See penghulu on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for penghulu meaning in All languages combined (9.3kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ms",
"3": "penghulu"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Malay penghulu",
"name": "unadapted borrowing"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Malay penghulu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penghulus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penghulu (plural penghulus)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Malaysia",
"orig": "en:Malaysia",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Eka Kurniawan, translated by Labodalih Sembiring, Man Tiger, Verso, page 17",
"text": "As soon as she graduated, Anwar Sadat dragged her and the classmate said to be responsible to a penghulu, who could officiate at the wedding.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A local chief or governor in parts of Malaysia and Indonesia."
],
"id": "en-penghulu-en-noun--NqL1J1P",
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"governor",
"governor"
]
]
}
],
"word": "penghulu"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penghulu andika"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penghulu bendahari"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penghulu sambang"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "peng-",
"3": "hulu"
},
"expansion": "peng- + hulu",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "penghulu",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay penghulu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "penghulu",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Malay penghulu",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Affixed peng- + hulu, inherited from Malay penghulu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pênghulu",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulu-penghulu",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penghuluku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulumu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulunya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "pênghulu",
"pl": "duplication"
},
"expansion": "pênghulu (plural penghulu-penghulu, first-person possessive penghuluku, second-person possessive penghulumu, third-person possessive penghulunya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pêng‧hu‧lu"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 25 25 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms prefixed with peng-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"customary chief"
],
"id": "en-penghulu-id-noun-JOR0Ffl9",
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"customary",
"customary"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kepala"
},
{
"word": "ketua"
},
{
"word": "kepala adat"
},
{
"word": "ketua adat"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "id",
"name": "Islam",
"orig": "id:Islam",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "24 25 25 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms prefixed with peng-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"marriage officiant, imam, priest"
],
"id": "en-penghulu-id-noun-qgsTQ8QV",
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"marriage officiant",
"marriage officiant"
],
[
"imam",
"imam"
],
[
"priest",
"priest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"(Islam) marriage officiant, imam, priest"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kepala"
},
{
"word": "ketua"
}
],
"topics": [
"Islam",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "id",
"name": "Islam",
"orig": "id:Islam",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "24 25 25 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms prefixed with peng-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"head of Islamic religious affairs in the regency or municipality"
],
"id": "en-penghulu-id-noun-BgdMHajK",
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"(Islam) head of Islamic religious affairs in the regency or municipality"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kepala"
},
{
"word": "ketua"
}
],
"topics": [
"Islam",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "id",
"name": "Islam",
"orig": "id:Islam",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 16 24 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 25 25 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms prefixed with peng-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 17 17 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"Islamic religious affairs counselor at the district court"
],
"id": "en-penghulu-id-noun-k0Nkrq7Z",
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"(Islam) Islamic religious affairs counselor at the district court"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kepala"
},
{
"word": "ketua"
},
{
"word": "kadi"
}
],
"topics": [
"Islam",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəŋ.ˈhu.lu/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-lu"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:penghulu"
],
"word": "penghulu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "penghulu"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: penghulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: penghulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penghulu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: penghulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: penghulu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "peng-",
"3": "hulu"
},
"expansion": "peng- + hulu",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "pangulo"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog pangulo",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "peng- + hulu. Cognate with Tagalog pangulo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ڤڠهولو",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulu-penghulu",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penghuluku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"informal",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulumu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulunya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "ڤڠهولو"
},
"expansion": "penghulu (Jawi spelling ڤڠهولو, plural penghulu-penghulu, informal 1st possessive penghuluku, 2nd possessive penghulumu, 3rd possessive penghulunya)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay terms prefixed with peng-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ms",
"name": "Society",
"orig": "ms:Society",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chief part"
],
"id": "en-penghulu-ms-noun-jybrxsnK",
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay terms prefixed with peng-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ms",
"name": "Society",
"orig": "ms:Society",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"leader, chief"
],
"id": "en-penghulu-ms-noun-KEud9DLD",
"links": [
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-u"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pemimpin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "leader",
"word": "tuan"
}
],
"word": "penghulu"
}
{
"categories": [
"ms:Society"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ms",
"3": "penghulu"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Malay penghulu",
"name": "unadapted borrowing"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Malay penghulu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penghulus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penghulu (plural penghulus)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Malay",
"English terms derived from Malay",
"English terms with quotations",
"English unadapted borrowings from Malay",
"en:Malaysia"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Eka Kurniawan, translated by Labodalih Sembiring, Man Tiger, Verso, page 17",
"text": "As soon as she graduated, Anwar Sadat dragged her and the classmate said to be responsible to a penghulu, who could officiate at the wedding.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A local chief or governor in parts of Malaysia and Indonesia."
],
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"governor",
"governor"
]
]
}
],
"word": "penghulu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian 3-syllable words",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms prefixed with peng-",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/lu",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/lu/3 syllables",
"ms:Society"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "penghulu andika"
},
{
"word": "penghulu bendahari"
},
{
"word": "penghulu sambang"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "peng-",
"3": "hulu"
},
"expansion": "peng- + hulu",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "penghulu",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay penghulu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "penghulu",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Malay penghulu",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Affixed peng- + hulu, inherited from Malay penghulu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pênghulu",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulu-penghulu",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penghuluku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulumu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulunya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "pênghulu",
"pl": "duplication"
},
"expansion": "pênghulu (plural penghulu-penghulu, first-person possessive penghuluku, second-person possessive penghulumu, third-person possessive penghulunya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pêng‧hu‧lu"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"customary chief"
],
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"customary",
"customary"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kepala"
},
{
"word": "ketua"
},
{
"word": "kepala adat"
},
{
"word": "ketua adat"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"id:Islam"
],
"glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"marriage officiant, imam, priest"
],
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"marriage officiant",
"marriage officiant"
],
[
"imam",
"imam"
],
[
"priest",
"priest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"(Islam) marriage officiant, imam, priest"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kepala"
},
{
"word": "ketua"
}
],
"topics": [
"Islam",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"id:Islam"
],
"glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"head of Islamic religious affairs in the regency or municipality"
],
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"(Islam) head of Islamic religious affairs in the regency or municipality"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kepala"
},
{
"word": "ketua"
}
],
"topics": [
"Islam",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"id:Islam"
],
"glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"Islamic religious affairs counselor at the district court"
],
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"(Islam) Islamic religious affairs counselor at the district court"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kepala"
},
{
"word": "ketua"
},
{
"word": "kadi"
}
],
"topics": [
"Islam",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəŋ.ˈhu.lu/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-lu"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:penghulu"
],
"word": "penghulu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay terms prefixed with peng-",
"Malay terms with redundant script codes",
"Rhymes:Malay/u",
"Rhymes:Malay/u/3 syllables",
"ms:Society"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "penghulu"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: penghulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: penghulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penghulu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: penghulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: penghulu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "peng-",
"3": "hulu"
},
"expansion": "peng- + hulu",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "pangulo"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog pangulo",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "peng- + hulu. Cognate with Tagalog pangulo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ڤڠهولو",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulu-penghulu",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penghuluku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"informal",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulumu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulunya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "ڤڠهولو"
},
"expansion": "penghulu (Jawi spelling ڤڠهولو, plural penghulu-penghulu, informal 1st possessive penghuluku, 2nd possessive penghulumu, 3rd possessive penghulunya)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"chief part"
],
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"leader, chief"
],
"links": [
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-u"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pemimpin"
},
{
"english": "leader",
"word": "tuan"
}
],
"word": "penghulu"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.