",
"source"
],
[
"origin",
"origin"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland, Masovia) source, origin"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [c. 1428], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume I, Międzyrzecz, Warsaw, page 494:",
"text": "Preambulo, id est principio poczøtka",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1908 [c. 1500], Bolesław Erzepki, editor, Przyczynki do średniowiecznego słownictwa polskiego. I. Glosy polskie wpisane do łacińsko-niemieckiego słownika drukowanego w roku 1490, Lubiń, page 69:",
"text": "Preludium est paruus ludus ante maiorem factus poczathek, povąbą",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 107v:",
"text": "Prohemium id est prima modulatio scilicet prologus począthek",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forward, preface, introduction"
],
"links": [
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"preface",
"preface"
],
[
"introduction",
"introduction"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Masovia) forward, preface, introduction"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɔt͡ʃʲɑ̃tɛk/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɔt͡ʃʲɑ̃tɛk/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "początek"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔntɛk",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔntɛk/3 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "na początku"
},
{
"word": "od początku"
},
{
"word": "miłe złego początki, lecz koniec żałosny"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wziąć początek"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "brać początek"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "początek",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish początek",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "początek"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish początek",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish początek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pocz.",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "początek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "początki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "początku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "początków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "początkowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "początkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "początek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "początki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "początkiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "początkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "początku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "początkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "początku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "początki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"abbr": "pocz."
},
"expansion": "początek m inan (abbreviation pocz.)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"po‧czą‧tek"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "u"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "koniec"
},
{
"word": "kres"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning (that from which something begins in time)"
],
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zaranie"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "koniec"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning (that from which something begins in space)"
],
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "koniec"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning (first part that begins some whole)"
],
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"beginnings (arising or creation of something)"
],
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) beginnings (arising or creation of something)"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"beginnings (first symptoms)"
],
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) beginnings (first symptoms)"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"beginnings (the first period of something's existence, being somewhere, some part of life)"
],
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) beginnings (the first period of something's existence, being somewhere, some part of life)"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"cause, reason"
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"reason",
"reason"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) cause, reason"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "powód"
},
{
"word": "przyczyna"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"origin, source"
],
"links": [
[
"origin",
"origin"
],
[
"source",
"source"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) origin, source"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "geneza"
},
{
"word": "pochodzenia"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"Polish terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"first earning of a given period"
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"earning",
"earning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, rare) first earning of a given period"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"element"
],
"links": [
[
"element",
"element"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) element"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "element"
},
{
"word": "pierwiastek"
},
{
"word": "zarodek"
},
{
"word": "żywioł"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1532, Bartłomiej z Bydgoszczy, Słownik łacińsko-polski, page 62:",
"text": "Fundamentum, grvnth, początek",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning; foundation; Further details are uncertain."
],
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"foundation",
"foundation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) beginning; foundation; Further details are uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɔˈt͡ʂɔn.tɛk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɔˈt͡ʂɔ̃.tɛk/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔntɛk"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "początek"
}
Download raw JSONL data for początek meaning in All languages combined (12.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland, Masovia",
"path": [
"początek"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "początek",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland, Masovia",
"path": [
"początek"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "początek",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Masovia",
"path": [
"początek"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "początek",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Masovia",
"path": [
"początek"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "początek",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.