"performative" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "nonperformative"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "performative authoritarianism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "performatively"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "performativeness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "performative utterance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "performativity"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "perform",
        "3": "ative"
      },
      "expansion": "perform + -ative",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "perform + -ative",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more performative",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most performative",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "performative (comparative more performative, superlative most performative)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Linguistics",
          "orig": "en:Linguistics",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Philosophy",
          "orig": "en:Philosophy",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 42 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ative",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Saying \"I do\" as part of a wedding ceremony is performative, enacting a marriage.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1975 April 15, J. L. Austin, How to Do Things with Words: Second Edition, Harvard University Press",
          "text": "Thus in the example: 'By saying “I do” I was marrying her', the performative 'I do' is a means to the end of marriage. Here 'saying' is used in the sense in which it takes inverted commas and is using words or language, a phatic and not[…]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Being enacted as it is said."
      ],
      "id": "en-performative-en-adj-X2fQgOXQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "philosophy",
          "philosophy"
        ],
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "enact",
          "enact"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(philosophy, linguistics) Being enacted as it is said."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 42 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ative",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2002, Anthony Kubiak, Agitated States: Performance in the American Theater of Cruelty, page 4",
          "text": "Although the seeming copycat nature of the plots in Port Huran and Conyers was terrifying because of their repetitive, performative, even texted nature—their seeming theatricality—more harrowing was the threat that, like theater, the performance would settle quickly into repetition compulsions in schools across the nation.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, Martha McCaughey, Michael D. Ayers, Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and Practice, page 200",
          "text": "With the danger of science becoming purely “performative” (Lyotard 1984), not seeking any pretense of “truth” but simply performing a service for those in charge while still occupying its decision-making role in a technocratically dominated political sphere […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2017, Angela Nagle, Kill All Normies, Zero Books, Introduction",
          "text": "The Harambe meme soon became the perfect parody of the sentimentality and absurd priorities of Western liberal performative politics and the online mass hysteria that often characterized it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2022 January 8, “The rise of performative work”, in The Economist, →ISSN",
          "text": "The reality of remote working has turned out to be different. Days have become longer and employees are demonstratively visible. Work has become more performative.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2024 February 9, Chloe Mac Donnell, “‘Reading is so sexy’: gen Z turns to physical books and libraries”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
          "text": "After the photos of Jenner and Elordi were published there was a stream of online discourse stating we had entered an era of performative reading.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Being done as a performance in order to create an impression."
      ],
      "id": "en-performative-en-adj-Im3JJJOm",
      "links": [
        [
          "performance",
          "performance"
        ],
        [
          "impression",
          "impression"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "performatory"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "workly"
    }
  ],
  "word": "performative"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "perform",
        "3": "ative"
      },
      "expansion": "perform + -ative",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "perform + -ative",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "performatives",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "performative (plural performatives)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 27 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 42 44",
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          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ative",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2011, Phyllis Kaburise, Speech Act Theory and Communication: A Univen Study, page 77",
          "text": "The distinction between constatives and performatives is one of the distinctions that he starts questioning.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A performative utterance."
      ],
      "id": "en-performative-en-noun-qSEt2szv",
      "links": [
        [
          "performative utterance",
          "performative utterance"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "performative"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "performative",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "performatif"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine singular of performatif"
      ],
      "id": "en-performative-fr-adj-QUI3Ih-j",
      "links": [
        [
          "performatif",
          "performatif#French"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "performative"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "performative",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "performativ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of performativ:\n## strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular\n## strong nominative/accusative plural\n## weak nominative all-gender singular\n## weak accusative feminine/neuter singular",
        "strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular"
      ],
      "id": "en-performative-de-adj-HmFnF1bs",
      "links": [
        [
          "performativ",
          "performativ#German"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of performativ:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "mixed",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "performativ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of performativ:\n## strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular\n## strong nominative/accusative plural\n## weak nominative all-gender singular\n## weak accusative feminine/neuter singular",
        "strong nominative/accusative plural"
      ],
      "id": "en-performative-de-adj-Acvz7Jhu",
      "links": [
        [
          "performativ",
          "performativ#German"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of performativ:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "form-of",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 37 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
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            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "performativ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of performativ:\n## strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular\n## strong nominative/accusative plural\n## weak nominative all-gender singular\n## weak accusative feminine/neuter singular",
        "weak nominative all-gender singular"
      ],
      "id": "en-performative-de-adj-awUcWxTy",
      "links": [
        [
          "performativ",
          "performativ#German"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of performativ:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "performativ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of performativ:\n## strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular\n## strong nominative/accusative plural\n## weak nominative all-gender singular\n## weak accusative feminine/neuter singular",
        "weak accusative feminine/neuter singular"
      ],
      "id": "en-performative-de-adj--~qzG2MV",
      "links": [
        [
          "performativ",
          "performativ#German"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of performativ:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "De-performative.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/De-performative.ogg/De-performative.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/De-performative.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "performative"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "performative",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "performativo"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine plural of performativo"
      ],
      "id": "en-performative-it-adj-KhMgDNLp",
      "links": [
        [
          "performativo",
          "performativo#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "performative"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms suffixed with -ative"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "nonperformative"
    },
    {
      "word": "performative authoritarianism"
    },
    {
      "word": "performatively"
    },
    {
      "word": "performativeness"
    },
    {
      "word": "performative utterance"
    },
    {
      "word": "performativity"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "perform",
        "3": "ative"
      },
      "expansion": "perform + -ative",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "perform + -ative",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more performative",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most performative",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "performative (comparative more performative, superlative most performative)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "en:Linguistics",
        "en:Philosophy"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Saying \"I do\" as part of a wedding ceremony is performative, enacting a marriage.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1975 April 15, J. L. Austin, How to Do Things with Words: Second Edition, Harvard University Press",
          "text": "Thus in the example: 'By saying “I do” I was marrying her', the performative 'I do' is a means to the end of marriage. Here 'saying' is used in the sense in which it takes inverted commas and is using words or language, a phatic and not[…]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Being enacted as it is said."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "philosophy",
          "philosophy"
        ],
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "enact",
          "enact"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(philosophy, linguistics) Being enacted as it is said."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2002, Anthony Kubiak, Agitated States: Performance in the American Theater of Cruelty, page 4",
          "text": "Although the seeming copycat nature of the plots in Port Huran and Conyers was terrifying because of their repetitive, performative, even texted nature—their seeming theatricality—more harrowing was the threat that, like theater, the performance would settle quickly into repetition compulsions in schools across the nation.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, Martha McCaughey, Michael D. Ayers, Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and Practice, page 200",
          "text": "With the danger of science becoming purely “performative” (Lyotard 1984), not seeking any pretense of “truth” but simply performing a service for those in charge while still occupying its decision-making role in a technocratically dominated political sphere […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2017, Angela Nagle, Kill All Normies, Zero Books, Introduction",
          "text": "The Harambe meme soon became the perfect parody of the sentimentality and absurd priorities of Western liberal performative politics and the online mass hysteria that often characterized it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2022 January 8, “The rise of performative work”, in The Economist, →ISSN",
          "text": "The reality of remote working has turned out to be different. Days have become longer and employees are demonstratively visible. Work has become more performative.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2024 February 9, Chloe Mac Donnell, “‘Reading is so sexy’: gen Z turns to physical books and libraries”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
          "text": "After the photos of Jenner and Elordi were published there was a stream of online discourse stating we had entered an era of performative reading.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Being done as a performance in order to create an impression."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "performance",
          "performance"
        ],
        [
          "impression",
          "impression"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "performatory"
    },
    {
      "word": "workly"
    }
  ],
  "word": "performative"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms suffixed with -ative"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
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        "2": "perform",
        "3": "ative"
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      "expansion": "perform + -ative",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "perform + -ative",
  "forms": [
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      "form": "performatives",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "performative (plural performatives)",
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        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
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          "text": "The distinction between constatives and performatives is one of the distinctions that he starts questioning.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A performative utterance."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "performative utterance",
          "performative utterance"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "performative"
}

{
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      "expansion": "performative",
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  "lang_code": "fr",
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    {
      "categories": [
        "French adjective forms",
        "French entries with incorrect language header",
        "French non-lemma forms"
      ],
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          "word": "performatif"
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      "glosses": [
        "feminine singular of performatif"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "performatif",
          "performatif#French"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "performative"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "German adjective forms",
    "German entries with incorrect language header",
    "German non-lemma forms",
    "German terms with audio links"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
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      },
      "expansion": "performative",
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    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "performativ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of performativ:\n## strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular\n## strong nominative/accusative plural\n## weak nominative all-gender singular\n## weak accusative feminine/neuter singular",
        "strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "performativ",
          "performativ#German"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of performativ:\n"
      ],
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      ]
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    {
      "form_of": [
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          "word": "performativ"
        }
      ],
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        "strong nominative/accusative plural"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "performativ",
          "performativ#German"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of performativ:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "form-of",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "performativ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of performativ:\n## strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular\n## strong nominative/accusative plural\n## weak nominative all-gender singular\n## weak accusative feminine/neuter singular",
        "weak nominative all-gender singular"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "performativ",
          "performativ#German"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of performativ:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "performativ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of performativ:\n## strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular\n## strong nominative/accusative plural\n## weak nominative all-gender singular\n## weak accusative feminine/neuter singular",
        "weak accusative feminine/neuter singular"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "performativ",
          "performativ#German"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of performativ:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "De-performative.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/De-performative.ogg/De-performative.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/De-performative.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "performative"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "performative",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian adjective forms",
        "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Italian non-lemma forms"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "performativo"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine plural of performativo"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "performativo",
          "performativo#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "performative"
}