"performative" meaning in English

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "nonperformative"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "performative authoritarianism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "performatively"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "performativeness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "performative utterance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "performativism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "performativity"
    }
  ],
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        "2": ":af",
        "3": "perform",
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      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish perform\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātuslbor.\nEnglish -ate\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nOld French -ifbor.\nMiddle English -yf\nEnglish -ive\nEnglish -ative\nEnglish performative\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂tos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ātos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ate\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ive\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-iHwós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īvus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-if\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-yf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ive\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ative\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"performative\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"performative\">\nFrom perform + -ative.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish perform\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātuslbor.\nEnglish -ate\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nOld French -ifbor.\nMiddle English -yf\nEnglish -ive\nEnglish -ative\nEnglish performative\nFrom perform + -ative.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more performative",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most performative",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
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      "name": "en-adj"
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "raw_tags": [
        "of performative"
      ],
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        "common",
        "misspelling"
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      "word": "preformative"
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      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "raw_tags": [
        "of performance"
      ],
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        "common",
        "misspelling"
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      "word": "preformance"
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    {
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          "kind": "other",
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          "name": "Linguistics",
          "orig": "en:Linguistics",
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          "text": "Saying \"I do\" as part of a wedding ceremony is performative, enacting a marriage.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "1975 April 15, J. L. Austin, How to Do Things with Words: Second Edition, Harvard University Press, →ISBN:",
          "text": "Thus in the example: 'By saying “I do” I was marrying her', the performative 'I do' is a means to the end of marriage. Here 'saying' is used in the sense in which it takes inverted commas and is using words or language, a phatic and not[…]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Being enacted as it is said."
      ],
      "id": "en-performative-en-adj-X2fQgOXQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "philosophy",
          "philosophy"
        ],
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "enact",
          "enact"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(philosophy, linguistics) Being enacted as it is said."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "70 30",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "performatory",
          "word": "performativo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 30",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "performatory",
          "word": "performático"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 30",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "performatory",
          "word": "performántico"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "41 23 37",
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      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
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            ]
          ],
          "text": "We were beginning to suspect that her ethical qualms were sometimes performative, as the urgent need for fairness and justice seemed to apply to some people but not to others.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
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            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2002, Anthony Kubiak, Agitated States: Performance in the American Theater of Cruelty, →ISBN, page 4:",
          "text": "Although the seeming copycat nature of the plots in Port Huran and Conyers was terrifying because of their repetitive, performative, even texted nature—their seeming theatricality—more harrowing was the threat that, like theater, the performance would settle quickly into repetition compulsions in schools across the nation.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
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          ],
          "ref": "2013, Martha McCaughey, Michael D. Ayers, Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and Practice, page 200:",
          "text": "With the danger of science becoming purely “performative” (Lyotard 1984), not seeking any pretense of “truth” but simply performing a service for those in charge while still occupying its decision-making role in a technocratically dominated political sphere […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
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          ],
          "ref": "2017, Angela Nagle, Kill All Normies, Zero Books, →ISBN, Introduction:",
          "text": "The Harambe meme soon became the perfect parody of the sentimentality and absurd priorities of Western liberal performative politics and the online mass hysteria that often characterized it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
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            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2022 January 8, “The rise of performative work”, in The Economist, →ISSN:",
          "text": "The reality of remote working has turned out to be different. Days have become longer and employees are demonstratively visible. Work has become more performative.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
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            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2024 February 9, Chloe Mac Donnell, “‘Reading is so sexy’: gen Z turns to physical books and libraries”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
          "text": "After the photos of Jenner and Elordi were published there was a stream of online discourse stating we had entered an era of performative reading.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
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            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2026 February 13, Emma Loffhagen, “‘His favourite book was by Jordan Peterson, which was a massive ick’: how books perform on dating apps”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
          "text": "That tension – between actual taste and strategic signalling – maps on to the “performative men” discourse: the suspicion that some men curate feminist politics or literary taste as a dating strategy rather than them being their authentically held beliefs and preferences.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Insincere, inauthentic or disingenuous; done solely or largely as a performance, to produce an impression or enhance one's reputation."
      ],
      "id": "en-performative-en-adj-rVxt356Q",
      "links": [
        [
          "Insincere",
          "insincere"
        ],
        [
          "inauthentic",
          "inauthentic"
        ],
        [
          "disingenuous",
          "disingenuous"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "performatory"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "workly"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "illocutionary"
    }
  ],
  "word": "performative"
}

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      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish perform\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātuslbor.\nEnglish -ate\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nOld French -ifbor.\nMiddle English -yf\nEnglish -ive\nEnglish -ative\nEnglish performative\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂tos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ātos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ate\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ive\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-iHwós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īvus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-if\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-yf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ive\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ative\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"performative\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"performative\">\nFrom perform + -ative.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish perform\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātuslbor.\nEnglish -ate\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nOld French -ifbor.\nMiddle English -yf\nEnglish -ive\nEnglish -ative\nEnglish performative\nFrom perform + -ative.",
  "forms": [
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      "tags": [
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
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          "ref": "2011, Phyllis Kaburise, Speech Act Theory and Communication: A Univen Study, page 77:",
          "text": "The distinction between constatives and performatives is one of the distinctions that he starts questioning.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A performative utterance."
      ],
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      "links": [
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          "performative utterance",
          "performative utterance"
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  "word": "performative"
}

{
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    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries referencing missing etymons",
    "English entries with etymology texts",
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    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Terms with Spanish translations"
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  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "nonperformative"
    },
    {
      "word": "performative authoritarianism"
    },
    {
      "word": "performatively"
    },
    {
      "word": "performativeness"
    },
    {
      "word": "performative utterance"
    },
    {
      "word": "performativism"
    },
    {
      "word": "performativity"
    }
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  "etymology_templates": [
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        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish perform\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātuslbor.\nEnglish -ate\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nOld French -ifbor.\nMiddle English -yf\nEnglish -ive\nEnglish -ative\nEnglish performative\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂tos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ātos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ate\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ive\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-iHwós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īvus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-if\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-yf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ive\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ative\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"performative\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"performative\">\nFrom perform + -ative.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish perform\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātuslbor.\nEnglish -ate\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nOld French -ifbor.\nMiddle English -yf\nEnglish -ive\nEnglish -ative\nEnglish performative\nFrom perform + -ative.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more performative",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most performative",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "performative (comparative more performative, superlative most performative)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "of performative"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common",
        "misspelling"
      ],
      "word": "preformative"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "of performance"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common",
        "misspelling"
      ],
      "word": "preformance"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "of perform"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common",
        "misspelling"
      ],
      "word": "preform"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "en:Linguistics",
        "en:Philosophy"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              47,
              59
            ]
          ],
          "text": "Saying \"I do\" as part of a wedding ceremony is performative, enacting a marriage.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              64,
              76
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1975 April 15, J. L. Austin, How to Do Things with Words: Second Edition, Harvard University Press, →ISBN:",
          "text": "Thus in the example: 'By saying “I do” I was marrying her', the performative 'I do' is a means to the end of marriage. Here 'saying' is used in the sense in which it takes inverted commas and is using words or language, a phatic and not[…]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Being enacted as it is said."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "philosophy",
          "philosophy"
        ],
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "enact",
          "enact"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(philosophy, linguistics) Being enacted as it is said."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              68,
              80
            ]
          ],
          "text": "We were beginning to suspect that her ethical qualms were sometimes performative, as the urgent need for fairness and justice seemed to apply to some people but not to others.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              119,
              131
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2002, Anthony Kubiak, Agitated States: Performance in the American Theater of Cruelty, →ISBN, page 4:",
          "text": "Although the seeming copycat nature of the plots in Port Huran and Conyers was terrifying because of their repetitive, performative, even texted nature—their seeming theatricality—more harrowing was the threat that, like theater, the performance would settle quickly into repetition compulsions in schools across the nation.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              44,
              56
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2013, Martha McCaughey, Michael D. Ayers, Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and Practice, page 200:",
          "text": "With the danger of science becoming purely “performative” (Lyotard 1984), not seeking any pretense of “truth” but simply performing a service for those in charge while still occupying its decision-making role in a technocratically dominated political sphere […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              111,
              123
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2017, Angela Nagle, Kill All Normies, Zero Books, →ISBN, Introduction:",
          "text": "The Harambe meme soon became the perfect parody of the sentimentality and absurd priorities of Western liberal performative politics and the online mass hysteria that often characterized it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              150,
              162
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2022 January 8, “The rise of performative work”, in The Economist, →ISSN:",
          "text": "The reality of remote working has turned out to be different. Days have become longer and employees are demonstratively visible. Work has become more performative.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              125,
              137
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2024 February 9, Chloe Mac Donnell, “‘Reading is so sexy’: gen Z turns to physical books and libraries”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
          "text": "After the photos of Jenner and Elordi were published there was a stream of online discourse stating we had entered an era of performative reading.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              79,
              91
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2026 February 13, Emma Loffhagen, “‘His favourite book was by Jordan Peterson, which was a massive ick’: how books perform on dating apps”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
          "text": "That tension – between actual taste and strategic signalling – maps on to the “performative men” discourse: the suspicion that some men curate feminist politics or literary taste as a dating strategy rather than them being their authentically held beliefs and preferences.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Insincere, inauthentic or disingenuous; done solely or largely as a performance, to produce an impression or enhance one's reputation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Insincere",
          "insincere"
        ],
        [
          "inauthentic",
          "inauthentic"
        ],
        [
          "disingenuous",
          "disingenuous"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "performatory"
    },
    {
      "word": "workly"
    },
    {
      "word": "illocutionary"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "performatory",
      "word": "performativo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "performatory",
      "word": "performático"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "performatory",
      "word": "performántico"
    }
  ],
  "word": "performative"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries referencing missing etymons",
    "English entries with etymology texts",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms suffixed with -ative",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "perform",
        "4": "-ative",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish perform\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātuslbor.\nEnglish -ate\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nOld French -ifbor.\nMiddle English -yf\nEnglish -ive\nEnglish -ative\nEnglish performative\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂tos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ātos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ate\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ive\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-iHwós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īvus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-if\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-yf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ive\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ative\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"performative\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"performative\">\nFrom perform + -ative.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish perform\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātuslbor.\nEnglish -ate\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nOld French -ifbor.\nMiddle English -yf\nEnglish -ive\nEnglish -ative\nEnglish performative\nFrom perform + -ative.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "performatives",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "performative (plural performatives)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              40,
              53
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2011, Phyllis Kaburise, Speech Act Theory and Communication: A Univen Study, page 77:",
          "text": "The distinction between constatives and performatives is one of the distinctions that he starts questioning.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A performative utterance."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "performative utterance",
          "performative utterance"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "performative"
}

{
  "called_from": "page/2530",
  "msg": "skipping string in the middle of translations: </table></div></div>\n\n",
  "path": [
    "performative"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "performative",
  "trace": ""
}